scholarly journals KAZAKHSTAN’S NUCLEAR GOVERNANCE AS A FOREIGN POLICY ASSET

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
K. Velichkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Development ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Enriched Uranium ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

Kazakhstan’s nonproliferation initiatives are recognized worldwide. Kazakhstan is a party to almost all major nuclear treaties, a key driver in the creation of a Central Asian nuclear-weapon-free zone, initiated the Universal Declaration on Building a World Free of Nuclear Weapons, established a low-enriched uranium bank under the auspices of the IAEA in Ust-Kamenogorsk to be used for peaceful purposes in the event of a disruption in the supply of fuel for nuclear power plants.While the foreign policy acts of Kazakhstan in non-proliferation are well known and internationally appreciated, the transfer of Kazakh experience in the governance of the nuclear sector is lesser known asset. For example, the experience of the Committee for Atomic and Energy Supervision and Control and KAZATOMPROM in uranium mining and transport was shared with countries from the Southern African Development Community, under an EU project, implemented by the International Science and Technology Center. This example reveals the great potential this themes have for the further input of Kazakhstan in international development cooperation.

scholarly journals Las fuentes internas de la política de cooperación Sur-Sur al desarrollo de Argentina: Política Exterior, desarrollo /The domestic sources of South-South Development Cooperation Policy of Argentina: foreign policy, development and institutional framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-235
Author(s):  
Bernabé Malacalza
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Development ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Domestic Sources ◽  
International Development Cooperation

Actualmente, el renacimiento del Análisis de Política Exterior en países latinoamericanos está creando un subcampo abierto a influencias disciplinares y vinculado a nuevos temas de la agenda internacional. Sin embargo, el estudio de la influencia de las fuentes internas en la agenda de cooperación al desarrollo permanece inexplorado. Este artículo aspira a completar parcialmente ese vacío al abordar la cooperación Sur-Sur para el desarrollo de Brasil y la Argentina en el post-Consenso de Washington. El principal foco es analizar esta política pública sujeta al influjo del ambiente interno, las percepciones de los actores, las orientaciones sobre el desarrollo y el entramado institucional. Palabras clave: Cooperación Sur-Sur, Análisis de Política Exterior, Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo.Abstract: The study of the influence of domestic sources in the agenda setting of international development cooperation has not been consolidated as an interest of research yet within the field of International Relations. This article attempts to close partially this loophole by addressing the domestic sources of South-South Development Cooperation (SSDC) policy of Argentina. The main focus is to analyze this public policy with its particular characteristics, restrained by the changing challenges and opportunities of the international environment, and also by the domestic system since 2001, where actors articulate ideas, beliefs and perceptions about the foreign policy and the development within an institutional framework that posed alternatives and limitations.Key Words: South-South Cooperation, Foreign Policy Analysis, International Development Cooperation.  DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n2p198-235 

7. Brazil and the multipolar world

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Development ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Health It ◽  
Peaceful Resolution ◽  
Almost All

‘Brazil and the multipolar world’ examines Brazil’s foreign policy tradition. Brazil has a strong diplomatic tradition that emphasizes moderation, the peaceful resolution of conflicts, and Brazil’s ability to seek consensus by maintaining dialogue with almost all other states. Indeed, Brazil usually positions itself in favour of moderate reform of the institutions of global governance and as a gentle critic of the inequalities and injustices of the international system. The chapter then describes Brazilian contributions to global politics in areas such as international development, the environment, security, and global health. It also looks at the rupture promoted by the Bolsonaro administration in 2019.

scholarly journals Cooperation on food security with Africa as an instrument of Brazil’s Foreign Policy (2003-2010)/Cooperação em segurança alimentar com a África como um instrumento de política externa brasileira (2003-2010)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-581
Author(s):  
Felipe Leal Ribeiro de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Food Security ◽  
International Development ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
World Order ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
South American ◽  
Emerging Powers ◽  
International Development Cooperation

In a context of growing interdependence, diversified possibilities for emerging powers to act and more commonly perceived transcendence of domestic subjects to the international arena, Brazil is a singular player: it is facing relevant internal transformations that allow the development of policies for mitigating historic inequalities, such as the ones to fight hunger and poverty; and aims at assuming greater responsibilities in an international arena characterized by growing multipolarity. Brazil’s diplomatic corps tries to show the country as a necessary interlocutor and negotiator for the establishment of a more just and democratic world order. In this sense, many public policies associated with the agendas comprised by the concept of food security are instrumentalized by the policymakers as a means to assemble legitimacy, political support and economic opportunities for the South American powerhouse. These dynamics are clearly observed in the relations between Brazil and its African partners, which will be the focus of this paper.Keywords: Brazilian foreign policy; International development cooperation; Brazil-Africa relations; Lula da Silva’s government; food security.   Resumo: Em contexto de crescente interdependência, diversificadas possibilidades da atuação para potências emergentes e transcendência mais perceptível de questões domésticas para a arena internacional, o Brasil é ator singular: passa por transformações internas relevantes que permitem o desenvolvimento de políticas como as de combate à fome e à pobreza, voltadas para a mitigação de desigualdades históricas; e busca assumir maiores responsabilidades em arena internacional caracterizada por crescente multipolaridade. O corpo diplomático brasileiro busca mostrar o país como um interlocutor e negociador necessário para o estabelecimento de ordem global mais justa e democrática. Nesse sentido, variadas políticas públicas associadas com as agendas envolvidas pelo conceito de segurança alimentar são instrumentalizadas pelos formuladores de política externa como um meio de assegurar legitimidade, apoios políticos e oportunidades econômicas para o país sul-americano. Tais dinâmicas são claramente observadas nas relações entre o Brasil e seus parceiros africanos, assunto que será o tema desse artigo.Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; Cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento; Relações Brasil-África; Governo Lula da Silva; Segurança alimentar.  DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n3p558-581

scholarly journals US Multilateral Aid in Transition: Implications for Development Cooperation

2020 ◽  
pp. 499-516
Author(s):  
Tony Pipa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Multilateral Aid ◽  
Specific Interests ◽  
Trump Administration

AbstractThe United States, whose leadership through the Marshall Plan created the basis for modern-day development cooperation, has veered abruptly from its traditional role. An analysis of US funding trends shows that it has increasingly shifted from collective to specific interests, even as it has increased its multilateral aid. The United States is now actively shunning multilateral settings as part of its America First foreign policy, even when multilateral policies reinforce the international development priorities of the Trump administration, and its growing geopolitical competition with China is spilling into development assistance. This chapter explores the implications for development cooperation and whether these changes signal a more durable shift in US perspective.

A Novel More Reliable and Extensible Architecture of Instrumentation and Control Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqiao Zhou ◽  
Chao Guo ◽  
Duo Li ◽  
Xiaojin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Digital Instrumentation ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Computing Performance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

Digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems are widely used in many industrial areas. In the recent years, the digitalization process for nuclear power plants has also been moving on rapidly. Full digital I&C systems are now adopted in almost all new constructed nuclear power plants. The architecture of a digital I&C system plays a pivotal role for the safety, reliability and security of the whole nuclear power plant. Moreover, for the advanced small modular reactors, both the reliability and extensibility of I&C systems are especially required. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new architecture of the digital I&C systems based on the developed computing performance and communication technology. The control units and the data servers in the new proposed architecture are decentralized and working in a mutually redundant and distributed computing/storage way. Thus the architecture is with a flexible extensibility. Moreover, other control units or data servers can take over the functions of a certain number of failed ones. This characteristic benefits the system’s reliability significantly. The reliability of the new architecture is theoretically evaluated and the results demonstrate that it is much higher than that of the traditional architecture of I&C systems.

Impact of Macroeconomic Fluctuations on International Development Cooperation Policies: Paradoxes of Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
V. Bartenev
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Macroeconomic Fluctuations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Donor Behavior ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Development Cooperation

The "age of austerity", which followed the global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009 and the Eurozone debt crisis, has substantially increased a scholarly interest in domestic determinants of international development cooperation policies, and especially in the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations – changes in GDP per capita, output gap, unemployment rates, budget deficit levels, etc. – on aid efforts. Numerous rigorous studies have followed one another, and a whole new strand of literature has come into being. Almost all distinguished scholars run complex multivariate regressions, using trustworthy OECD data and econometric techniques, including the most advanced ones, but their findings appear extremely contradictory and even puzzling. This paper provides an in-depth survey of this novel strand of literature, which yet remains totally unknown to the Russian development community. It comes to a conclusion that this heterogeneity of results can be partially explained by apparent differences in data (samples of donors, time spans, and dependent variables – disbursements vs. commitments, gross ODA vs. net ODA), and also by the fact that none of studies (even the most recent ones) examine the "age of austerity" and its impact on the aid flows. Paradoxically unconvincing results hint at an apparent flaw in general methodological approaches failing to account for an inherent interdependence between external and internal factors of donor behavior, on one hand, and socio-political/economic variables, on the other hand. Another deficiency seems to be the scholars’ exclusive focus on aid efforts and their unwillingness to examine the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations not only on donor generosity, but also on the aid management and trends in allocation of aid across different regions, sectors, types, modalities and channels as well. This opens up a distinctive path for future research based on comparative in-depth studies of various country cases, using predominantly qualitative methods. Acknowledgements. The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project № 15-07-00061.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI INDONESIA DALAM HUBUNGAN SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PERIODE 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Naufal Dzikri
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Development ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
International Development Cooperation

Indonesia as a developing country that embraces foreign policy that is free and active, participates in the development of other developing countries in South-South Cooperation. This participation is also stated in the mandate for the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution to enhance Indonesia's role in international development cooperation. Indonesia's contribution is an interesting thing to discuss because Indonesia as one of the developing countries contributes quite significantly to other countries. In this journal, it uses qualitative research methods which are sourced from existing literature and data. The results of this discussion can be seen that the assistance that Indonesia provides is more in the form of services and in the form of seminar programs. This discussion focuses on the assistance that Indonesia provided during the period of President Joko Widodo, especially in 2016-2018. The focus of the assistance that Indonesia provides is Asian countries, especially the South Pacific region. This is because there is an interest that Indonesia carries in carrying out SSC assistance for the region. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang yang menganut politik luar negeri yang bersifat bebas dan aktif, turut serta dalam pembangunan negara berkembang lainnya dalam South-South Cooperation. Partisipasi ini juga seperti yang tertuang dalam amanat Pembukaan UUD 1945 untuk meningkatkan peran Indonesia dalam kerja sama pembangunan internasional. Kontribusi Indonesia menjadi hal yang menarik untuk dibahas karena Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang memberikan kontribusi yang cukup berpengaruh bagi negara lainnya. Jurnal ini dalam pembuatannya menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersumber kepada literature maupun data-data yang sudah ada. Hasil dari pembahasan ini dapat dilihat bahwasannya bantuan yang Indonesia berikan lebih bersifat berupa jasa dan berbentuk program-program seminar. Pembahasan ini berfokus pada bantuan yang Indonesia berikan pada masa Periode Presiden Joko Widodo, khususnya pada tahun 2016-2018. Fokus dari bantuan yang Indonesia berikan adalah negara Asia khususnya kawasan Pasifik Selatan. Hal ini karena terdapat kepentingan yang Indonesia bawa dalam melakukan bantuan SSC bagi kawasan tersebut.

scholarly journals An Investigation Into the Livelihoods Strategies of Informal Women Traders in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Takaza ◽  
Chipo Chitereka
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽  
Flea Markets ◽  
And Control

Abstract This article investigated the livelihoods strategies used by various informal women traders doing business in the Hare Business Districts of the Harare Province. The study was informed by the Sustainable Livelihood Approach proffered by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Division (SIDA, 2001) for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis. A quantitative and qualitative research design was utilized and data was gathered through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and direct observations during transect walks. The objectives of the study was to; identify micro-credit schemes used by the informal women traders doing business at flea markets, explore the livelihoods of microcredit schemes as pathways towards poverty eradication and finally determine possible interventions and sustainable strategies that could be used for the informal women traders. The study revealed that women informal traders engaged in diverse activities for sustainable livelihoods strategies that eradicate poverty. Numerous informal women traders face staid livelihoods challenges, resulting in them living in dire poverty. The study calls on Government and financing institutions to finance them for local empowerment as well as gain access and control of available livelihoods resources in a meaningful way. Thus comprehensive policy interventions and sustainable strategies would enable informal women traders doing business at flea markets to eradicate poverty in Zimbabwe.

South-South cooperation and foreign policy: Challenges and dilemmas in the perception of Brazilian diplomats

2020 ◽  
pp. 004711782092090
Author(s):  
Carlos R. S. Milani ◽  
Magno Klein
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Development ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Political Conditionality ◽  
Political Ground ◽  
Domestic Affairs

Brazil’s government has historically engaged with other developing countries to promote technical cooperation. Since the 1988 federal Constitution, different presidents have paid attention to this foreign policy agenda. However, it was particularly under the Workers’ Party’s administrations (2003–2016) that South-South cooperation (SSC) gained political ground, rooted in official principles of South-South solidarity, horizontality, non-interference in domestic affairs, and the defence of a multipolar world-vision. In this article, based on the argument that international development cooperation (IDC) is a key instrument of a country’s economic diplomacy, we analyse the perceptions of Brazilian diplomats about SSC in order to understand Brazil’s interests and motivations in this field. Methodologically, the article discusses the main results of a survey conducted between 25 August and 23 September 2016 among 349 Brazilian individuals, who correspond to approximately 22 per cent of Brazil’s active diplomats. The survey results showed that Brazilian diplomats generally have a favourable perception on Brazil’s SSC programmes, and that a great majority of them has already acted in SSC activities. Still, the issue of political conditionality brings in cleavages, indicating that there is a large group of Brazilian diplomats who openly support SSC as an instrument of national interests and not because of the official narratives related to a ‘solidarity with the South’ or ‘the promotion of human rights’. As a consequence, with the exception of perceptions on political conditionalities and economic criteria, the majority of diplomats share commonalities that also correspond to the government’s official rhetoric between 2003 and 2016. This article is structured around the following three sections: (1) South-South cooperation as a foreign policy agenda, (2) Diplomats as agents of Brazil’s South-South cooperation and (3) Presenting and discussing the perceptions of Brazilian diplomats.

The Peaceful Atom as Political Weapon: Euratom and American Foreign Policy in the Late 1950s

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Krige
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
State Department ◽  
The State ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Enriched Uranium ◽  
Political Weapon

The U.S. emerged from World War II as the world's leading scientific and technological nation, consolidating its advantage for the next two or three decades. This paper describes how the State Department used the nation's dominance in the nuclear field, inherited from the Manhattan Project, to divert the resources of Western European states, notably France and Germany, into a civilian nuclear power program undertaken by a new supranational organization, Euratom. The determination on the continent to re-launch the European integration process in 1955, the Suez crisis in 1956, and the launch of the Sputniks in 1957 were opportunities ably exploited by officers in the State Department to use America's scientific, technological, and industrial depth in nuclear power as a political weapon. To this end they withheld the supply of enriched uranium for as long as possible from nations that wanted the fuel through bilateral agreements with the Atomic Energy Commission. In parallel they offered nuclear materials and know how, along with economic and political incentives, to encourage nations to commit to Euratom. This policy was strongly opposed by senior officials in the AEC and in the fledgling International Atomic Energy Agency, as well in Britain and in some continental countries, but to no avail. Though the State Department's efforts eventually bore little fruit, the paper clearly shows how U.S. leadership in science and technology was mobilized to promote America's foreign policy agenda in Western Europe in the early Cold War.

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