Quarantine in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451
Author(s):  
Soumya Singhai ◽  
Gargi Nimbulkar ◽  
Ashwika Datey ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽  
Amit Reche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ethical Implication ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
First Case ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus is a rapidly emerging infectious disease of respiratory tract which has been declared a pandemic by World health Organization. The virus spread quickly between close contacts or thought coughing and sneezing of the infected person. A few months after the first case was reported in Wuhan, China, the disease quickly turned into a pandemic. World health experts are already actively searching for a cure or vaccine for this disease, but before that, many countries around the world are considering mass quarantine measures as a method to combat its spread. This necessitates application of strict measures to control this pandemic. As of now there is no treatment to cure this disease. Therefore prevention of spread of disease remains the mainstay of combating it. One of the emergency public health measures that have been used extensively to control this pandemic is quarantine. Even though on long term basis, quarantine may have its advantages and disadvantages which has to be considered when practicing the same. This review focuses on rational behind the quarantine, its indications, the set-up or infrastructure required and the ethical implication for quarantine. It also reviews the psychological impact of quarantine and its effectiveness as a public health measure.

scholarly journals CURRENT SITUATION OF COVID-19 AND VACCINATION IN PAKISTAN: JULY 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irum Naureen ◽  
Ayesha Saleem ◽  
Attique Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19is thought to be expended in Pakistan. On February 26, 2020 first case was reported in Karachi. On January 30 world health organization (WHO) coronavirus outbreak on the sixth public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)announced that coronavirus is epidemic. WHO set up an instructive program planned to control the increase rate of COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 spread very fastly from person to person within few days and months leads to increase rate of Patients. According to latest updated report 2,452 confirmed coronavirus cases were reported in Pakistan. According to the report: 49,503 test were positive: 4.95% deaths (30 persons died) and 903 recoveries were recorded. Overall the Active Cases 48,850 and critical cases 24 in last 24 hours reported. Coronavirus cases were reported in Punjab 350,618 deaths 10,881 and recoveries 329,756. In Sindh confirmed cases were 356,929 deaths 5,720 and recoveries 320,600. In KPK confirmed cases reported 140,818 deaths 4,386 recoveries 134,144. Balochistan recorded report of confirmed cases 29,110 deaths 319 and recoveries 27,261. AJK reported confirmed cases 22,116 deaths 601 and recoveries 19,995 while in GB confirmed cases recorded 7,414 deaths 117 and recoveries 6, 432. Six vaccines approved in Pakistan Sinopharm, Cansino, Sinovic, sputnik, AstraZeneca, and Moderna (mRna-1273). Pakistan total dose administered 22,735,993 fully vaccinated 4.550,696 and partially vaccinated 18,185,297. Vaccination start on 3 February and 18 above start on June 3. It was observed that COVID-19 cases increases due to traveling from one country to another country. In Pakistan COVID-19 cases is high due to importation and traveling to meet other peoples that suffer in diseases. Pakistan need to follow high and good precautions rules and strict step in order to decrease the COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Awareness of Coronavirus Disease From Conception to Delivery: Antenatal Mental Journey Breaking Anxiety During Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Merve Erbiyik Palalioglu ◽  
Ozan Karadeniz ◽  
Gokce Ipek Aytok ◽  
Batuhan Palalioglu ◽  
Gizem Nur Koyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
First Case ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease on women sensitized by pregnancy after the first case was confirmed in Turkey, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. This study also intends to help developing preventive measures for pregnants, reducing infection incidence, developing solutions to protect public health, and establishing whether pregnants have sufficient knowledge and awareness to manage this situation. Methods This prospective study was conducted at two centers. A total of 529 pregnant women from all three trimesters were given questionnaires that consisted of 51 original questions. Results The period when anxiety was highest was the 2nd trimester, whereas women in the 1st trimester had the lowest level of anxiety. High levels of awareness were observed in patients with heart disease, but patients with diabetes mellitus had a high level of anxiety. There was a statistically significant correlation between anxiety and awareness scores of the coronavirus disease. Conclusion The treatment and the long-term effects of the coronavirus disease remain unknown. It is important to maintain the mental and physical health of pregnants, who are in a more delicate condition in the society.

scholarly journals Progress of COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijah Abid ◽  
Yashfika Abdul Bari ◽  
Maryam Younas ◽  
Sehar Tahir Javaid ◽  
Abira Imran
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Shed Light

The outbreak of corona virus initiated as pneumonia of unknown cause in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which has been now spreading rapidly out of Wuhan to other countries. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), and on March 11, 2020, the WHO announced coronavirus as pandemic. Coronavirus is thought to be increasing in Pakistan. The first case of coronavirus was reported from Karachi on February 26, 2020, with estimated populace of Pakistan as 204.65 million. Successively, the virus spreads into various regions nationwide and has currently become an epidemic. The WHO has warned Pakistan that the country could encounter great challenge against the outbreak of coronavirus in the coming days. This short communication is conducted to shed light on the epidemic of coronavirus in the country. It would aid in emphasizing the up-to-date situation in a nutshell and the measures taken by the health sector of Pakistan to abate the risk of communication.

scholarly journals Use of hydroxychloroquine for novel corona virus infection in India: is it ethically justifiable?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Vinod Chayal ◽  
Meenakshi Kalhan ◽  
Rohit Dhaka ◽  
Ginni Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Corona Viruses

Coronavirus disease is caused by a novel virus belonging to the family of corona viruses similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and  name given to the novel virus as SARS Coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease was named as COVID-19 on 11th February 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). First case of this infection was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China and after that it spread globally.3 On 30th January 2020, WHO declared this disease as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and on 11th March 2020, WHO declared it as a pandemic when the infection was reported from all six WHO regions.

scholarly journals Adapting for the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, a characterization of hospital strategies and patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garzon-Chavez ◽  
Daniel Romero-Alvarez ◽  
Marco Bonifaz ◽  
Juan Gaviria ◽  
Daniel Mero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Health Demand ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on March 11th. In Ecuador, the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on February 29th. Despite efforts to control its spread, SARS-CoV-2 overrun the Ecuadorian public health system which became one of the most affected in Latin America with 22,719 cases reported up to April, 24th. Public health control measures, including social distancing and lockdowns, were implemented at different times in the biggest cities of the country: Guayaquil and Quito. The Hospital General del Sur de Quito (HGSQ) had to transition from a general to a specific COVID-19 health center in a short period of time to fulfill the health demand from patients with respiratory afflictions. Here, we summarized the implementations applied in the HGSQ to become a COVID-19 exclusive hospital, including the rearrangement of hospital rooms and a triage strategy based on a severity score calculated through an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted chest computed tomography (CT). Moreover, we present clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 75 laboratory tested COVID-19 patients, which represent the first outbreak of Quito city.

scholarly journals WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e2020013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngmee Jee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Health Regulations ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Regulations

To discuss whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), World Health Organization (WHO) organized the 15-member International Health Regulations Emergency Committee (EC). On January 22-23 and January 30, 2020, EC convened and discussed whether the situation in China and other countries would constitute PHEIC and issued recommendations for WHO, China and the international community. Based on the recommendations of EC, WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a PHEIC. One of the purposes of the declaration of PHEIC was to alarm countries with weak public health infrastructures to prepare promptly for emerging infectious diseases (EID) and provide WHO with a framework for proactively supporting those countries. On February 3, 2020, WHO proposed the 2019 COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, which includes accelerating research and development (R&D) processes as one of three major strategies. On February 11-12, 2020, WHO held the Global Research and Innovation Forum: Towards a Research Roadmap for COVID-19. The fact that a COVID-19 R&D forum was the first meeting convened after the PHEIC declaration testifies to the importance of R&D in response to EID. Korea has demonstrated a remarkable capacity in its laboratory response by conducting high-throughput COVID-19 testing and utilizing innovative drive-through samplings. These measures for early detection and screening of cases should be followed by full efforts to produce research-based evidence by thoroughly analyzing epidemiological, clinical and immunological data, which will facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. It is expected that Korea plays a global partner for COVID-19 research by actively participating in immediate and mid/long-term priorities jointly led by WHO and global partners.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Italian Healthcare Workers From the Initial Sacrifice to the mRNA Vaccine: Pandemic Chrono-History, Epidemiological Data, Ethical Dilemmas, and Future Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Nioi ◽  
Pietro Emanuele Napoli ◽  
Jessica Lobina ◽  
Maurizio Fossarello ◽  
Ernesto d'Aloja
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
The Media ◽  
Health Organization

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. Simultaneously, in Italy, in which the first case had occurred on February 18, the rigid phase of the lockdown began. The country has attracted worldwide attention, becoming at the same time a field of study both concerning the spread of the pandemic and advanced assessments of the effectiveness of political, public health, and therapeutic measures. The protagonists of the Italian crisis were the healthcare workers (HCWs) who were exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without having any perception of what they were facing, courageously contributing to the containment of the epidemic to be defined by the media as “heroes.” However, in the first phase of the pandemic (March–May 2020), the price that the Italian Public Health System had to pay both in terms of the number of positive virus cases and deaths among the HCWs was beyond and represented a peculiarity compared to what happened in other countries. In the current study, after a summary of the evolution of the pandemic in Italy, we offer an analysis of the statistical data concerning contagions and deaths among healthcare workers (physicians in particular). In conclusion, we describe the critical issues that still need to be resolved and the future challenges facing healthcare workers and the general population.

scholarly journals Frontline Nursing Care: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Brazilian Health System

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237796082096377
Author(s):  
Alisson Fernandes Bolina ◽  
Emiliana Bomfim ◽  
Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
World Health ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nursing Professionals

Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are constant challenges for global public health. After the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been the focus of attention for scientists, governments and populations worldwide. In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was identified on February 26 2020, being the first country in Latin America to have affected patients. Almost four months later, more than one million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been identified in the country, and the virus has spread across all 27 states and is responsible for at least 48,954 deaths until June 19, 2020. In addition, a global outbreak requires the active participation of the nursing workforce in clinical care, education, and sharing of accurate information of public health and policies. This year is particularly important for Nursing, as 2020 is the international year for Nursing and Midwifery Professionals. Nursing professionals corresponds to more than half of the health workforce in the country, being crucial in implementing public health policies and programs. Nurses and frontline health care workers have a critical role in the COVID-19 prevention and response, not only by providing direct assistance to patients and communities, but also in the implementation of health promotion and prevention strategies. Hence, we provide a reflection on the strengths and weaknesses of how the nursing profession is engaged with the COVID-19 response in Brazil.

scholarly journals When will the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia End?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Susanna
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Closed Contact ◽  
Health Organization

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization(WHO) declared 2019-nCOV to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), due to the significant increase in confirmed new cases in various countries.1 In Indonesia, the first confirmed COVID-19 case was a female who had a closed contact with the 24th confirmed case in Malaysia and the second case was the mother of the first case.2 As time goes by, the number of new cases has increased significantly, reaching 160.165 confirmed cases with 6,944 deaths by August 27, 2020.3 The time when the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia will end is not known, although some studies are attempting to predict this such as in articles, journals, newspapers, and other media.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception, Practices and Preparedness in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace I. Olasehinde ◽  
Paul A. Akinduti ◽  
Olayemi O. Akinnola ◽  
Abiodun F. Ipadeola ◽  
Glory P. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
First Case ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Since Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 30th of January, 2020. Nigeria, with 343 cases and 10 deaths as at April 14, 2020 is classified as one of the countries at high risk of importation of the disease from China. The ability to limit and control local transmission after importation depends on the application and execution of strict measures of detection, prevention and control. The initial response of some percentage of the population was of doubt due to the ignorance of the far-reaching effect of the virus. More than 1,700 leaders of religious groups and communities in all 36 States and FCT were therefore sensitized to increase awareness level and consequences of COVID-19 among the populace. Major response activities were initiated before the first case was reported and were upgraded within weeks after the number of cases began to rise. Based on previous experience of perception, and awareness of other viral disease outbreaks, COVID-19 infection prevention and control interventions recommended by WHO are yet to be fully entrenched in the Nigerian public health system in order to reduce the general risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 from infected individuals. There is therefore the need to execute strict measures of detection, prevention and control and drive compliance with the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and WHO guidelines in Nigeria.

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