Identification of Raw and Vulcanized Rubberlike Polymers. II. Determination of Swelling Ratios

1945 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
The State ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Unknown Sample ◽  
The Common

Abstract The ratios of the swellings of vulcanized rubberlike polymers in benzene, light petroleum (b.p. 40–60°), and aniline, at 25° C, have been found to be different for different polymers, but to be within a well-defined narrow range for each polymer, and the ratios substantially independent of the state of vulcanization and nature and proportion of the fillers. Hence the ratios for an unknown sample may be utilized in its identification, preferably by plotting the values on a graph showing the ratios for the common types of rubberlike polymers.

scholarly journals Mobilization cholangiography

1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
O. S. Kochnev ◽  
V. N. Biryaltsev
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
The State ◽  
Duodenal Papilla ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Intraoperative Diagnosis ◽  
The Common

Determination of the state of the biliary tract and the terminal part of the common bile duct is one of the most difficult issues of intraoperative diagnosis in complicated cholecystitis. Currently, none of the surgeons doubts the need for intraoperative cholangiography and its value. It is she who allows to identify in many patients the presence of calculi in the biliary tract, to determine the degree of expansion of the common bile duct and bile hypertension, the state of the terminal part of the common bile duct. However, the analysis of radiographs performed during 170 surgical interventions for various degrees of stenosis of the large duodenal papilla showed that even this most reliable method of intraoperative diagnosis has a significant drawback.

scholarly journals The State of the Russian-Vietnamese Strategic Partnership

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Mazyrin
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Current Stage

The survey presents organizers, participants and the main themes of the discussions on the state of the Russian-Vietnamese strategic partnership, held in Moscow by RAS IFE and in Hanoi by the Institute of European Studies of VASS in early December 2021. It analyzes the reports on the state and perspectives of bilateral cooperation in the crucial spheres, such as political, military-technical, socio- economic, scientific-technical, cultural and educational ones. The evaluation was of objective character: the experts noted both the achievements and the shortcomings, showed the existing hardships and explained their causes. Criticism prevailed; the common conclusion (while the approaches of the sides differed appreciably) was the acknowledgement of still existing serious problems in the crucial spheres of relations (especially in trade-economic relations), the determination of their current stage, which is the durability test in the conditions of the two worlds growing confrontation. The discussions in RAS and VASS have contributed to the search of the ways to rise strategic partnership of Russia and Vietnam to the appropriate level.

Closed Primaries and Party Support in Congress

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
Steven H. Haeberle
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Elections ◽  
American States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Party Support ◽  
Traditional Patterns

Nominating procedures in the American states rely on three types of primary elections: closed, open, and blanket. These systems vary with regard to the extent partisanship is injected into the process. The data show that members of Congress with the highest levels of party support in the House of Representatives are elected in states using closed primaries. However, this relationship between partisanship in office and use of the closed primary appears to result from the common determination of these two variables by regional differences and traditional patterns of interparty competition at the state level. In other words, the state systems that value partisanship the most will likely have closed primaries and elect representatives more likely to support their party.

State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

The Development of Slovenia in the European Union: Social Aspects

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Iryna Butyrska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The author proves that the successful stability of independent Slovenia contributed to a number of factors, existing since its being incorporated in the SFRY. The factor, uniting the state has become the common goal – the aspiration to join the EU. The process of the European integration contributed to the modernization of a number of spheres, in particular social, cultural and economic ones. The global financial and economic crisis has revealed the turmoil in the economy of the state and its leadership was forced to gradually reduce a significant part of social privileges for the population. This caused the tension in the society and reduced the level of the national unity, having a negative impact on people’s wellbeing. However, since 2014, the Prime Minister M. Cherar has been trying to restore people’s trust in the state. The situation is getting better; indicators of trust in government are increasing, which also points to state capacity and political regime stability in Slovenia. Keywords: Slovenia, state stability, social sphere, government

Speaking for Islam

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Sounaye
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
French Model

Unexpectedly, one of the marking features of democratization in Niger has been the rise of a variety of Islamic discourses. They focus on the separation between religion and the state and, more precisely, the way it is manifested through the French model of laïcité, which democratization has adopted in Niger. For many Muslim actors, laïcité amounts to a marginalization of Islamic values and a negation of Islam. This article present three voices: the Collaborators, the Moderates, and the Despisers. Each represents a trend that seeks to influence the state’s political and ideological makeup. Although the ulama in general remain critical vis-à-vis the state’s political and institutional transformation, not all of them reject the principle of the separation between religion and state. The Collaborators suggest cooperation between the religious authority and the political one, the Moderates insist on the necessity for governance to accommodate the people’s will and visions, and the Despisers reject the underpinning liberalism that voids religious authority and demand a total re-Islamization. I argue that what is at stake here is less the separation between state and religion than the modality of this separation and its impact on religious authority. The targets, tones, and justifications of the discourses I explore are evidence of the limitations of a democratization project grounded in laïcité. Thus in place of a secular democratization, they propose a conservative democracy based on Islam and its demands for the realization of the common good.

The Law of Contract

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
World Market ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines the law of contract in France and discusses the milestone reform of French contract law. While this new legislation introduces a fresh equilibrium between the contracting parties and enhances accessibility and legal certainty in contract, it does not radically change the state of the law in this area. In addition, it does not strongly impact the traditional philosophical foundations of the law of contract. The reform, in short, looks more like a tidying up operation rather than a far-reaching transformation of the law. Therefore, the chapter argues that it is questionable whether the new law, which was also intended to increase France's attractiveness against the background of a world market dominated by the Common Law, will keep its promise.

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