Effect of heat and surface pre-treatment processes on the nitriding ability of stainless steel SUS420

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Thanh Nguyen Van ◽  
◽  
Linh Nguyen Thi ◽  
Anh Pham Hoang ◽  
Trung Trinh Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Oxide ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
C 30

As-supplied SUS420 stainless steel was annealed at 880 °C for1 h and quenched (1040 °c, 30 min), followed by tempering at 530 °c for 1 h. The sample surface after tempering was polished with different roughness levels by mechanical grinding. Samples in the states of as-annealed, as-quenched and as-tempered samples as well as ground tempered ones with different surface roughness were gas nitrided with NH3 gas at 520 °c for 5 h. The microstructure and mechanical properties of SUS420 steel before and after the heat and surface treatments were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness testing. The results show that if the natural oxide layer on the surface of the SUS420 samples was not removed, the nitriding process was very difficult or even imposible. The annealed steel gave the highest nitriding depth but low surface hardness. The samples after quenching and/or tempering had lower nitriding depth but higher hardness. The surface hardness of the as-supplied steel (333 HV) decreased with annealing (181 HV). After quenching, tempering, and gas nitriding, the values were 632, 560 and > 1000 HV, respectively. The samples after nitriding showed the appearance of fine CrN phase in the nitrided layer. The highest nitriding depth (125 pm) was obtained for the annealed samples, and subsequently decreased for the quenched samples and tempered samples. The lower the roughness of the sample, the higher is the hardness. The nitrided layer thickness tended to increase as the roughness decreased.

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Ni Films on 430 Stainless Steel Substrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-861
Author(s):  
Yong Pan ◽  
Junwei Cui ◽  
Weixin Lei ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Zengsheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Texture Orientation

AbstractEffects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ni films on 430 stainless steel substrate were investigated. The Ni films were annealed at heat treatment temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 800 °C for 2 h. The surface morphology, composition, and texture orientation of Ni films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The load–indentation depth curves of Ni films before and after heat treatment were measured by using nanoindentation method. In conjunction with finite element modeling and dimensional analysis, the stress–strain relationships of Ni films on 430 stainless steel substrate at different temperatures are successfully obtained by using a power-law hardening model.

The Kinetics of Gas Nitrided Layer Growth on Austenitic Stainless Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Baranowska
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
Optical Spectrometry ◽  
Kinetics Of

This paper presents the results of investigations on gas nitrided austenitic stainless steel. The treatment was conducted at various temperatures (400-515°C), gas compositions of atmospheres used (20-100% NH3) and times (0.5-12h). The layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Light and Electron Microscopy and Glow Discharge Optical Spectrometry. The kinetics of layer growth has been analysed in terms of the process parameters and compared with the data presented for plasma treated steel. The specific nitrogen profiles of nitrided layers are discussed in the context of the layers’ microstructure and phase composition.

Effect of Temperature and Salinity on the Localized Corrosion of Stainless Steel 316L

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ismail ◽  
Lidiyawati Suhairi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Breakdown Potential ◽  
Before And After ◽  
C 30

Cyclic polarization test was used to determine the breakdown potential of passive film for stainless steel 316L at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50 °C) and different salinity (15%, 25%, and 35%). The results show the highest breakdown potential occur at low temperature and low salinity indicate that incresing the temperature and salt content in seawater will increasing the corrosion attack on 316L. Increasing the temperature from 20°C to 50°C was decrease the Ebvalue for 75%. Before and after testing, visible pits and hardness for each sample were observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vickers hardness testing. It was found that at temperature 20°C, it can be seen that number of pits is more but the pits size is a bit tiny. However, the number of pits reduce as the temperature and salinity increased but the size of the pit become larger and wide which indicate that pitting has propagate during that period. Furthermore, increasing the temperature from 20°C to 50°C also lead to increased the hardness different value which indicate that reducing in hardness properties of 316L at increasing salinity because of corrosion attack.

High-density stacking faults in a supersaturated nitrided layer on austenitic stainless steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1967-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Tong ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
Honglong Che ◽  
Ming Kai Lei ◽  
Shu Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

The nitrogen-supersaturated phase produced by low-temperature plasma-assisted nitriding of austenitic stainless steel usually contains a high density of stacking faults. However, the stacking fault density observed in previous studies was considerably lower than that determined by fitting the X-ray diffraction pattern. In this work, it has been confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy that the strip-shaped regions of about 3–25 nm in width observed at relatively low magnification essentially consist of a series of stacking faults on every second {111} atomic plane. A microstructure model of the clustered stacking faults embedded in a face-centred cubic structure was built for these regions. The simulated X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results based on this model are consistent with the observations.

Influence of Ion Nitriding Process Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness and Thermal Shock Behaviour of X3CrNiMo17-13-3 Stainless Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Vasile Rus ◽  
Gavril Negrea ◽  
George Arghir ◽  
Nicolae Jumate
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Nitriding ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Experimental Researches

The experimental researches was made on X3CrNiMo17-13-3 stainless steel samples ion nitrided at different temperatures, duration and work atmospheres. The analysis of superficial layers was made in order to identify the microstructure of the ion nitrided layer using X-ray diffraction, and also the determination of the superficial hardness and hardness gradient. The nitrided samples were subjected to two thermal shock regimes, one in the range of 500-20°C and the other in the range 600-20°C. The crack and crack networks initiation process as a result of thermal fatigue was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using optical microscopy. The study of the cracking process highlighted the fact that thermal shock resistance is influenced by the characteristics of the superficial layer and also by the maximum temperature of the thermal stress cycle.

Plasma Ion Nitriding of Low Carbon Stainless Maraging Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 675-678
Author(s):  
M. Agilan ◽  
T. Venkateswran ◽  
D. Sivakumar ◽  
Bhanu Pant
Keyword(s):  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Nitriding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stainless Maraging Steel

Low carbon stainless maraging steel (0.03%C-12%Cr-10Ni-0.6Mo-0.2Ti) is being used widely for various components of the aerospace engines. To improve the wear resistance of the steel various surface hardening processes are being utilized to improve the surface hardness above 900HV. In this present research, plasma nitriding was carried out at two different temperatures of 450 °C and 475 °C for the holding duration of 10 hrs. Temperature of the nitrding process was ensured below the ageing temperature (500 °C) of the steel to avoid lowering of mechanical properties. Effect of plasma nitriding parameters on the surface hardness, case depth, microstructure and phases present in the nitrided layer were investigated in detail using microhardness analysis across the nitrided layer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that increase in nitriding temperature increased the surface hardness and case depth. In addition, the presence of Fe3N and Fe4N phases in the nitrided layer were observed using X-ray diffraction technique.

Oxidation Characteristics of Various Nickel Composite Coated on Ferritic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Asep Ridwan Setiawan ◽  
Raden Dadan Ramdan ◽  
Budi Prawara ◽  
Steven Steven ◽  
Rochim Suratman
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Service Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Oxidation Characteristics ◽  
Before And After

The present works concerns in developing alternative interconnect material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) application. For this purpose, ferritic stainless steel is used as the substrate material while various nickel composite layers were coated on the substrate in order to improve its oxidation resistance at SOFC application temperature. Nickel layers were deposited on ferritic stainless steel by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method. In order to create nickel-oxide layer, the coated samples is then heated at temperature of 950°C for 1 hour, wherease sol-gel coating was performed on the coated samples in order to create nickel manganese oxide spinnel composite layers. All samples were then oxidized at temperature 800°C for 8 hours, in order to evaluate their oxidation characteristics at SOFC service temperature. Before and after oxidation, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to all samples. It was observed that coated samples effectively inhibit the formation of chromium oxide that normally occurs on stainless steel surface at SOFC service temperature.

Study on Surface Nanocrystallization of TiAl Alloys Induced by HEBMT

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1250-1254
Author(s):  
Tian Hang Yao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Ming Yang Zhang ◽  
Di Ni Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tial Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Nanocrystalline Layer ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Utilize the high-energy ball milling techniques (HEBMT) to get a certain thickness of the nanocrystalline layer in gradient structure on TiAl-based alloys surface, while using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques to analyze the microscopic structure of the surface and study its variation along the depth direction. The results show that through HEBMT, the sample surface can get nanocrystallization and its nano-grain size can be refined to less than 10nm while having a 15μm nanocrystalline layer. Nanoindentation tests show that the surface hardness of the samples after HEBMT can be significantly increased from 340HV to 922HV.

scholarly journals Combating the Tribo-Corrosion of LDX2404 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel by Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding

Lubricants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Wenbo Dou ◽  
Linhai Tian ◽  
Hanshan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Lean Duplex Stainless Steel

A lean duplex stainless steel, LDX2404, was DC plasma nitrided under a range of treatment conditions. The microstructure characterisation evaluation of the treated samples revealed that a dense, super-hard surface layer can be produced by low-temperature (<450 °C) plasma treatments. The original austenite phase became S-phase and the ferrite phase was supersaturated with nitrogen and ε-Fe3N nitride precipitated from it. When plasma nitriding was carried out at above 450 °C, chromium nitrides precipitated in the surface nitrided layer. Compared to the untreated samples, the surface hardness of the lean duplex stainless steel (DSS) is increased up to four times. The dry wear resistance increased when increasing the treatment temperature. In contrast, the low-temperature treated samples showed the best performance in the electrochemical corrosion and corrosion-wear tests; the performance of the high temperature (>450 °C) plasma nitrided samples was found to be significantly worse than that of the untreated material.

The Effect of Low-Temperature Glow Discharge Nitriding of Duplex Stainless Steel on Absorption and Desorption of Hydrogen

2011 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Gołębiowski ◽  
Tadeusz Zakroczymski ◽  
Wiesław Świątnicki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Absorption Of Hydrogen

The effect of the nitrided layers produced on ferritic-austenitic stainless steel to hydrogen absorption and desorption was studied. The layers were formed during low-temperature glow discharge nitriding process. The microstructure of steel after nitriding and cathodic hydrogen charging was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One of the objectives was to determine the quantity of hydrogen absorbed by the steel samples with and without the nitrided layer. To determine the quantity of the diffusible and trapped hydrogen, the electrochemical permeation and desorption methods were used. The influence of the nitrided layer on the entry, absorption and desorption of hydrogen was determined. The results revealed that the nitrided layer hinders absorption of hydrogen into and desorption of hydrogen from the membrane.

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