scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Physico-chemical Standardization of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC.

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Maryam Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Ibrar ◽  
Fazal Hadi ◽  
Barkatullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Monotheca Buxifolia ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Monotheca buxifolia is an ethno-medicinally important plant of Pak-Afghan regions. The pharmacognostic standards of fruit, leaf, seed, barks of stem and root were set in present study. Microscopy revealed characteristic distinguishable powder drug fragments. Each part showed certain unique florescence behaviour with various reagents under light of various wavelengths. It has a broad spectrum phytochemical profile including amino acids and proteins, fats (fixed oils), sugars (both non reducing and reducing), alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpenoids, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and anthocyanins. The fruit had 15.5% moisture contents seed and leaf had 8.5% each and stem and root bark had 9.5% each. The values of total ash were 7.0, 6.0, 4.5, 8.25 and 11.75%; values of water soluble ash were 4.9, 3.5, 0.5, 4.2 and 6.75%, while the values of acid insoluble ash 1.5, 1.75, 4.0, 3.75 and 4.25% in fruit pulp, leaf, stem bark, root bark and seeds, respectively. The fixed oil yield of M. buxifolia was measured to be 8.33, 10.62 and 0.56% in fruit pulp, seeds and leaves, respectively. Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Linolenic acid, Stearic acid and Myristic acid were the most frequently found fatty acids in each part. The plant is a rich source of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. The plant contained safe amounts of tested trace elements as directed by WHO except for cobalt in root bark (10.7±0.01) and lead in stem bark (22.48±0.33).  

scholarly journals THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING HEXANE AND METHANOL EXTRACT OF SINYO NAKAL (DURANTA REPENS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
PURWANTININGSIH SUGITA ◽  
RIZKI AMILIA ◽  
BUDI ARIFIN ◽  
DYAH UTAMI CAHYANING RAHAYU ◽  
HANHAN DIANHAR
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Based Medicine

Objective: Phytochemicals are naturally present in every part of plants range from leaves, stem bark, and fruits to roots. The use of plant-based medicine is popular among individuals and communities in developing countries. This study evaluated that the phytochemical profile of Duranta repens fruits was collected from Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: Air-dried D. repens fruits were macerated by n-hexane and methanol, a separate flask. n-Hexane extract, then underwent saponification to remove fat. Then, the unsaponifiable of n-hexane and methanol extract was tested through phytochemical screening, respectively. Results: The methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids, but the unsaponifiable fraction only contained steroids. The unsaponifiable fraction was found to be a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C13-C20, fatty acids (palmitic and linoleic acid), squalene, and Vitamin E. Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of the plant plays an important role for pharmaceutical studies especially discovering new potential drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Metabolism of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids by normal and Zellweger syndrome skin fibroblasts

1989 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Street ◽  
D W Johnson ◽  
H Singh ◽  
A Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Zellweger Syndrome ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts

The metabolism of 1-11C-labelled derivatives of palmitic (C16:0), arachidonic (C20:4,n-6) lignoceric (C21:0) and tetracosatetraenoic (C24:4,n-6) acids was studied in normal skin fibroblast cultures and in cultures of fibroblasts from peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger's syndrome) patients. Radiolabelled products of the fatty acids included carbon dioxide. C14-24 saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids formed from released acetate either by synthesis de novo or by elongation of endogenous fatty acids, fatty acids formed by 2-6-carbon elongation of added substrates, and a number of water-soluble compounds, some of which were tentatively identified as the amino acids glutamine, glutamic acid and asparagine. The labelled amino acids were found predominantly in the culture medium. Zellweger's syndrome fibroblasts showed a marked decrease in radiolabelled carbon dioxide and water-soluble-product formation from (I-14C)-labelled arachidonic, tetracosatetraenoic and lignoceric acids but not from [I-14C]palmitic acid, and the production of radiolabelled C14-18 fatty acids was also diminished. However, the elongation of individual fatty acids was either normal or above normal. Our data support the view that the oxidation of 20:4, 24:4 and 24:0 fatty acids in cultured skin fibroblasts takes place largely in peroxisomes, and further that the acetyl-CoA released by the beta-oxidation process is available for the synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids. We speculate that the generation of C2 units used for synthesis is a major peroxisomal function and that this function is absent or greatly impaired in Zellweger's syndrome cells.

scholarly journals The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 (ADM1)

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Batstone ◽  
J. Keller ◽  
I. Angelidaki ◽  
S.V. Kalyuzhnyi ◽  
S.G. Pavlostathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Equations ◽  
State Concentration

The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Modelling Task Group was established in 1997 at the 8th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion (Sendai, Japan) with the goal of developing a generalised anaerobic digestion model. The structured model includes multiple steps describing biochemical as well as physico-chemical processes. The biochemical steps include disintegration from homogeneous particulates to carbohydrates, proteins and lipids; extracellular hydrolysis of these particulate substrates to sugars, amino acids, and long chain fatty acids (LCFA), respectively; acidogenesis from sugars and amino acids to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and hydrogen; acetogenesis of LCFA and VFAs to acetate; and separate methanogenesis steps from acetate and hydrogen/CO2. The physico-chemical equations describe ion association and dissociation, and gas-liquid transfer. Implemented as a differential and algebraic equation (DAE) set, there are 26 dynamic state concentration variables, and 8 implicit algebraic variables per reactor vessel or element. Implemented as differential equations (DE) only, there are 32 dynamic concentration state variables.

scholarly journals Studies on the composition of food

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Knight ◽  
A. A. Christie ◽  
C. R. Orton ◽  
Jean Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
The Mean

1. Loaves of conventional white bread and of bread made by the Chorleywood Bread Process (CBP) were bought from bakers’shops in Britain over a 10-month period and were bulked to give samples representative of each type of bread produced for consumption in the country as a whole. These were analysed for moisture, protein and amino acids, fats and fatty acids, carbohydrate (by difference), sodium, potassium, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, total and available nicotinic acid, vitamin B6, and free folic acid.2. There were no great differences between the nutrient contents of the two types of bread. The mean moisture contents differed by only 5 g/kg but a variation was found between some selected nutrients in paired loaves of the same type. CBP bread could not be distinguished from conventional bread in its content of fat, ash, calcium, sodium, potassium, thiamin, total and available nicotinic acid and vitamin B6. The content of riboflavin was slightly higher, and of protein and carbohydrate slightly lower in CBP bread than in conventional bread. Differences in fatty acid composition of the two types of bread and in their content of total sulphur-containing amino acids were slight.

Study on Synthesis of Tert-Butyl(4R)-4-(Methoxymethylcarbamoyl)-2,2-Dimethylthiazolidine-3- Carboxylate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 555-557
Author(s):  
Shuang Lin Qin ◽  
Lin Jun Tang ◽  
Gao Peng Wang ◽  
Li Ping Wang ◽  
Fei Fei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Fixation Of Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Metabolic Cycle

Tert-butyl (4R)-4-(methoxymethylcarbamoyl)-2,2-dimethylthiazolidine-3-carboxylate, an key intermediate of the natural product Biotin which is a water-soluble vitamin, involved in an essential part of the metabolic cycle causing catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, sugars, and α-amino acids, was synthesized from L-cystine in overall yield 54% through three steps. The study including acetonization, Boc protection, N-methoxy-N-methyl amidation.

scholarly journals Compositional Features and Nutritional Value of Pig Brain: Potential and Challenges as a Sustainable Source of Nutrients

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2943
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Chanted ◽  
Worawan Panpipat ◽  
Atikorn Panya ◽  
Natthaporn Phonsatta ◽  
Ling-Zhi Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Pig Brain

The goal of this study was to establish the nutritional value and compositional properties of the brains of crossbred pigs (Landrace–Large white–Duroc (LLD)), in order to realize the zero-waste concept and increase the use of by-products in the sustainable meat industry. Fat (9.25% fresh weight (fw)) and protein (7.25% fw) were the principal dry matters of pig brain, followed by carbohydrate and ash. Phospholipid and cholesterol had a 3:1 ratio. Pig brain had a red tone (L* = 63.88, a* = 5.60, and b* = 15.43) and a high iron content (66 mg/kg) due to a total heme protein concentration of 1.31 g/100 g fw. The most prevalent macro-element was phosphorus (14 g/kg), followed by potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Zinc, copper, and manganese were among the other trace elements discovered. The most prevalent nitrogenous constituents were alkali-soluble protein, followed by water-soluble protein, stromal protein, salt-soluble protein, and non-protein nitrogen. Essential amino acids were abundant in pig brain (44% of total amino acids), particularly leucine (28.57 mg/g protein), threonine, valine, and lysine. The total lipid, neutral, and polar lipid fractions of the pig brain had different fatty acid compositions. The largest amount was observed in saturated fatty acids (SFA), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Stearic acid and palmitic acid were the most common SFA. Oleic acid was the most prevalent MUFA, while docosahexaenoic acid was the most common PUFA. Thus, the pig brain can be used in food formulations as a source of nutrients.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and Proximate Analysis of Poly Herbal Formula- Palakalyana Ghrita

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Kariyakeranage Chandi Perera ◽  
◽  
Menuka Arawwawala ◽  
Sumeda Wijeratne ◽  
Deepal Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Physico Chemical

Background: Standardization is necessary in order to assess the quality of herbal formulations. Palakalyana Ghrita (PKG) is an herbal formula used in Ayurveda medical system to enhance fertility and immunity in both genders which consists nineteen medicinal plants with cow’s ghee and milk. As per available literature PKG formula has not been standardized although it is a commonly used drug by traditional practitioners. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the physio-chemical properties, nutrition composition and possible toxic elements and microorganisms of PKG formula. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties tested include refractive index, total ash content, acid in soluble ash content, water soluble ash content, moisture content, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value. Carbohydrate, protein, fatty acid, vitamin and mineral composition were assessed as nutritional parameters of PKG. Heavy metals and microorganisms were tested using standard protocols. Results: Unsaturated fatty acids namely Palmitoleic acid (0.26%), Oleic acid (40.36%) and Linoleic acid (9.19%) and saturated fatty acids; Capric acid (0.63%), Myristic acid (1.68%) Pentadecyclic acid (0.23%) Palmitic acid (42.25%) Margaric acid ((0.26%) and Stearic acid (4.85%) were present in the PKG formulation. The percentages of carbohydrate, protein and fat content of PKG were 0.04±0.0, 98.8±0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.0 respectively. Heavy metals and microbes were not detected. Conclusion: Results obtained could be utilized as references standard for quality assurance of PKG.

scholarly journals PROFIL FITOKIMIA DAN UJI SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETANOL TUMBUHAN Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC (ANDALIMAN) MENGGUNAKAN METODE BSLT

Alotrop ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liis Panggabean ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah ◽  
Dewi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Avocado Seed

The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC plant (Andaliman) and to know the extract part of plant ethanol Z acanthopodium DC as the best anticancer agent. Root basal samples, stem bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthopodium DC as much as 3 Kg, then dried up and smoothed. Fine samples of root, bark, leaves and fruit of Z acanthopodium DC were each weighed 450 gr and each sample was extracted using 5 L ethanol solvent. Root extract, bark, leaves and fruit Z anthoxylum acanthopodium DC obtained from extraction weighed as much as 1 g, then each of them in concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ppm. Cytotoxic tested using BSLT method with shrimp larvae of 10 tail, then determined LC50 by using relationship between probit and log of concentration. Each sample of fine roots, bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthropodium DC were weighed 3 grams. Then press the phytochemical profile. Phytochemical profile test results of each sample of acanthopodium DC Z showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The largest alkaloid content is found on the skin of stems and roots (++) with Papaya leaf comparison, the largest flavonoid content of bark (++) skin with peach flower compound, tannin leaf and tanug (+++) seedlings with Avocado seed comparator, and the largest Kandugan saponin on bark (+++) with the comparative Starfruit Wuluh. In the cytotoxic test results, each leaf extract of stem, leaves, roots and Z acanthopodium DC fruit has potential as an anticancer agent because the liberating LC50 in each sample is in the range 30-1000 ppm. The extract part of the stem bark has the greatest potential as an anticancer compared to fruits, leaves and roots. Because bark leaf extract has LC50 so that 57,677 ppm compared to root of 65,313 ppm, leaves of 77, 983 ppm, and fruit of 191,426 ppm. Usually root samples, stem bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthopodium DC can be used as an anticancer because of the content of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids.

FULLERENES: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND OTHER WATER SOLUBLE DERIVATIVES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Kurilov ◽  
Igor Zavarzin ◽  
Igor Yamskov ◽  
Olga Yamskova ◽  
Aleksandr Egorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physico Chemical
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