Bacterial Isolates and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Ear Infections in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 6503-6506
Author(s):  
Hiyam Raaof Al-Hamamy ◽  
Wafaa Hazim Salih ◽  
Nada H. Al-Mudallal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Background: Ear infections can manifest in many forms depending on site of infection whether external, middle or internal ear and the culprit pathogen whether viral, bacterial or fungal. Acute middle ear infections are usually accompanied by aural discharge. Objective: 1. To get an overview on the bacterial pathogens involved in ear infections. 2. To assess the antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital / Baghdad /Iraq. Swabs taken from 225 patients suffering from aural discharge were tested for culture and sensitivity for the duration of two years 2018-2019. Aural discharge is cultured by inoculating it into blood, MacConkey agar, chocolate agars and Sabouraud agar (for fungi). Then the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance is assessed by (Kirby-Bauer Method). Results: Then, by analyzing the percentage of pathogens involved in ear infections we have found that the highest percentage is for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (51%), followed by Staph, aureus (20%), Proteus vulgaris (11%). Discussion: Cefotaxime, which was known to be an efficient antibiotic against pseudomonas previously, has lost its effectiveness. Similarly, gentamycin is no longer effective against E.coli. Conclusion: Choosing the proper antibiotic in any bacterial infection is of tremendous importance. However, reassessment of antibiotic resistance profiles is vital and should be regarded as a routine task on regular intervals.

scholarly journals Development of Antibiogram for Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: a Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANOJ SRIHARI DIKKAT ◽  
Firdosh Mansuri ◽  
Madhuri Chaudhari ◽  
Anant Marathe ◽  
Jitendra Vaghasiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Culture Sensitivity ◽  
Local Antibiotic

Abstract Background: Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of increasing number of cases of antibiotic resistance worldwide. So there is need of effective implementation of the treatment strategy to rationalize the antimicrobial use in the treatment of infectious disease. So the present study is aims to attempts to find the local antibiotic resistance, various microorganism responsible for infection using the antibiogram in the tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to check the Antibiotic resistance pattern based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria at Parul Sevasharam Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat. Total 150 patients were included in study, culture sensitivity test and bacterial identification was done as per the microbiology department standard guidelines. Patient’s data regarding to demographic details, culture sensitivity test results and prescribed antibiotics was collected for 6 months’ duration from October 2019 to March 2020. Results: Total 150 samples were collected throughout the study period of six months in the various departments in the hospital. The main finding of our study,greater resistance found in Ceftriaxone (78%), Meropenem (71%), Azithromycin (66%), linezolid (66%), Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (63%), Ciprofloxacin (56%) of patients in these antibiotics. Greater susceptibility was found in Clindamycin (75%), Amikacin (65%), Piperacilline+tazobactum (62%), Cefoperazone (48%), ciprofloxacin (44%) of the patients. During our study, 20 antibiotics were commonly prescribed out of which ceftriaxone was most commonly prescribed in our study and which was found to most resistant in patient population. The most common bacteria identified in our study was gram negative bacteria in that E. Coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and KlebseillaPneuminiae was most commonly isolated.Conclusion: This study shows that there is increasing cases of antibiotic resistance identified in the hospital. Ceftriaxone is found to be most resistant in our study. So there is need of effective treatment strategies and use of antibiogram to find out the local antibiotic resistance pattern and to develop antibiotic policy for the safe use of antibiotic which is helpful for to reduce the antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STROKE PATIENT’S URINARY CATHETER ISOLATES AT BETHESDA HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Christofer Sathya Wijaya Budi Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Background: Antibiotic resistance currently challenges infectious disease management, specifically in combating biofilm formation. Biofilm might be developed on urinary catheter, in which stroke patients with urinary tract problem have higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection and problems related to antibiotic resistance. Aim: This study describes the microbe types from catheter isolates, measuring the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation, especially in stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, describing findings of specimens from stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, since December 2018 to January 2019. The isolates were identified with standard method, the antibiotic susceptibility were tested with antibiotic disc on MHA medium, and the biofilm formation were assessed using tissue culture plate method. All procedure were done in Microbiology Laboratorium, FK UKDW. Result: Thirty three microbes were isolated from 30 specimens of urinary catheter (63,3% male, 36,3% female). There is 76% isolates incapable of developing biofilm, while 15% is moderate biofilm producer and 9% is strong biofilm producer. The susceptibility test showed 100% resistancy of ampicillin-sulbactam, tetracyclin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Around 50% of E. coli and 57% of K. pneumonias isolates is MDR, and 75% of A. baumanii is XDR. Conclusion: Isolated microbes from urinary catheter of stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital is dominated by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumanii. Some of the microbes could form strong biofilm, and some of the antibiotics could not be used in the future due to their 100% resistancy on all specimens.

scholarly journals Bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to antibiotics among mothers with premature rupture of membranes at a teaching hospital in western uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
Simon Byonanuwe ◽  
Emmanuel Nzabandora ◽  
Baltazar Nyongozi ◽  
Theophilus Pius ◽  
Yarine Fajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Western Uganda

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) remains a great burden to mothers and their unborn children all over the world with several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed at determining common bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility patterns in women with PROM at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the months of September 2019 to November 2019. A total of 334 pregnant mothers above 28 weeks of pregnancy admitted in maternity ward of KIU-TH were consecutively enrolled. Interviewer administered questionnaires and laboratory forms were used to collect data. Endocervical swabs were obtained from those with PROM and taken to the laboratory for culture and susceptibility tests. Descriptive statistics were used using STATA 14.2. Results: 46 (13.8%) mothers had PROM. Of these, the most common bacterial pathogens identified were S. aureus (29.6%), E. coli (25.9%) and N. gonorrhoeae (25.9%). Antibacterial susceptibility tests revealed highest sensitivity to imipenem (100%), nitrofurantoin (92.6%), cloxacillin (85.2%) and azithromycin (81.5%). Total resistance to amoxacillin, ceftriaxone and ampicillin was found. Conclusion: Women with PROM predominatly have Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Imipenem, nitrofurantoin, cloxacillin and azithromycin are the most effective antibiotics among patients with PROM.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant Cutibacterium acnes among acne patients in Jordan: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Alkhawaja ◽  
Saleem Hammadi ◽  
Medhat Abdelmalek ◽  
Naser Mahasneh ◽  
Bayan Alkhawaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes

Abstract Background Antibiotics have been used for decades against Cutibacterium acnes (previously known as Propionibacterium acnes; C. acnes). Alarmingly, antibiotic resistance to this bacterium has become a worldwide problem in recent years. No studies are available on the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of C. acnes among Jordanian acne patients and how that is influenced by antibiotic use. This study aims to assess antibiotic resistance patterns of C. acnes clinical isolates and neighboring Gram-positive normal flora of the skin obtained from acne patients attending dermatology clinics in Amman –Jordan appraising the role of antibiotic consumption. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of acne patients presenting to selected dermatology outpatient clinics over a 6-month study period. Swabs obtained from inflamed lesions were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Isolates were identified and screened for antibiotic susceptibility. In addition, all patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included questions about the history of antibiotic treatment. Results C. acnes was isolated from lesions of 100 patients out of 115 participants included in this study. 73% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 59% to clindamycin 37% to doxycycline, 36% to tetracycline, 31% to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, 15% to levofloxacin, and 3% to minocycline. Multi drug resistance (MDR) in C. acnes isolates as well as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) with a similar pattern of resistance were detected from the same patient in most cases. A pattern of higher resistance towards variable antibiotic was observed in patients previously treated with antibiotics for acne management. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate the distribution of antibiotic resistance of C. acnes towards used antibiotics and emphasizes the influence of antibiotic consumption on development of antibiotic resistance. The similar pattern of resistance between skin bacteria tested in this study highlights the genetic transfer of resistance between skin commensals including S. aureus and S. epidermidis hence promoting its circulation in the community.

scholarly journals Are Antibiotics Prescribed to Inpatients According to Recommended Standard Guidelines in Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan? A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ekubu Otim ◽  
Desmond Kabuya Demaya ◽  
Amina M Al-Marzouqi ◽  
Jean P. Mukasa
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance occurred at an alarming rate globally, and has limited the use of antibiotics for preventing and treating infectious diseases. Failure to follow guidelines and protocols for antibiotic use for rational therapeutics and infection control has led to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. However, there is paucity of data on the current pattern of antibiotics prescribing for hospitalised patients in South Sudan, which is among the youngest countries in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prescription and use of antibiotics at Juba Teaching Hospital (JTH) in South Sudan.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among JTH inpatients between January and December 2016. A sample of 316 files from the medical and surgical wards were extracted using probability sampling proportional to ward size. Extracted files were reviewed to determine the pattern of antibiotics administration. Data on indications for antibiotic use were also collected. All data were entered twice and analysed using STATA version 13.0.Results: In all reviewed files, patients received treatment with antibiotics. Antibiotic use was highest in the medical ward (75.4%). Conditions in which antibiotic use was most prevalent were infectious and parasitic diseases (23.7%) and diseases of the digestive system (19.9%). The top three antibiotics prescribed were ceftriaxone (21.2%), metronidazole (20.0%) and amoxicillin (11.5%). The majority of patients (40.2%) were treated with two antibiotics. Conclusions: This study revealed a high level of inappropriate antibiotics use at JJTH. Furthermore, there is non-adherence to national/international guidelines in administration of these antibiotics among doctors. It is necessary to introduce antibiotic stewardship activity, along with continuous national surveillance and enforcement to reduce irrational antibiotics use and the associated risk for antibiotic resistance.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

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