scholarly journals The Effect of Student Financial Constraints on University Non-Completion Rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Evelyn Chiyevo Garwe ◽  
Elizabeth Maganga
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
The Government

<p>The year 2009 saw the government of Zimbabwe redesigning cost-sharing in higher education to lean more towards higher contributions by students and private players. This study was aimed at investigating the effects that this strategy has on university completion rates by students from low socio-economic backgrounds. The study used a quantitative design methodology in a longitudinal study framework incorporating data from three cohorts embarking on four-year study programmes from 2009 to 2014. Administrative data from the Zimbabwe Council for Higher Education database involving six state universities was used. The findings reveal that the graduation rates decreased from 86% in the 2009 cohort to 76% in the 2010 cohort and 75% in the 2011 cohort. This finding coincides with the period from 2013 onwards when cadetship funds dried off. Thus the study clearly revealed a problem of increasing attrition rates creeping into the revered and quality-assured Zimbabwean higher education system. The study recommends the need for conceited efforts by the private sector, government and universities in funding higher education through loans and other forms of sponsorship.</p>

scholarly journals Creating World-Class Universities in Japan: Policy and Initiatives

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Oba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Higher Education Reform ◽  
Develop World ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Government ◽  
World Class Universities

For a very long time the Japanese government concentrated its higher education investment on a handful of national institutions, until the policy came to be called into question in the late 1980s in the face of globalisation and other factors. Higher education reform was significantly accelerated in the 1990s: the government has continuously deregulated the higher education system including the incorporation of national universities, and has brought more and more competition through diverse competitive funding schemes. Some policies – not only higher education policies but also science and technology ones – were explicitly designed to develop ‘world-class’ education and research centres, such as the 21st COE programme. This article suggests that although a funding policy based on competition, with a strict evaluation, seems to be a move in the right direction, a right balance of budget allocation between competitive funds and basic education-research funds should be sought. Furthermore, the programmes of the government have to be offered in a more consistent manner, and more concerted and integrated efforts will be required, to address the critical problem of building world-class universities.

scholarly journals Appearance and Development of Short-Term Higher Education Vocational Training in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Barbara Máté-Szabó ◽  
Dorina Anna Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Comparative

Abstract Introduction: This article examines the first level of the European higher education system, namely the short-cycle higher education trainings related to the ISCED 5 whose Hungarian characteristics, and its historical changes were described. Methods: We examined participation rates among OECD countries. As there are large differences in the short-cycle higher education trainings in Europe, we have relied on data that makes the different systems comparable. Results and discussion: The interpretation, definition and practical orientation of the trainings varies from country to country, we presented the Hungarian form in connection with the results of international comparative studies and data. To understand the role of trainings, it is essential to get to know their history, especially because short-term higher educational trainings were transformed in several European countries. Conclusions: Prioritising or effacing the social-political role of short-cycle higher education trainings depending on the political orientation of the government and as a part of this, prioritising the disadvantaged regions instead of the disadvantaged students.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of Development and Management of Higher Education in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Rohatgi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Current System ◽  
Indian Education ◽  
State Universities ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
State Education ◽  
Education In India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Funds Allocation

History of Indian education dates back to over 5,000 years. Education in the Vedic and Muslim periods was found to be based on religion while the Buddhist period gave world-class universities. In the British period, education oscillated between being a central subject and a provincial subject. The Constitution of India placed education as a state subject, which was later transferred to the Concurrent List in 1976. But due to lack of coordination between the centre and state governments, the higher education system is found to be in a critical state. Further, there is significant disparity in funds allocation to central and state universities by the central regulator, UGC, which further worsens the situation. The current system can work, if the centre makes the law with a broader view and leaves the states with enough power to customise it. There is need to establish State Education Councils in every state to better assess the need of state universities and recommend/allocate the funds accordingly.

scholarly journals The Thorny Excellence Initiative in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Altbach ◽  
Rahul Choudaha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Research University ◽  
High Impact ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Excellence Initiative ◽  
Impact Research ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Government

India enrolls 35 million students in its large and complex higher education system. In its ambition to enter world-class university rankings, the government has identified six “Institutions of Eminence.” The case of the “greenfield” Jio Institute exemplifies the thorny policy landscape and expectations of building a high-impact research university.

Homeownership rates of financially constrained households

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Cecilia Enström-Öst ◽  
Bo Söderberg ◽  
Mats Wilhelmsson
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Tenure Choice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rental Housing Market

Purpose This paper aims to examine tenure choice in the Swedish housing market with explicit consideration of households’ credit constraints in combination with age and ethnic background. Design/methodology/approach Observations of some 940,000 households were used to analyse the Stockholm housing market in 2008, prior to the implementation of the mortgage cap. The tenure choice models were estimated using a two-stage instrument variable (IV) logit and probit model with ownership or renting as outcome. Findings The results suggest, as expected, that being financially restricted is negatively related to owning. In particular, financial restriction is more binding for young households and households with a foreign background than for other types of households. These two sub-groups are also known to have difficulties establishing themselves in the rental housing market, and are therefore specifically vulnerable to further financial constraints such as borrowing restrictions or amortization requirements. Originality/value The government in Sweden has become concerned with the rapid growth in household indebtedness. As a response, a 0.85 loan-to-value ratio mortgage cap was introduced in 2010. However, critics are concerned with the effects this may have on the possibility for certain households to purchase a dwelling.

scholarly journals Vital Problems of the Career Guidance Work in Higher Education Establishments: The Socio-Economic Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
H. B. Cherusheva ◽  
А. V. Syniakov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Essential Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Migration

The latest years are marked by the considerably aggravated demographic situation in Ukraine, which enhanced the competition among higher education establishments (HEEs) on the education services market and intensified the vocational guidance work in HEEs among student youth. The vocational guidance work, gaining special significance as early as in times of Ukraine’s transition to the market economy, still remains an important element of the government policy. It helps identify and purposefully develop talents and inclinations of a person, his/her professional and cognitive interests regarding the choice of future specialty, effectively increase his/her social and professional mobility and form his/her needs and willingness to labor activities. The authors justify the need for essential change in the higher education system of Ukraine. The social background for the professional choice, the dynamics of value orientations and values of student youth, specifics of the vocational guidance work in HEEs are studied by case of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit (NASAA). Details of the system for vocational guidance work in NASAA are given, with formulating its core objectives and outlining the phases and areas of implementation. Results of a survey lead the authors to the conclusion about a gap between the needs of the labor market in highly skilled specialists, on the one hand, and the professional orientations and choices of student youth, on the other, resulting in a higher probability of casual entrances of applicants to HEEs. This gives birth to moral and psychological collisions of the personal nature, with the subsequent dissatisfaction with the chosen profession, staff turnover and migration of young specialists across economic sectors. It is revealed that full-fledged and comprehensive information and education efforts and qualified vocational guidance services on professional choice rendered to student youth can be most effective given the concerted actions of HEEs, schools and other social institutes.   The authors’ studies allow them to identify problematic points in the vocational guidance work and outline the main areas of further improvements in the vocational guidance.

scholarly journals The implementation of policy for the appointment of government employees with work contract in New State Universities (A Study in Borneo Tarakan University)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Tri Susilo ◽  
Bambang Santoso Haryono ◽  
Ainul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Higher Education Access ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Work Contract

Abstract This research investigated the implementation of policy for the appointment of lecturers and education staffs in Borneo Tarakan University as government employees based on work contract. One of the attempt made by the government to evenly provide higher education access throughout Indonesia was by converting several private-owned universities into new state-owned universities. The policy explained that all properties, students, rights and obligation which had been under private institutions’ responsibility were then transferred to the government. However, this policy excludes the transfer of employees who work in the universities. The policy also mentions that all staffs are required to carry out their regular works until new regulations are released. Unfortunately, this policy often led to issues regarding the certainty of employee’s status at work as. After going through a complex process, Presidential Regulation Number 10 of 2016 has been released, in which it is stated that all lecturers and education staffs are appointed as government employees based on work contract. Despite the release of this regulation, until the time this research was conducted, the appointment had not yet been carried out. This descriptive qualitative research has revealed that the policy has not yet been well administered in Borneo Tarakan University due to some problems.

scholarly journals HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY: AMBITIONS AND GOALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
V.S. Akimova ◽  
◽  
S.S. Atlasova ◽  
K.E. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Japan is a developing country but is getting diffi cult to hold in leadership 21st century. The domestic lack of raw materials fosters the government to count on competitive power of science and the higher education system. Japanese system of higher education must become demanded in the world. The history of Hokkaido University, the oldest institution in the country and is being modernized at present, is reviewed. It is noted that various mid-term and long-term measures have been developed and implemented. The university partakes in diff erent activities to raise the university international rating.

scholarly journals Track and Sector in Egyptian Higher Education: Who Studies Where and Why?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Abdelkhalek ◽  
Ray Langsten
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Education System ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Partial Privatization ◽  
University System ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Face ◽  
Track Placement

Following the 1952 revolution, the Egyptian higher education system grew rapidly, with post-secondary institutes complementing the expanding university system. Private post-secondary institutes were permitted from 1970; in the early 1990s financial constraints and pressures for cost recovery prompted legislation allowing private universities. In the face of expansion, diversification, and partial privatization, concerns have arisen about equity in higher education opportunities. The 2014 Survey of Young People in Egypt is used to examine correlates of higher education track placement and of sector placement within tracks.

scholarly journals The Bologna Process Engagement of Ukraine: Twelve Years Towards the European Educational Process

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Evgen Khan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Bologna Declaration ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Bologna Process

The integration and deepening cooperation with Europe within the scope of higher education remains essential for the European integrative aspirations of Ukraine. For years, our country has been a strategic partner of Europe. Since Ukraine gained its independence, the government kept on declaring ambitions to implement the European principles in all sectors of life. So does it concerning the sphere of higher education. In 2005 Ukraine signed the Bologna Declaration and therefore officially joined the Bologna process. To this end, Ukraine assumed obligations to partake in reforming the system of higher education and to implement the European standards of education therein. For many years Ukraine was closely cooperating with European countries within the framework of science and education. Over twenty five years a series of international agreements have been signed between Ukraine and the countries of Europe, both at governmental level and that of the Ministries of Education. Moreover, a number of interdepartmental agreements have been signed at the academic level. May 19, 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of the Bologna declaration accession of Ukraine. Twenty years of experience of Ukraine’s participation in the Bologna process still generate interest and provoke discussions within the Ukrainian society, foremost in the academic world, as well as among students, professors, politicians, officials, analysts and experts. This article investigates the key elements of Ukraine’s participation in the Bologna process. It as well covers the European-oriented reform of the higher education system for over ten years and analyses the efficacy and success thereof. The article emphasizes benefits and drawbacks of Ukraine’s joining the Bologna process.

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