scholarly journals INDICATORS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF RESIDENTS OF DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE ARAL SEA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
S.Zh. Ibadullayeva ◽  
◽  
N.S. Auezova ◽  
A.B. Karabalayeva ◽  
Sh.B. Abilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Reserve Capacity

Environmental pollution against the background of harsh climatic conditions greatly aggravates the situation, creates more difficult conditions for the organism to adapt to environmental factors, while reducing the reserve capacity of the organism. The problems of the Aral Sea, caused by irrational planning of the development of the region's economy, led to a decrease in sea level, a decrease in its volume, an increase in salt content in water, the growth of various diseases. Immunity is a set of protective reactions of the body, which are directed against genetically foreign substances. Antibodies are gammaglobulins, which have the ability to bind to homologous antigens, while causing lysis of microbes and penetrate physiological barriers. Monitoring of immunoglobulins of various classes, these studies are of particular relevance with the current situation. Keywords: immune system, region, Priaralye, immunoglobulins, antibodies

Possibilities of recombinant cytokines in the structure of training of highly qualified athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
S.P. Alpatov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

Serious sports achievements are associated with extreme impacts on the human body: psycho-emotional and physical loads of the training period, competitions requiring the mobilization of all the adaptive reserves of the body, changes in climatic conditions when athletes move long distances, adverse environmental factors leading to hypothermia. The combination of these factors has a depressing effect on the immune system. The emergence of immune disorders in athletes during periods of extreme physical and psycho-emotional stress made it possible to identify the mechanisms of adaptation failure and depletion of immunity reserves, which requires corrective measures. Roncoleukin® is a complete structural and functional analogue of endogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) and has the same spectrum of functional activity. It is able to compensate for the deficiency of IL-2 and reproduce its effects as one of the key components of the cytokine network.

scholarly journals Variation of Indicators of Newborn Physical Development as a Manifestation of Adaptive Self-Organization of Their Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
GV Chernova ◽  
VV Sidorov ◽  
LV Shiryaeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antenatal Period ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Many published data on variability of anthropometric characteristics of newborns related to the influence of adverse environmental factors during their antenatal development have been accumulated by now. The purpose of our work was to study the relationship between certain parameters of antenatal physical development of newborns and varying environmental and climatic conditions. Materials and methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken in the delivery room immediately after birth and then assessed against environmental and climatic characteristics of the antenatal period. Results: We established the relationship between the exposure to different environmental and climatic factors, including radiation, during the antenatal period and anthropometric characteristics of the examined newborns. We observed a quantitative variety of signs and found that the body mass was most “sensitive” to the impact of adverse environmental factors. At the same time, the phenogenetic analysis helped establish a significant effect of atmospheric pressure on the body mass. The effects of radiation exposure were, to a greater extent, associated with the signs of influence of both environmental (including the total and ultraviolet radiation – in 57.3 % and 67.8 % of cases, respectively) and genetic factors (in 42.7 % and 32.2 % of cases, respectively). Conclusion: The established genotype-environment effects of exposures to changing environmental and climatic conditions prove the importance of continuing longitudinal observations of the examined infants using a cytogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals Basic physiological mechanisms and adaptation reactions in the cold training of the organism in cold climate areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (77) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
M. M. Gorbunov ◽  
N. V. Korshunova ◽  
O. V. Yurechko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Positive Effect

The article presents the most significant literature data on the influence of hardening of a person on the possibilities of adaptive reactions of the body to low ambient temperatures. The most important functions of temperature receptors as an afferent link in the transmission of information, its correct processing and an adequate response of the body to the action of unfavorable environmental factors are shown. The review considers the main physiological reactions of the body to short-term and long-term exposure to cold. The processes of metabolic, vegetative, hormonal changes that help a person to adapt in terms of professional activity and living in harsh climatic conditions are described. The main principles of the hardening and training influence of environmental factors on a person are highlighted. The analysis of the literature data on the methods and methods of training the body’s resistance in case of its various dysfunctions in cold conditions is given. The positive effect of cold on the human body was studied. The article analyzes modern health-improving and cold training technologies. Methods are presented that combine cold training procedures with the use of drugs and physical exercises for faster and more effective adaptation to low temperatures.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC CHANGES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN RESIDING IN ECOLOGICALLY ADVERSE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147
Author(s):  
Sholpan BAKHTIYAROVA ◽  
Bolatbek ZHAKSYMOV ◽  
Unzira KAPYSHEVA ◽  
Oksana CHEREDNICHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Test Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Younger Generation

In Kazakhstan, due to the strengthening of the geopolitical role in the international arena and active industrial development, negative environmental impacts have intensified in recent years. Many regions are environmentally unfavorable and carry the risk of an increase in the incidence of living in these conditions of the population. Numerous deviations in the health of the community create the conditions for genetic polymorphism and the growth of certain groups of diseases characteristic of regions with environmental pollution. Long-term environmental pollution is the reason for the increase in the rate of the mutation process and the volume of the genetic load in the human population. The purpose of this study is to show the influence of dominant environmental factors in distant regions of Kazakhstan on cytogenetic disturbances in the body of the younger generation. Students from different schools aged 16 to 18 years living near the Semipalatinsk test site of the East Kazakhstan region and in the Aral region of the Kyzylorda region took part in the studies. The results of the study show that the oral epithelial cells in two-thirds of the examined adolescents living in environmentally unfavorable conditions either near the Semipalatinsk Test Site or in the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan revealed a wide range of cytogenetic disorders. The most significant percentage of violations associated with the formation of micronuclei, protrusions, and apoptosis, was detected in urban students living 150 km from the Semipalatinsk Test Site. When comparing the data of urban and rural students, the predominant development of cytological disorders was revealed, such as nuclear destruction (karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and apoptosis) in rural adolescents, which indicates the ongoing negative impact of the closed Semipalatinsk Test Site and the salinization of the Aral Sea on the health of the younger generation of children.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF INDICATORS OF ENDOCRINE REGULATION AND STATE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF ATHLETES-BIATLONISTS IN NATURAL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH. LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Andrey Vasilievich Dudko ◽  
◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Batantsev ◽  
Andrey Petrovich Koinosov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
The North

The article discusses the main features of physiological indicators in biathletes in the natural and climatic conditions of the North. The characteristic of specifi c natural conditions aff ecting the body of athletes is given. Some features of the organization of the training process are considered and information about the health indicators of biathletes trained in the conditions of the North is given

Immunoprophylaxis. Its role in sports medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
I.E. Starikov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

Achieving high results in sports directly depends on the biological characteristics of the athlete’s body and the state of his health, which, in turn, is determined by the adequate functioning of the integrative systems of the body: immune, endocrine and nervous. At the same time, modern sport is associated with the presence of many factors that adversely affect the state of the athlete’s immunity. These include physical activity that is on the verge of a person’s physiological capabilities, states of extreme psychological stress, changes in climatic-zone conditions when moving athletes over long distances, unfavorable environmental factors leading to hypothermia (the same stress). A decrease in the activity of the immune system leads to the emergence of immune dysfunctions, as a result of which the risk of the occurrence of infectious colds and exacerbation of chronic pathology significantly increases. The presence of these facts indicates the need for the prophylactic use of immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Healthy Microbiota and Natural Functional Nutrition: Humoral and Cellular Immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 127-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Human Immune

The human immune system and microbiota jointly evolve, and their balanced systemic interaction occurs throughout life. This close association of both overall composition and microbiota richness plays an important role in modulating host immunity and can influence the immune response in vaccination. The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. A new managed healthy biomicrobiota and personalized functional and balanced “brain and microbiota” nutrition is a patient’s long-term medical program that allows the combined use of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacepigenetics, and most importantly, the prevention of polypharmacy. A functional food product using biomarkers and artificial intelligence technologies is a targeted nutrient medium for both the body as a whole and biomicrobiota in particular. Lifestyle and environmental factors leave epigenetic traces on our DNA that affect gene expression, some have protective effects and others are harmful. Genetic and epigenetic factors that ensure longevity and super-longevity require a reasonable new interaction with nature and society, and responsibility for future healthy generations. In the studies of P. I. Romanchuk, it was shown that an increase in the average life expectancy of a person and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of the neural network interaction of the human brain with artificial intelligence. The microbiota is a key element potentially capable of affecting antigen functions to elicit a protective immune response and the ability of the immune system to adequately respond to antigenic stimulation (vaccine efficacy) by acting as an immunological modulator as well as a natural vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system play a crucial role, especially at an early age (early gut microbiota forms immunological functions). New interactions, along with other genetic and environmental factors, lead to a certain composition and richness of the microbiota, which can diversify the individual response to vaccinations. Variations in microbial communities may partly explain the geographical heterogeneity in vaccination success, and a deep understanding of this dynamics may be a tool for improving immunization strategies.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Petropavlovsky ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav V. Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila S. Vikulova ◽  
Olga D. Chepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

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