scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC CHANGES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN RESIDING IN ECOLOGICALLY ADVERSE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147
Author(s):  
Sholpan BAKHTIYAROVA ◽  
Bolatbek ZHAKSYMOV ◽  
Unzira KAPYSHEVA ◽  
Oksana CHEREDNICHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Test Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Younger Generation

In Kazakhstan, due to the strengthening of the geopolitical role in the international arena and active industrial development, negative environmental impacts have intensified in recent years. Many regions are environmentally unfavorable and carry the risk of an increase in the incidence of living in these conditions of the population. Numerous deviations in the health of the community create the conditions for genetic polymorphism and the growth of certain groups of diseases characteristic of regions with environmental pollution. Long-term environmental pollution is the reason for the increase in the rate of the mutation process and the volume of the genetic load in the human population. The purpose of this study is to show the influence of dominant environmental factors in distant regions of Kazakhstan on cytogenetic disturbances in the body of the younger generation. Students from different schools aged 16 to 18 years living near the Semipalatinsk test site of the East Kazakhstan region and in the Aral region of the Kyzylorda region took part in the studies. The results of the study show that the oral epithelial cells in two-thirds of the examined adolescents living in environmentally unfavorable conditions either near the Semipalatinsk Test Site or in the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan revealed a wide range of cytogenetic disorders. The most significant percentage of violations associated with the formation of micronuclei, protrusions, and apoptosis, was detected in urban students living 150 km from the Semipalatinsk Test Site. When comparing the data of urban and rural students, the predominant development of cytological disorders was revealed, such as nuclear destruction (karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and apoptosis) in rural adolescents, which indicates the ongoing negative impact of the closed Semipalatinsk Test Site and the salinization of the Aral Sea on the health of the younger generation of children.

scholarly journals Understanding the crisis in harm reduction funding in Central and Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Miovský ◽  
Silvia Miklíková ◽  
Viktor Mravčík ◽  
Jean-Paul Grund ◽  
Tereza Černíková
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background The harm reduction (HR) approach to injecting drug use was rapidly adopted in Central Europe following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The associated social and economic transformation had significant consequences for drug policies in the region. A large number of emerging services have been dependent on funding from a wide range of national and/or local funding programmes, which continue to be unstable, and closely associated with political decisions and insufficient institution building. A sharp distinction is made between health and social services, often without regard to client input. The main objective of the paper is to identify the causes of the funding problems currently faced by HR services in the context of their history of institution building which represents a major threat to the future of HR services in the region. Methods Qualitative content analysis of documents was conducted in the development of two case studies of the Czech and Slovak Republics. The body of documentation under study comprised policy documents, including National Drug Strategies, Action Plans, ministerial documents, and official budgets and financial schedules, as well as documents from the grey literature and expert opinions. Results The insufficient investments in finalising the process of the institution building of HR services have resulted in a direct threat to their sustainability. An unbalanced inclination to the institutionalisation of HR within the domain of social services has led to a misperception of their integrity, as well as to their funding and long-term sustainability being endangered. In addition, this tendency has had a negative impact on the process of the institutionalisation of HR within the system of healthcare. Conclusion The case study revealed a lack of systemic grounding of HR services as interdisciplinary health-social services. The aftermath of the financial crisis in 2008 fully revealed the limitations of the funding system established ad hoc in the 1990s, which remains present until today, together with all its weak points. The entire situation is responsible for the dangerous erosion of the interpretation of the concept of harm reduction, which is supported by various stereotypes and false, or ideological, interpretations of the concept.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF TRITIUM POLLUTION OF THE SHAGAN RIVER WATERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
M. R. Aktayev ◽  
A. O. Aidarkhanov ◽  
A. K. Aidarkhanova ◽  
S. S. Pronin ◽  
A. O. Iskenov
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
The Irtysh River

The article presents the results of monitoring the waters of the Shagan river on the change in the specific activity of tritium for 2016–2020. The Shagan river is the longest surface watercourse on the territory of the Semipalatinsk Test Site, flowing along the eastern part of the Balapan site, where, together with the tributary, the Ashisu, flows into the “Atomic Lake”. Further, at a distance of 110 km downstream, the river forms a left-bank tributary of the Irtysh river. Previous studies have revealed and repeatedly confirmed the fact of radioactive contamination of the surface and ground waters of the Shagan river technogenic radionuclide 3H. It was revealed that the main source of pollution is groundwater entering the surface waters of the river. In this regard, in order to ensure long-term monitoring of 3H pollution of river waters, seasonal monitoring was carried out in three sections of the river located along its channel, starting from the outlet from the “Atomic Lake” heap and further downstream to the confluence with the Irtysh river.As a result of the observations, it was found that the specific activity of 3H in surface and ground waters, depending on the observation time, varies in a wide range of values. So, in the area of maximum pollution, the content of 3H changes from the minimum – 8 Bq/kg in the spring, to the maximum 370 000 Bq/kg in the summer-autumn period. At the exit points of the Shagan river outside the landfill, the concentration of 3H varies from 90 Bq/kg to 12 400 Bq/kg. In the area of the confluence of the Shagan river in Irtysh river content of 3H does not exceed 110 Bq/kg.

scholarly journals Adaptation disorders caused by nephrectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Igor S. Shormanov ◽  
Marina S. Los ◽  
Maxim V. Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Currently, nephrectomy is performed for various diseases, and the number of this type of surgery does not have a clear tendency to decrease. Operational stress is accompanied by a triggering mechanism for a wide range of disorders, among which psycho-emotional and vegetative (vascular) reactions are important clinical markers. The study of the systemic adaptive reactivity of the body after nephrectomy will provide an integrated approach to the study of the problem of the postoperative period and the rehabilitation of the patient in clinical practice. Objective: to identify the effect of nephrectomy on the overall adaptive response of animals when white rats are exposed to damaging physical loads (acute hyperthermia) and chemical (acute alcohol poisoning, nephrotoxic agents) of nature, normobaric hypoxia, limiting muscular loads and immobilization stress. The results of the experiment showed that laboratory animals with a single kidney become more sensitive (1.5 times) to nephrotoxic agents. Analysis of the effect of nephrectomy on the overall adaptive response of animals under the influence of various damaging factors to reduce the body’s resistance to hypoxia by 20% (p > 0.05); to limit muscular loads – by 25% (p > 0.05); hyperthermia – by 25% (p < 0.05); chemical agents – by one third (p < 0.05); to immobilization stress – by 28% (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The study demonstrated a significant negative impact of nephrectomy on the overall adaptive capacity of the body and allowed to clarify the functional characteristics of the general adaptation disorders in connection with this operation.

scholarly journals Biochemical parameters of blood plasma of the male population living on the territory of the Aral Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Zhanbol Sabirov ◽  
◽  
Aliya Eshmagambetova ◽  
Gul'zhazira Turlybekova ◽  
Nazira Duzbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Percentage

The Aral Sea ecological disaster zone affects the health status of the population living in this zone. Biochemical parameters are indicators of the metabolic functionality of the body. The article presents data about the biochemical parameters of blood plasma in the male population living in the ecological crisis zone of the Aral Sea region. It is shown that when determining the majority of indicators of biochemical analysis within the physiological norm, there is a significant percentage of people with deviations in these indicators. Such data make it possible to assume about the factors that can affect the entire population and have massive manifestations. Certainly, these factors, include the negative impact of the environment on public health. An increase in gamma — glutamyltransferase was found in 41 % of the subjects, an increase in cholesterol in 38 % and an increase in triglycerides in 34 %. In the inhabitants of the Aral Sea, a correlation was found between the biochemical parameters of blood serum from the dose of chemicals. It was shown that long-term chemical load in the crisis zone of the Aral Sea region causes a deviation of protein metabolism. The results obtained indicate a significant percentage of people with metabolic stress in the process of adaptation to high chemical load.

scholarly journals Biocomposites Using Whole or Valuable Component-Extracted Microalgae Blended with Polymers: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Gyu Min Kim ◽  
Won-Seok Chang ◽  
Young-Kee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Demand

Global demand for plastics has increased steadily alongside industrial development. Despite their versatility and convenience, environmental pollution caused by plastics are a major issue. With a reduction in the market size of plastics being seemingly impossible, bioplastics may become key to tackle this issue. Among a wide range of sources of bioplastics, microalgae have come into the limelight. While abundant and valuable components in microalgae have the potential to replace preexisting plastics, complex processes and low cost performances have prevented them from entering the market. In this study, we examined techniques for biocomposites in which polymers are blended with microalgae. We focused on microalgae-based biocomposite blending processed from the perspective of functionality and cost performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Gomutra Niruha Basti on Sthaulya (obesity)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Parwe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insurance Data

Obesity is a serious health condition that can lead to an earlier death. A variety of medical problems, including high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes, sleep apnea, depression and arthritis, have been  associated with being overweight. An individual who is 30% heavier than his or her ideal weight (determined by standard medical and insurance data) is considered obese. Niruha Basti is one of the most important and commonly used therapies    having wide range of therapeutic action. Niruha Basti is one which eradicates dosha (Humors) from the body, increases strength of the body and has Achintya shakti (unpredictable effects) Gomutra has Tikshna, Ushna, Laghu Virya: Ushna Vipaka: Katu having Kaphavata Shamaka and Used as Deepana, Lekhana, Pachana, Anulomana, Malshodhak Amapachana, it is also used in Virechana and Basti have predominance of Vayu and Agni Mahabhuta. So by means of such properties have a negative impact on Kaphavridhi and Medovridhi.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in ruminants in Ukraine: a 5-year meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
O. V. Kruchynenko ◽  
S. M. Mykhailiutenko ◽  
M. A. Petrenko ◽  
L. M. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Wide Range

The production of environmentally friendly livestock products is currently receiving much attention, especially in the European Union. The problem of monitoring the quality and safety of meat and milk in modern conditions is relevant not only for Ukraine but also for the world community. The scientific substantiation of the methods of research on meat for sale subject to invasive diseases is especially important, as the product may pose risks to the consumer. One of the criteria for assessing the welfare of a herd is the prevalence of helminthiases in cattle. Ruminant parasitoses in Ukraine have always been and remain a separate, often significant, problem for veterinary specialists. Helminths have evolved to use a wide range of ecological niches. In this study, we tried to quantify the prevalence of helminthiases among ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) in Ukraine. The relevant studies were searched for in the online databases. The meta-analysis included 15 publications from January 2015 to December 2020 which reported the spread of parasites in Ukraine. The research results show that the infestation of ruminants with gastrointestinal helminths on the territory of Ukraine is 56.7%. Egger’s regression test revealed no significant publication bias. During the period of pastured farming, stable parasitocenoses are formed in the body of ruminants. The parasitoses are caused by helminths (gastrointestinal strongyles, liver flukes, paramphistomas, dicrocelia). They are recorded in monoinvasions or mixed invasions. Ruminants, according to helminthological examination in different climatic zones, are constantly infested with trematodes. In Ukraine, the presence of three species of flukes has been confirmed in ruminants: Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paramphistomum cervi. Parasitization by those species negatively affects the profitability of dairy farming. Trematodes cause significant economic losses: reduced milk productivity of cows, reduced live weight gain of young animals, negative impact on reproduction. At the same time, fascioliasis is socially significant and dangerous to humans. According to the analyzed literature sources, two types of cestodes have been registered in Ukraine: Moniezia benedeni and M. expansa. The epizootic situation regarding nematodes is just as fraught. That is the most numerous group of helminths, their fauna is represented by the following species: Strongyloides papillosus, Nematodirus spathiger, Bunostomum spp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Haemonchus contortus, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichuris skrjabini, T. ovis and T. globulosa. It is proven that in cattle parasitocenoses are recorded more often than monoinvasions. The highest rates of prevalence of infection were observed when polyinvasion included gastrointestinal strongyles, namely from the order Strongylida. Strongyloides papillosus is the most common taxonomic representative, while Fasciola hepatica has the lowest prevalence of infection, especially in sheep. Updated data on helminthiasis will expand the screening strategy to maintain the health of farm ruminants and reduce economic losses.

scholarly journals Understanding the Crisis in Harm Reduction Funding in Central and Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Miovský ◽  
Silvia Miklíková ◽  
Viktor Mravčík ◽  
Jean-Paul Grund ◽  
Tereza Černíková
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drug Policies

Abstract BACKGROUND: The harm reduction (HR) approach to injecting drug use was rapidly adopted in Central Europe following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The associated social and economic transformationhad significant consequences for drug policies in the region. A large number of the emerging services have been dependent on funding from a wide range of national and/or local funding programmes, which continue to be unstable,and closelyassociated with political decisions and insufficient institution building. A sharp distinction is made between health and social services, often without regard to client input.The main objectiveof the paper is to identify the causes of the funding problems currently faced by HR services in the context of their history of institution buildingwhich represents a major threatto the future of HR services in the region. METHODS: Qualitative content analysis of documents was conducted in the development of two case studies of the Czech and Slovak Republics. The body of documentation under study comprised policy documents, including National Drug Strategies, Action Plans, ministerial documents, and official budgets and financial schedules, as well as documents from the grey literature and expert opinions.RESULTS: The insufficient investments in finalising the process of the institution building of HR services has resulted in a direct threat to their sustainability. An unbalanced inclination to the institutionalisation of HR within the domain of social services has led to a misperception of their integrity, as well as to their funding and long-term sustainability being endangered. In addition, this tendency has had a negative impact on the process of the institutionalisation of HR within the system of healthcare. CONCLUSION:The case study revealed a lack of systemic grounding of HR services as interdisciplinary health-social services. The aftermath of the financial crisis in 2008 fully revealed the limitations of the funding system established ad hoc in the 1990s,which remains present until today, togetherwith all its weak points. The entire situation is responsible for the dangerous erosion of the interpretation of the concept of harm reduction, which is supported by various stereotypes and false, or ideological, interpretations of the concept.

scholarly journals Hormonal profile assessment in third generation inhabitants living near Semipalatinsk test site

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Z. I. Namazbaeva ◽  
E. V. Tsvetkova ◽  
Z. B. Sabirov ◽  
Zh. H. Sembaev
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Test Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site

Results of a study covering population of Maisk settlement near Semipalatinsk test site demonstrated possible thyroid diseases in 32.6% of the examinees. Predisposition to autoimmune diseases of thyroid gland (presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase) was revealed in 23% of the population. Increased production of stress hormone (cortisol) is characteristic for 39.4% of the females and 37.7% of the males — that is confirmed by changes in the body adaptation system of the third generation inhabitants, if ionizing radiation influence on the previous generations.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF RESIDENTS OF DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE ARAL SEA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
S.Zh. Ibadullayeva ◽  
◽  
N.S. Auezova ◽  
A.B. Karabalayeva ◽  
Sh.B. Abilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Reserve Capacity

Environmental pollution against the background of harsh climatic conditions greatly aggravates the situation, creates more difficult conditions for the organism to adapt to environmental factors, while reducing the reserve capacity of the organism. The problems of the Aral Sea, caused by irrational planning of the development of the region's economy, led to a decrease in sea level, a decrease in its volume, an increase in salt content in water, the growth of various diseases. Immunity is a set of protective reactions of the body, which are directed against genetically foreign substances. Antibodies are gammaglobulins, which have the ability to bind to homologous antigens, while causing lysis of microbes and penetrate physiological barriers. Monitoring of immunoglobulins of various classes, these studies are of particular relevance with the current situation. Keywords: immune system, region, Priaralye, immunoglobulins, antibodies

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document