Formulation and Evaluation of Triclosan Dispersible Tablets for Oral Hygiene

2021 ◽  
pp. 3202-3208
Author(s):  
Mayuri Konda ◽  
Kukkdapu Pavan Kumar ◽  
Neela Swapna ◽  
Chinnala Krishna Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Dispersible Tablet ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Dispersible Tablets ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Microbial Attack

In human anatomy mouth is the earliest segment of alimentary canal which receives food and fabricates saliva, and is one of the foundation for bacterial development due to accretion of sugars form food chunks. There have been more than 300 kinds of bacteria set up in the mouth. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the number of microbes’ grown-up at different timings of the day by collecting the samples from individual volunteer oral cavities and counting the colonies; the utmost count was noted as in the range of 190-200 in the evening samples. The same samples were used to calculate minimum inhibitory concentration of Triclosan, the antibiotic formulated for oral hygiene. Triclosan dilutions were prepared and analyzed for the inhibition zones, it resulted that 300mg of the drug have shown satisfactory results. Triclosan was formulated into a dispersible tablet to enable dispersion of tablet into water for rinsing the oral cavity to remove the contaminants. The Dispersion time of the tablet was within the range of 43.66-111.33 second and it was observed that formulation was acceptable with reasonable limits of standard required for dispersible tablets. Addition of superdisintegrant enhanced the dispersion time which facilitates easy mixing of tablet in water. It concludes that superdisintegrant addition technique is a useful method for preparing dispersible tablets by wet granulation method, and Triclosan dispersible tablet further reduces the microbial attack on tooth by rinsing each time after meals, upon doing so on long term basis the dental decays will probably be eradicated.

scholarly journals Formulation and evaluation of Prednisolone retention enema as dispersible tablet and vehicle for the treatment of ulcerative colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Retention Enema ◽  
Dispersible Tablet ◽  
Dispersible Tablets

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation and damage in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that typically presents in the second or third decade of life with bloody diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate of Prednisolone retention enema as a dispersible tablet and it is suspended in suitable vehicle for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. In the present work, an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate Prednisolone retention enema as a dispersible tablet by using three different methods (direct compression (F1 to F3, wet granulation (F4 and F5) and slugging method (F6)). Prepared dispersible tablets were administered with the help of vehicle for the effective treatment of ulcerative colitis. Dispersible tablets were evaluated for various parameters. In vitro drug release and microbiological evaluation studies were performed to the best formulation in rectal suspension. Then the best formulation was subjected to carry out for stability studies at three different temperatures. Among the six formulations, F6 formulation showed better results. FT-IR study showed that there was no interaction between a drug and excipients. In vitro drug release and microbiological evaluation studies were performed for F6 formulation in rectal suspension. About 99.06 % of the drug was released at 60 min. and also it was found to be microbiologically stable. Results from the stability studies showed that F6 formulation alone and with rectal suspension was stable for a period of 90 days. It was concluded that F6 formulation in rectal suspension possesses a promising future for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Quarantine in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451
Author(s):  
Soumya Singhai ◽  
Gargi Nimbulkar ◽  
Ashwika Datey ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽  
Amit Reche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ethical Implication ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
First Case ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus is a rapidly emerging infectious disease of respiratory tract which has been declared a pandemic by World health Organization. The virus spread quickly between close contacts or thought coughing and sneezing of the infected person. A few months after the first case was reported in Wuhan, China, the disease quickly turned into a pandemic. World health experts are already actively searching for a cure or vaccine for this disease, but before that, many countries around the world are considering mass quarantine measures as a method to combat its spread. This necessitates application of strict measures to control this pandemic. As of now there is no treatment to cure this disease. Therefore prevention of spread of disease remains the mainstay of combating it. One of the emergency public health measures that have been used extensively to control this pandemic is quarantine. Even though on long term basis, quarantine may have its advantages and disadvantages which has to be considered when practicing the same. This review focuses on rational behind the quarantine, its indications, the set-up or infrastructure required and the ethical implication for quarantine. It also reviews the psychological impact of quarantine and its effectiveness as a public health measure.

FAME: Fibre optic cables: an Alternative tool for Monitoring volcanic Events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jousset ◽  
Gilda Currenti ◽  
Rosalba Napoli ◽  
Charlotte Krawczyk ◽  
Michael Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcano Seismology ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Volcanic Monitoring ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Fibre Optic Cable ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Control Capability ◽  
Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Set Up

<p>In the framework of EUROVOLCs Trans-national grants, we propose the FAME project aiming at validating Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology as a complementary and alternative tool for monitoring volcanic and seismic activity at Etna volcano. DAS technology provides records of strain signals with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.</p><p>We deployed a fibre optic cable connected to an iDAS (Silixa) interrogator set-up at the Observatory Pizzi Deneri in the summit area. To allow for a continuously recording of the iDAS, a solar panel power system was designed using battery back-up and inverter to supply 200 W at 220 V/AC. An internet connection was set up for a full remote control capability. The iDAS interrogated a 1.5 km long fibre cable, buried at a depth of about 30 cm by digging a trench in Piano delle Concazze area. The DAS measurements were validated with conventional measurements from 26 broadband seismometers and 3 arrays of 3 infrasound sensors from the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP). We deployed instruments along the fibre optic cable, covering an area of about 0.1 km2. The DAS and conventional sensors acquired data from 4 July to 23 September 2019 without major interruptions.</p><p>Here, we show key features of this the extraordinary multidisciplinary dataset. Thanks to the high spatial resolution (2 m), we could find locations of hypothesized faults in Piano delle Concazze area. Thanks to the long acquisition period, we continuously tracked Etna activity, marked by several eruptive episodes, including ash emissions, strombolian and effusive activities from the summit craters. The most intense and sustained eruptive events occurred in 18-20 July, 27-28 July and 9-13 September. We investigate the application of well-established analysis techniques in volcano-seismology to DAS dataset in order to assess the performance of the system in detecting and characterizing volcanic events.</p><p>Our findings demonstrate that DAS technology can record on a long term basis volcanic activity, which suggests DAS technology can be integrated to volcanic monitoring systems.</p>

Socioeconomic Challenges faced by Basin’s People in India

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Biplab Tripathy ◽  
Tanmoy Mondal
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
High Tide ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Major River ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
Basin Area

India is a subcontinent, there huge no of people lived in river basin area. In India there more or less 80% of people directly or indirectly depend on River. Ganga, Brahamputra in North and North East and Mahanadi, Govabori, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmoda, Tapti, Mahi in South are the major river basin in India. There each year due to flood and high tide lots of people are suffered in river basin region in India. These problems destroy the socio economic peace and hope of the people in river basin. There peoples are continuously suffered by lots of difficulties in sort or in long term basis. Few basin regions are always in high alert at the time of monsoon seasons. Sometime due to over migration from basin area, it becomes empty and creates an ultimate loss of resources in India and causes a dis-balance situation in this area.

A Review on Recent Trends in Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Malolan Rajagopal ◽  
Abhishek Krishnan ◽  
Shweta Kolathur Sreerama
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution

Background: Depletion and contamination of environmental resources such as water, air and soil caused by human activities is an increasingly important challenge faced around the world. The consequences of environmental pollution are felt acutely by all living beings, both on a short and long-term basis, thereby making methods of remediation of environmental pollution an urgent requirement. Objectives: The objective of this review is to dissect the complications caused by environmental degradation, highlight advancements in the field of nanotechnology and to scrutinize its applications in environmental remediation. Furthermore, the review aims to concisely explain the merits and drawbacks of nanotechnology compared to existing methods. Conclusion: The current and potential applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposites in the prevention, control and reduction of air, water and soil pollution and the mechanisms involved have been elucidated, as have their various merits and demerits. The applications of nanotechnology in the fields of carbon capture and agriculture have also received attention in this review.

scholarly journals Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Birkás ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Gecse ◽  
K. Bordás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

scholarly journals Spectrum Based Power Management for Congested IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Kedir Mamo Besher ◽  
Juan Ivan Nieto-Hipolito ◽  
Raymundo Buenrostro-Mariscal ◽  
Mohammed Zamshed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Packet Routing ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

With constantly increasing demand in connected society Internet of Things (IoT) network is frequently becoming congested. IoT sensor devices lose more power while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. Currently, in most scenarios, the distributed IoT devices in use have no effective spectrum based power management, and have no guarantee of a long term battery life while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. This puts user information at risk, which could lead to loss of important information in communication. In this paper, we studied the extra power consumed due to retransmission of IoT data packet and bad communication channel management in a congested IoT network. We propose a spectrum based power management solution that scans channel conditions when needed and utilizes the lowest congested channel for IoT packet routing. It also effectively measured power consumed in idle, connected, paging and synchronization status of a standard IoT device in a congested IoT network. In our proposed solution, a Freescale Freedom Development Board (FREDEVPLA) is used for managing channel related parameters. While supervising the congestion level and coordinating channel allocation at the FREDEVPLA level, our system configures MAC and Physical layer of IoT devices such that it provides the outstanding power utilization based on the operating network in connected mode compared to the basic IoT standard. A model has been set up and tested using freescale launchpads. Test data show that battery life of IoT devices using proposed spectrum based power management increases by at least 30% more than non-spectrum based power management methods embedded within IoT devices itself. Finally, we compared our results with the basic IoT standard, IEEE802.15.4. Furthermore, the proposed system saves lot of memory for IoT devices, improves overall IoT network performance, and above all, decrease the risk of losing data packets in communication. The detail analysis in this paper also opens up multiple avenues for further research in future use of channel scanning by FREDEVPLA board.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and clinical evaluation of deferasirox formulations for treatment tailoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Piolatto ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
Sarah Allegra ◽  
Silvia De Francia ◽  
Giovanni Battista Ferrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Dispersible Tablets ◽  
One Year ◽  
Safety Features

AbstractDeferasirox (DFX) is the newest among three different chelators available to treat iron overload in iron-loading anaemias, firstly released as Dispersible Tablets (DT) and more recently replaced by Film-Coated Tablets (FCT). In this retrospective observational study, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety features of DFX treatment were analyzed in 74 patients that took both formulations subsequently under clinical practice conditions. Bioavailability of DFX FCT compared to DT resulted higher than expected [Cmax: 99.5 (FCT) and 69.7 (DT) μMol/L; AUC: 1278 (FCT) and 846 (DT), P < 0.0001]. DFX FCT was also superior in scalability among doses. After one year of treatment for each formulation, no differences were observed between the treatments in the overall iron overload levels; however, DFX FCT but not DT showed a significant dose–response correlation [Spearman r (dose-serum ferritin variation): − 0.54, P < 0.0001]. Despite being administered at different dosages, the long-term safety profile was not different between formulations: a significant increase in renal impairment risk was observed for both treatments and it was reversible under strict monitoring (P < 0.002). Altogether, these data constitute a comprehensive comparison of DFX formulations in thalassaemia and other iron-loading anaemias, confirming the effectiveness and safety characteristics of DFX and its applicability for treatment tailoring.

Preventative Child Welfare Services in Victoria

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Brian Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Child Welfare Services ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Voluntary Agencies

The idea of prevention in child welfare is not new. The prevention of substitute placement of children whether on a temporary or long-term basis has been a fundamental principle of child welfare we have held to for many years in Victoria.However, it is only in the last decade that this principle is actually being carried out in practice by a number of voluntary agencies. For many children placement is still commonly used as a solution it is easier to place a child than to promote change within many multi-deficit families.

scholarly journals "Communist" dispossession meets "reactionary" resistance

Focaal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (54) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Projit Bihari Mukharji
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
Set Up

The reflections in this article were instigated by the repeated and brutal clashes since 2007 between peasants and the state government’s militias—both official and unofficial—over the issue of industrialization. A communist government engaging peasants violently in order to acquire and transfer their lands to big business houses to set up capitalist enterprises seemed dramatically ironic. De- spite the presence of many immediate causes for the conflict, subtle long-term change to the nature of communist politics in the state was also responsible for the present situation. This article identifies two trends that, though significant, are by themselves not enough to explain what is happening in West Bengal today. First, the growth of a culture of governance where the Communist Party actively seeks to manage rather than politicize social conflicts; second, the recasting of radical political subjectivity as a matter of identity rather than an instigation for critical self-reflection and self-transformation.

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