scholarly journals PROFIL FITOKIMIA DAN UJI SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETANOL TUMBUHAN Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC (ANDALIMAN) MENGGUNAKAN METODE BSLT

Alotrop ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liis Panggabean ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah ◽  
Dewi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Avocado Seed

The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC plant (Andaliman) and to know the extract part of plant ethanol Z acanthopodium DC as the best anticancer agent. Root basal samples, stem bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthopodium DC as much as 3 Kg, then dried up and smoothed. Fine samples of root, bark, leaves and fruit of Z acanthopodium DC were each weighed 450 gr and each sample was extracted using 5 L ethanol solvent. Root extract, bark, leaves and fruit Z anthoxylum acanthopodium DC obtained from extraction weighed as much as 1 g, then each of them in concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ppm. Cytotoxic tested using BSLT method with shrimp larvae of 10 tail, then determined LC50 by using relationship between probit and log of concentration. Each sample of fine roots, bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthropodium DC were weighed 3 grams. Then press the phytochemical profile. Phytochemical profile test results of each sample of acanthopodium DC Z showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The largest alkaloid content is found on the skin of stems and roots (++) with Papaya leaf comparison, the largest flavonoid content of bark (++) skin with peach flower compound, tannin leaf and tanug (+++) seedlings with Avocado seed comparator, and the largest Kandugan saponin on bark (+++) with the comparative Starfruit Wuluh. In the cytotoxic test results, each leaf extract of stem, leaves, roots and Z acanthopodium DC fruit has potential as an anticancer agent because the liberating LC50 in each sample is in the range 30-1000 ppm. The extract part of the stem bark has the greatest potential as an anticancer compared to fruits, leaves and roots. Because bark leaf extract has LC50 so that 57,677 ppm compared to root of 65,313 ppm, leaves of 77, 983 ppm, and fruit of 191,426 ppm. Usually root samples, stem bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthopodium DC can be used as an anticancer because of the content of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark, Leaf and Root Extract of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Lawaly Maman Manzo ◽  
Halima Diallo Bako ◽  
Moussa Idrissa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea

Background: Sclerocarya birrea is widely used in Nigerien communities for medicinal purposes to treat several gastrointestinal diseases including diarrhea. To lend credibility to its traditional use against diarrhea, laboratory studies were conducted. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity and the phytochemical constituents of the crude extracts of root, bark and leaf of S. birrea. Materials and Methods: The collected different plant parts were air dried, powdered and separately extracted with ethanol and methanol. The alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin contents in all the plant parts were estimated using standard methods. The total and serially diluted fractions of the extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against selected enteropathogens by agar well diffusion and deep-well microdilution method. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoid, saponin and tannin in all the plant extracts. The extracts from the different parts showed varied antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. The bark extracts showed superior activity against Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition = 17 mm) and Salmonella typhi (zone of inhibition = 20 mm) at 200 mg/mL. Conclusion: The presence of important phytochemical groups and the antibacterial potential of alcoholic extracts of S. birrea could permit to justify its traditional usage against diarrhea.

scholarly journals Brine Shrimp Cytotoxic and Lemna minor Phytotoxic Evaluations of the Methanol Extracts of the Leaves, Stem and Root Barks of Sacrocephalus latifolius

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
E. O. Ikpefan
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Powder Samples

This work was aimed at evaluating the probable toxicity of the methanol extract of the leaf, stem bark and root of Sacrocephalus latifolius on Artemia nauplii and fronds of Lemna minor. The powder samples of the three morphological parts were independently extracted with soxhlet extractor apparatus using 95% methanol and were dried with aid of ritory evaporator at 40ºC. The extracts were subjected to biological activities involving brine shrimp cytotoxicity and Lemna minor test for phytotoxicity at 10-100 μg /mL respectively. The experiment was done in replicates of three. Concentration-dependent cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities were recorded for the extracts. The results revealed that extract of the leaves demonstrated significant cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities over the other parts of the plant. At 10μg/mL, the three extracts recorded little or no cytotoxic activity. However, at the maximum concentration of 1000 μg /mL, cytotoxicities of 66.67 and 3.33% were recorded for extracts of the leaf and root bark respectively, while the extract of the stem bark showed no activity. However, the LC50 of the leaf was 467.74μg /mL, and that of the other extracts were observed to be ˃1000μg /mL. The results for phytotoxicity followed a similar trend with the extracts of the leaf and root bark recording 52.96 and 23.33 % phytotoxicities respectively at 1000 μg /mL. Having shown a higher activity over the other extracts, the leaf extract of S. latifolius could serves as a natural alternative pesticide and weedicide. Keywords: Sacrocephalus latifolius, phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, fronds, Artemia nauplii, Lemna minor

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of extracts from Urtica urens

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
R.P. Matamane ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Urtica Urens

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of various extracts from Urtica urens were evaluated against selected microorganisms using agar hole-plate diffusion method. A total of ten extracts namely U. urens hexane leaf extract (HLE), chloroform leaf extract (CLE), ethyl acetate leaf extract (ELE), methanolic leaf extract (MLE), hexane stem-bark extract (HSB), chloroform stem-bark extract (CSB), ethyl acetate stem-bark extract (ESB), methanolic stem-bark extract (MSB), chloroform root extract (CRT) and methanolic root extract (MRT) were prepared. These extracts were evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria viz. Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, four Gram-negative bacteria viz. Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (wild strain) and Escherichia coli (O157:H7) and two fungal isolates viz. Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum. The inhibition zones of these extracts were found to be in the range of 9.0±0.0 to 40.5±0.7 mm against bacterial isolates and 16.0±4.2 to 17.5±4.9 mm against C. albicans. However, all these extracts exhibited no visible zone of inhibition against P. digitatum. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were also determined and were found to be in the range of <31.25 to >1000 µg/mL against both bacterial and fungal isolates. From this study, we concluded that ELS, MLE, CRT and MRT showed promising antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Teratogenic Effect of Crude Ethanolic Root Bark and Leaf Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) on Nissl Substances of Albino Wistar Rat Fetuses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokutima A. Eluwa ◽  
Theresa B. Ekanem ◽  
Paul B. Udoh ◽  
Moses B. Ekong ◽  
Olaitan R. Asuquo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria

Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used for the treatment of insanity. The possible adverse effects of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extract of the plant on Nissl substances of albino Wistar rat fetuses were studied using 25 mature female Wistar rats. The animals were divided equally into 5 groups, labeled A, B, C, D, and E. Group A was the control, while groups B, C, D, and E were the experimental. The female rats were mated with the males overnight, and the sperm positive day was designated as day zero of pregnancy. Oral doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the root bark extract were administered to groups B and C animals, respectively, while groups D and E animals received 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extract, respectively, from day 7 to 11 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, the fetuses brains extracted, and the cerebral cortices excised and routinely processed for Nissl substances using Cresyl fast violet staining method. Results showed reduced staining intensity of Nissl substances in the treated groups, especially those that received the root extract. Thus, the herbs may have adverse effects on protein synthesis within the cerebral cortex.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and larvicidal potentials of Derris indica (Lamk.) Bennet. extractives

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Omar Ali Mondal ◽  
M Emdadul Haque ◽  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Wood Extract ◽  
Derris Indica

Chloroform extracts of the fruit shell, leaves, root bark, root wood, seeds, stem bark and stem wood of Derris indica were tested for their antibacterial and larvicidal potentials. Except the seed extract all other extracts offered activity against 15 pathogenic bacteria. The fruit shell extract showed activity against B. cereus, S.-β- haemolyticus and S. typhi; the leaf extract against Klebsiella sp. only; the root bark against B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. -β- haemolyticus, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae and S. sonnei; the root wood extract against B. sereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. -β- haemolyticus, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, S. shiga, S. sonnei, Klebsiella sp. and P. aeruginosa; the stem bark extract against B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. -β- haemolyticus and S. sonnei and the stem wood extract against B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. -β- haemolyticus, S. typhi and S. dysenteriae. According to the intensity of activity against the selected bacteria the D. indica extracts could be arranged in a descending order of root wood> root bark> stem wood> stem bark> fruit shell> leaf extract. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the chloroform extract of root wood of D. indica were 128 μg/ml against S. -β- haemolyticus, B. megaterium and S. dysenteriae and 64 μg/ml against B. cereus; for the stem wood extract 128 μg/ml against S. -β- haemolyticus, B. megaterium, B. cereus and B. subtilis, and 64 μg/ml against S. dysenteriae. The root bark, root wood, seed and stem wood extracts showed efficacy against the 3rd instar larvae of Musca domestica with LC50 values in a descending order of root wood (3615.92 ppm) > seed (5538.07 ppm) > stem wood (12139.40 ppm) > root bark (16721.24 ppm).   Key words: Chloroform extract; Derris indica; antibacterial and larvicidal activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9460 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 17-22

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Physico-chemical Standardization of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC.

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Maryam Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Ibrar ◽  
Fazal Hadi ◽  
Barkatullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Monotheca Buxifolia ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Monotheca buxifolia is an ethno-medicinally important plant of Pak-Afghan regions. The pharmacognostic standards of fruit, leaf, seed, barks of stem and root were set in present study. Microscopy revealed characteristic distinguishable powder drug fragments. Each part showed certain unique florescence behaviour with various reagents under light of various wavelengths. It has a broad spectrum phytochemical profile including amino acids and proteins, fats (fixed oils), sugars (both non reducing and reducing), alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpenoids, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and anthocyanins. The fruit had 15.5% moisture contents seed and leaf had 8.5% each and stem and root bark had 9.5% each. The values of total ash were 7.0, 6.0, 4.5, 8.25 and 11.75%; values of water soluble ash were 4.9, 3.5, 0.5, 4.2 and 6.75%, while the values of acid insoluble ash 1.5, 1.75, 4.0, 3.75 and 4.25% in fruit pulp, leaf, stem bark, root bark and seeds, respectively. The fixed oil yield of M. buxifolia was measured to be 8.33, 10.62 and 0.56% in fruit pulp, seeds and leaves, respectively. Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Linolenic acid, Stearic acid and Myristic acid were the most frequently found fatty acids in each part. The plant is a rich source of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. The plant contained safe amounts of tested trace elements as directed by WHO except for cobalt in root bark (10.7±0.01) and lead in stem bark (22.48±0.33).  

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
H. Haruna ◽  
U. Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

Phytochemical profile and insecticidal activity of Agave americana leaf extract towards Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 19468-19480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Mami Maazoun ◽  
Soumaya Haouel Hamdi ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa ◽  
Chokri Messaoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Yuvaraj ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Hsp70 Mrna ◽  
Caspase 1

Abstract Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult. Methods Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group. Conclusions It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.

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