The Effect of Seed Source and Post-harvest Practices on Quality of Soybean (Glycine max) Seeds in Busia County

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-40
Author(s):  
Ochran M. K. ◽  
◽  
Narla R. D. ◽  
Muthomi J. W. ◽  
Ochuodho J. O. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Handling Practices

Majority of farmers growing legumes use and recycle seeds from informal sources for the next crop. The quality of such seeds is unknown and usually leads to accumulation of pest, diseases and reduced yields. This study was carried out to determine production practices and quality of soybean seeds obtained from informal sources in Busia County. A survey was conducted to collect information on source of soybean seeds, production and post-harvest handling practices. Seed samples were collected from farmers, local market and agro-dealers. The seeds were evaluated for purity, seed coat damage, germination, vigour and fungal infection. Majority (48%) of farmers in Busia County used farm saved seeds, 29% and 23% used seeds from community based organizations and local markets, respectively. Most of the farmers (92%) used inappropriate threshing techniques like beating with sticks and about 80% of the farmers did not treat seed either before storage or during planting. Majority (68%) stored soybean for three months only. Seeds from informal sources had low purity, higher seed coat damage and infection as compared to certified seeds. The physical purity of seeds from the informal sources did not meet the recommended standard of 98% however their germination was comparable to 75% germination standard. Farmers therefore, should be advised to adopt use of certified seeds and appropriate handling techniques. Keywords: Soybean, seed source, seed quality, seed production practices

scholarly journals Soybean (Glycine max L.) seed quality treated with timbó (Magonia pubescens A.St.-Hil) seed coat

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mayra Pereira Silva ◽  
Amanda Ribeiro Correa ◽  
Cárita Rodrigues de Aquino Arantes ◽  
Rosiane Alexandre Pena Guimarães ◽  
Maria de Fátima Barbosa Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Glycine Max L

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of timbó seed coat on the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. Timbó seeds were collected from mature fruits in the Cerrado. The external layer of the seed coat was removed and crushed in a mill and used in the treatment of soybean seeds. Three lots of soybean seeds were used, from high, medium and low vigor seeds. The treatments were: powder; gel; hydroalcoholic extract; synthetic fungicide (Vitavax® - Thiram 200 sc), and untreated seeds. The physiological quality of the soybean seeds was determined by standard germination, accelerated aging, length, fresh and dry mass of seedlings. Blotter test was used to determine the sanitary quality. The statistical analyze used was a completely randomized 3 × 5 factorial design, considering three seed lots and five treatments. Treatment with the coat seed extract and gel improves the physiological quality of soybean seeds from low vigor lots. The treatment of seeds with gel decreases the incidence of Fusarium and Penicillium genus; and treatment with the powder reduced the incidence of the Cercospora genus.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF Fusarium graminearum Schwabe ON PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SOYBEAN SEEDS AND WHEAT CARYOPSIS IN ARGENTINA

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRA MARÍA PERUZZO ◽  
ROSANNA NORA PIOLI ◽  
ADRIANA RITA SALINAS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

ABSTRACT: F. graminearum is the main causal agent of Head blight in cereals in Argentina. This is a disease that develops during the host floral state. When the reproductive structures in the host are invaded, grains may be shriveled and reduced in weight, causing a decrease in yield. Physiological diagnostic techniques on seeds detect the damages produced by this fungus could be used to take decisions related to the quality of seed lots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible physiological damage caused by F. graminearum isolates in soybean seeds and wheat caryopsis. Seeds and caryopsis were obtained from plants exposed to fungal infection and were evaluated under two situations: artificial inoculations under greenhouse conditions and natural infection from fields of Santa Fe Province (33°43'22''S; 62°14'46''W). Seed weight, topographical tetrazolium test, standard germination test, electrical conductivity test and X-ray test were performed in soybean seeds and wheat caryopsis from each treatment. Differential behaviors of F. graminearum strains in susceptible soybean and wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions revealed specific interactions among soybean and wheat genotypes with this fungus. F. graminearum infection in susceptible cultivars under greenhouse conditions produced a significant decrease in the physiological quality of soybean seed and wheat caryopsis. These behaviors were not detected under field conditions in the evaluated locations. All seed quality tests used in this experiment were useful to show differences in infection in soybean and wheat independently of F. graminearum infection.

scholarly journals Effect of soybean seed priming on germination energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Zlatica Miladinov ◽  
Svetlana Balesevic-Tubic ◽  
Vojin Djukic ◽  
Aleksandar Ilic ◽  
Lazar Cobanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Six varieties were chosen from three different maturity groups: Galina and NS Princeza (0), Sava and NS Apolo (I), and Rubin and NS Zita (II) in order to examine the effect of priming on germination energy depending on soybean seed age. The seeds were produced in the period from 2012 to 2014, i.e., one- to three-year-old seeds were used. The following treatments were used for priming: distilled water - hydropriming (H2O), ascorbic acid 250 mg/l (ASA), folic acid 15 mg/l (Fol.), hydrogen peroxide 1% (H2O2), and control - non-treated seeds (C). Results showed that the effects of priming depended on the variety, seed age, as well as on the applied treatment. Some varieties reacted to priming very well, while others had an inhibited reaction, so germination energy was significantly reduced. Rubin variety had the most favourable reaction, whereby all treatments of this variety led to an increase of quality, with an average increase of 2-8%. The application of primers on one-year-old soybean seeds had a weaker effect than on two- and three-year-old seeds. However, one-year-old seeds had minor oscillations in quality due to priming. The application of priming on one-year-old seeds can lead to an increase or decrease of germination energy by 3%, while two- and three-year-old seeds reached 7%. The results showed that seed priming in ascorbic acid had a positive effect, while the application of other primers did not affect the value of germination energy, nor did it lead to a decrease of its value. Ascorbic acid activity led to the largest increase in the quality of three-year-old soybean seeds by 2.83%, while the increase in the quality of two- and three-year-old seeds was 1.87%. Therefore, we can conclude that there is no universal use of one single primer, as it might not be suitable for each particular variety and can ultimately result in the seed quality decrease.

scholarly journals Production Practices, Postharvest Handling, and Quality of Cowpea Seed Used by Farmers in Makueni and Taita Taveta Counties in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary W. Njonjo ◽  
James W. Muthomi ◽  
Agnes W. Mwang’ombe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
The Common ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Handling Practices

Over 80% of farmers in the developing countries use seeds from the informal seed supply that is of unknown quality status with low physical purity, reduced vigour, and contamination with seed-borne pathogens. A survey involving 114 farmers was conducted in Makueni and Taita counties using a semistructured questionnaire to determine cowpea production practices. Forty-seven cowpea seed samples were collected from farmers, and thirty-four were collected from markets and analysed for physical and physiological quality. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using SPSS package. Majority, over 76% of farmers used farm-saved seeds and intercropped cowpea with cereals (56%). The common storage container was polythene bags (56%), and farmers did not treat the seeds. The seed was below the recommended purity standard of 98%. In Taita, farm-saved and market-sourced seeds met the recommended 75% germination at 82.7% and 76.8%, respectively. Even though the germination standard was met, seeds were of low physical purity and reduced vigour. Farmers should be enlightened on recommended production practices, methods of harvesting, and postharvest handling practices to reduce seed quality loss during storage and maximize production.

scholarly journals Quality of soybean seeds with high mechanical damage index after processing and storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. G. Neve ◽  
João A. Oliveira ◽  
Humberto P. da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo de G. E. Reis ◽  
Jacson Zuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the quality of soybean seeds with high level of mechanical damages from different processing stages and stored with and without fungicide treatment. Collections of seed samples were performed during the processing at the following points: hopper, pre-cleaning, dryer, cleaning, spiral, sieve-classifier and the gravity table. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 9 x 2 factorial scheme, with 9 collection points and two seed treatments, in four replicates. The seeds were then evaluated immediately after processing and after six months of storage. The processing progressively improved the attributes of soybean seed quality throughout the different stages in which the gravity table plays an important role in the improvement of the physiological and sanitary quality of the lot, favoring the storage potential and vigor of the seeds. The treatment of the seeds with fungicides is effective in controlling fungi before and after storage. The storage of soybean seeds with high level of mechanical damage markedly increases their deterioration.

scholarly journals Lignification of the plant and seed quality of RR soybeans sprayed with herbicide glyphosate

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Cristiane Fortes Gris ◽  
Edila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Maria Laene de Moreira Carvalho ◽  
Rafael Parreira Diniz ◽  
Thaís de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Differences in levels of lignin in the plant between conventional and transgenic cultivars RR has been reported by several authors, however, there are few studies evaluating the influence of spraying of glyphosate on the lignin in the plant and RR soybean seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of RR transgenic soybean seeds and the lignin contents of plants sprayed with the herbicide glyphosate. The assays were conducted both in greenhouse and field in the municipality of Lavras, MG, in the agricultural year 2007/08. The experiment was arranged in a splitplot design with four replicates, considering the treatments hand weeding and herbicide glyphosate as plots, and five RR soybean cultivars (BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, Valiosa RR, Silvânia RR and Baliza RR) as splitplots. In the greenhouse, the cultivars tested were BRS 245 RR and Valiosa RR in a randomized block design with four replicates. The sprayings were carried out at stages V3, V7 and early R5 (3L/ha). The 1000 seed weight, mechanical injury, germination and germination velocity index, emergence velocity index, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and water soaking seed test, lignin content in the seed coat, in the stem and legumes were determined. The spraying of glyphosate herbicide, in greenhouse and field, did not alter the physiological quality of seeds and the lignin contents in the plant.

scholarly journals Influence of lignin content in soybean seed coat on the incidence of the storage fungus Aspergillus flavus

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ísis Barreto Dantas ◽  
João Almir de Oliveira ◽  
Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Édila Vilela Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Physiological Quality

Seed quality may be affected by several factors, including permeability, color, and lignin content in the seed coat. This study aimed at evaluating influence of lignin content in the tegument of seed samples of six different soybean cultivars, in which half of each sample was inoculated with the fungus Aspergillus flavus, on the physical and physiological quality, and on the seed health, during 180 days storage period, under cold chamber with controlled conditions of temperature and RH. For that, at each interval of 60 days, samples were removed, and the physiological quality of these seeds was assessed by means of moisture and lignin contents; and by tests of seed health, germination, and electrical conductivity. The moisture content of seeds remained constant during all storage period. In the seed health test, it was found that inoculation was efficient, once the minimum incidence of the fungus in the inoculated seeds was 85%. In the germination test, there was a trend of reduction on percentage germination with the increase in storage period. However, there was an increase on electrical conductivity of seeds assessed. It was concluded that there is no interference of the lignin content in the seed coat on the resistance to infection by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, even after seed storage for a period of 180 days.

scholarly journals Selection of GmSWEET39 for oil and protein improvement in soybean

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009114
Author(s):  
Hengyou Zhang ◽  
Wolfgang Goettel ◽  
Qijian Song ◽  
He Jiang ◽  
Zhenbin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Protein Accumulation

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was domesticated from wild soybean (G. soja Sieb. and Zucc.) and has been further improved as a dual-use seed crop to provide highly valuable oil and protein for food, feed, and industrial applications. However, the underlying genetic and molecular basis remains less understood. Having combined high-confidence bi-parental linkage mapping with high-resolution association analysis based on 631 whole sequenced genomes, we mapped major soybean protein and oil QTLs on chromosome15 to a sugar transporter gene (GmSWEET39). A two-nucleotide CC deletion truncating C-terminus of GmSWEET39 was strongly associated with high seed oil and low seed protein, suggesting its pleiotropic effect on protein and oil content. GmSWEET39 was predominantly expressed in parenchyma and integument of the seed coat, and likely regulates oil and protein accumulation by affecting sugar delivery from maternal seed coat to the filial embryo. We demonstrated that GmSWEET39 has a dual function for both oil and protein improvement and undergoes two different paths of artificial selection. A CC deletion (CC-) haplotype H1 has been intensively selected during domestication and extensively used in soybean improvement worldwide. H1 is fixed in North American soybean cultivars. The protein-favored (CC+) haplotype H3 still undergoes ongoing selection, reflecting its sustainable role for soybean protein improvement. The comprehensive knowledge on the molecular basis underlying the major QTL and GmSWEET39 haplotypes associated with soybean improvement would be valuable to design new strategies for soybean seed quality improvement using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of dynamically cooled and stored soybean seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacson Zuchi ◽  
José de Barros França-Neto ◽  
Carlos Sigueyuki Sediyama ◽  
Adílio Flauzino de Lacerda Filho ◽  
Múcio Silva Reis
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Storage is an important step in the production of soybean seeds, mainly in tropical regions, where high temperatures can drastically reduce seed quality. The storage at cooler temperatures may be a feasible alternative to preserve seed quality during storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds artificially cooled by a dynamic process and stored in an environment, with non controlled temperature and relativity humidity. Two seed lots of cultivars Monsoy 8757, TMG 115 RR and BRS Valiosa RR were used. After processing and during packaging the seeds were cooled to 18 ºC by a dynamic process. Seed samples were collected after 0, 60 and 120 days of storage, using the following parameters germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand, speed of emergence index, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium and seed health. Although soybean seeds artificially cooled by the dynamic method may have slightly superior performance in maintaining physiological quality during storage in non-refrigerated warehouse, for lots of high physiological quality, these advantages are not observed.

scholarly journals Improving Seed Quality of Soybean Suitable for Growing in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sudarić ◽  
Maja Matoša Kočar ◽  
Tomislav Duvnjak ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunić ◽  
Antonela Markulj Kulundžić
Keyword(s):  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Insight Into

The potential of soybean for food, feed, and pharmaceutical industry arises from the composition of its seed. Since European countries import 95% of the annual demand for soybean grains, meal, and oil, causing an enormous trade deficit, the governments in Europe had started to introduce additional incentives to stimulate soybean cropping. To rebalance the sources of soybean supply in the future, production must be followed by continuous research to create varieties that would make European soybean more appealing to the processing industry and profitable enough to satisfy European farmers. This chapter is giving an overview of the European soybean seed quality research and an insight into soybean seed quality progress made at the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia. The studies presented are mainly considering maturity groups suitable for growing in almost all European regions. The most important traits of soybean seed quality discussed are protein content and amino acid composition, oil content and fatty acid composition, soluble sugars, and isoflavones. Defining quality traits facilitates the parental selection in breeding programs aiming to improve the added value properties of final soybean products and enables the exchange of materials between different breeding and research institutions to introduce diversity, which is a prerequisite for genetic advance.

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