scholarly journals Peste Des Petits Ruminants of Goats, Outbreak and Economic Losses : A Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Ausraful Islam ◽  
Amitav Singh ◽  
Mohammad Amirul Islam ◽  
 Shankar Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis

In the determination of outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and the economic losses caused by the disease 1392 distributed goats at Dimla thana of Nilfamari district, purchased from different markets, were studied during March, 2007 to May, 2007. Among the distributed goats, 54.7% died before treatment, 14.7% died after treatment and 30.6% survived after treatment. Survival rate was 67.51%. Maximum number (77.6%) of goats died before treatment in the flocks of Modhupur. Survival rate of the treated goats in the locally purchased flock was the highest (98.9%) whereas that in the goats purchased from Lalmonirhat was the lowest (34.3%). Survival percentage of the non-vaccinated goats was higher (71.60%) than that of the vaccinated goats (64.95%). Among the treated goats, 7.9% were pregnant, 4.4% of them aborted and 3.5% remained pregnant though they were infected. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) was observed in 2.5% PPR infected goats. The total economic loss was estimated at Bangladesh Tk 10,16434 ($ 14520.49). Locally collected goats had the highest probability (80.6%) of survival after treatment whereas those collected from Rangpur had the highest probability (81.3%) of death before  treatment. Probability that the goats will die after treatment was the highest among the goats purchased from Lalmonirhat (59.5%). Survival of goats was significantly (P<0.05) associated with place of purchase. Goats purchased from the local areas were 26.8 times more likely to survive than those collected from Modhupur. Goats of Lalmonirhat were 1.993 times more likely to survive than those of Modhupur

scholarly journals Geomatic-Based Flood Loss Assessment and Its Application in an Eastern City of China

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Youjie Jin ◽  
Jianyun Zhang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Guoqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Flood Loss ◽  
Flood Disasters

Flash-flood disasters pose a serious threat to lives and property. To meet the increasing demand for refined and rapid assessment on flood loss, this study exploits geomatic technology to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data and put forward the comprehensive risk index (CRI) calculation with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Based on mathematical correlations between CRIs and actual losses of flood disasters in Weifang City, the direct economic loss rate (DELR) model and the agricultural economic loss rate (AELR) model were developed. The case study shows that the CRI system can accurately reflect the risk level of a flash-flood disaster. Both models are capable of simulating disaster impacts. The results are generally consistent with actual impacts. The quantified economic losses generated from simulation are close to actual losses. The spatial resolution is up to 100 × 100 m. This study provides a loss assessment method with high temporal and spatial resolution, which can quickly assess the loss of rainstorm and flood disasters. The method proposed in this paper, coupled with a case study, provides a reliable reference to loss assessment on flash floods caused disasters and will be helpful to the existing literature.

Flock Level Economic Loss Due to Peste Des Petits Ruminants Outbreak in Transhumance Sheep and Goat Population in Himachal Pradesh (India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Vashist ◽  
A.K. Yadav ◽  
K.K. Rajak ◽  
S. Chandra Sekar ◽  
M.A. Ramakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact

Background: Quantification of economic losses due animal diseases like peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) helps in visualizing the impact of the disease in relational context as well as assist in prioritizing the disease control/eradication options. This study aimed to estimate the farm-level economic losses due to the disease in the state of Himachal Pradesh and carry out a cost-benefit analysis of control programme through vaccination.Methods: An investigation was carried out on an outbreak of PPR in transhumance small ruminant population in Himachal Pradesh (HP). The incidence rates of PPR as obtained in the study were projected to the small ruminant population in the state.Result: The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 36.85% and 27.69% and 25.32% and 1.44%, in goats and sheep, respectively. The estimated annual economic loss due to PPR in HP was INR 2495 million (under high incidence scenario). Under moderate and low incidence rate assumptions, the total losses were estimated at INR 1871 million and INR 1265 million, respectively. Benefit-cost analysis of vaccination against the disease in the state was carried out and the Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCR), ranging between 43:1 to 198:1 revealed the economic feasibility of investment made in PPR control.

Study on the Evaluation Models of Direct Economic Losses in Urban Flood Disasters

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4878-4882
Author(s):  
De Cai Kong ◽  
Feng Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
General Process ◽  
Evaluation Models ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Direct Economic Losses ◽  
Disaster System

Based on disaster system theory, flood risk assessment was conducted in regard to natural properties of hazard and environment as well as socioeconomics of hazard-affected bodies. The general process of economic loss evaluation in flood was consisted of two parts, namely the evaluation of pre-disaster value of hazard-affected bodies and the determination of direct economic loss rate in the flood disaster. At last, the evaluation models of direct economic losses in urban flood were established.

scholarly journals Public Sector Integrity Violations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Afzal Izzaz Zahari ◽  
Jamaliah Said
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Malaysian Government

Objective - Integrity violations can result in small or large financial losses for a community or organisation. These economic losses can be the result of small actions, such as laziness or no determination of work ethics, or large losses, such as corruption practices that can cause an organisation to lose large amounts of money and suffer damage to their reputation. The study will assess the levels of public sector integrity violations among Malaysian government employees. Methodology/Technique – Previous studies have shown that serious integrity violations, such as fraud, result in major economic loss to a country. This paper explores the perceptions of 616 Malaysian government civil servants who were surveyed regarding matters of integrity violations in their working environment. Surveys were distributed using mail and online distribution formats. The level of integrity violations within the respondent’s organisations were evaluated as weak, mild or strong. Finding - The results indicate that employees in Malaysia are focused on their personal and family relationships despite the fact that this is considered as integrity violations within their organisation. Novelty - This research provides an overview of the current stage of Malaysian integrity violations and demonstrates the need for improvement in this area. The research also provides valuable insight to managers to improve their control over the organisation. Type of Paper: Empirical

scholarly journals Evaluation of pH in swine carcasses regarding on the trasport distance of the animals: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e6379108893
Author(s):  
Hércules José Marzoque ◽  
Clara Mariana Gonçalves Lima ◽  
Jorge Pamplona Pagnossa ◽  
Renan Fernandes da Cunha ◽  
Douglas Roberto Guimarães Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
And Function

The PSE (Pale, Soft and Exudative) swine meat is an anomaly that produces great economic losses in the swine industry and products because proteins lose their functionality, affecting the ability of water retention, binding, and emulsification of meat. Due to the importance of quality control of carcasses, the determination of the pH parameter is necessary to perform the classification of the product in: normal; PSE; and DFD (Dark, Firm, and Dry). In this sense, the purpose of the work was to perform the evaluation of pH values after 45 minutes of bleeding (pH45) and function of the distance from farms to a slaughterhouse and calculate the indicator of Meat PSE in swine carcasses. The experiment was carried out in a large plant, under the supervision of the Federal Inspection Service (SIF). A total of 725 carcasses were used, separated into lots and the transport distance from the farms to the slaughterhouse ranged from 25 to 427 km. For the evaluation of the incidence of PSE, pH45 was measured by a direct method, and the management of pre-slaughter animals was standardized for all lots, except for rest time. The animals transported for shorter distances (25 and 65 km) presented 11% indicative of PSE meat, a fact that shows that the stress response is higher when the animals are subjected to short transport distances compared to longer distances (320, 340, and 427 km).

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

Fertiliser evenness - losses and costs: A study on the economic benefits of uniform applications of fertiliser

1999 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horrell ◽  
A.K. Metherell ◽  
S. Ford ◽  
C. Doscher
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Seed Crops

Over two million tonnes of fertiliser are applied to New Zealand pastures and crops annually and there is an increasing desire by farmers to ensure that the best possible economic return is gained from this investment. Spreading distribution measurements undertaken by Lincoln Ventures Ltd (LVL) have identified large variations in the evenness of fertiliser application by spreading machines which could lead to a failure to achieve optimum potential in some crop yields and to significant associated economic losses. To quantify these losses, a study was undertaken to calculate the effect of uneven fertiliser application on crop yield. From LVL's spreader database, spread patterns from many machines were categorised by spread pattern type and by coefficient of variation (CV). These patterns were then used to calculate yield losses when they were combined with the response data from five representative cropping and pastoral situations. Nitrogen fertiliser on ryegrass seed crops shows significant production losses at a spread pattern CV between 30% and 40%. For P and S on pasture, the cumulative effect of uneven spreading accrues, until there is significant economic loss occurring by year 3 for both the Waikato dairy and Southland sheep and beef systems at CV values between 30% and 40%. For nitrogen on pasture, significant loss in a dairy system occurs at a CV of approximately 40% whereas for a sheep and beef system it is at a CV of 50%, where the financial return from nitrogen application has been calculated at the average gross revenue of the farming system. The conclusion of this study is that the current Spreadmark standards are a satisfactory basis for defining the evenness requirements of fertiliser applications in most circumstances. On the basis of Spreadmark testing to date, more than 50% of the national commercial spreading fleet fails to meet the standard for nitrogenous fertilisers and 40% fails to meet the standard for phosphatic fertilisers.Keywords: aerial spreading, crop response, economic loss, fertiliser, ground spreading, striping, uneven application, uneven spreading, yield loss

SEISMIC RISK AND RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES: CASE STUDY ON A BLACK CARBON PLANT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Karagiannakis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Plant Equipment

This paper deals with state of the art risk and resilience calculations for industrial plants. Resilience is a top priority issue on the agenda of societies due to climate change and the all-time demand for human life safety and financial robustness. Industrial plants are highly complex systems containing a considerable number of equipment such as steel storage tanks, pipe rack-piping systems, and other installations. Loss Of Containment (LOC) scenarios triggered by past earthquakes due to failure on critical components were followed by severe repercussions on the community, long recovery times and great economic losses. Hence, facility planners and emergency managers should be aware of possible seismic damages and should have already established recovery plans to maximize the resilience and minimize the losses. Seismic risk assessment is the first step of resilience calculations, as it establishes possible damage scenarios. In order to have an accurate risk analysis, the plant equipment vulnerability must be assessed; this is made feasible either from fragility databases in the literature that refer to customized equipment or through numerical calculations. Two different approaches to fragility assessment will be discussed in this paper: (i) code-based Fragility Curves (FCs); and (ii) fragility curves based on numerical models. A carbon black process plant is used as a case study in order to display the influence of various fragility curve realizations taking their effects on risk and resilience calculations into account. Additionally, a new way of representing the total resilience of industrial installations is proposed. More precisely, all possible scenarios will be endowed with their weighted recovery curves (according to their probability of occurrence) and summed together. The result is a concise graph that can help stakeholders to identify critical plant equipment and make decisions on seismic mitigation strategies for plant safety and efficiency. Finally, possible mitigation strategies, like structural health monitoring and metamaterial-based seismic shields are addressed, in order to show how future developments may enhance plant resilience. The work presented hereafter represents a highly condensed application of the research done during the XP-RESILIENCE project, while more detailed information is available on the project website https://r.unitn.it/en/dicam/xp-resilience.

The Calculation of Turbulent Diffusion Coefficients in Aquatic Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3903-3907
Author(s):  
Galina Marusic ◽  
Valeriu Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Transport Equation ◽  
Turbulent Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prut River

The paper deals with the issues related to the pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The influence of turbulence on the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the mentioned systems, as well as the calculation of the turbulent diffusion coefficients are studied. A case study on the determination of turbulent diffusion coefficients for some sectors of the Prut River is presented. A new method is proposed for the determination of the turbulent diffusion coefficients in the pollutant transport equation for specific sectors of a river, according to the associated number of P�clet, calculated for each specific area: the left bank, the right bank and the middle of the river.

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