scholarly journals An Exploration of Gender Based Differences in Workplace Values

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fapohunda, Tinuke. M
Keyword(s):  
Career Advancement ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Workplace Values ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Basic Ideas

Possible gender differences in the workplace are always a hot topic because they might explain why men continue to dominate in the jobs arena, despite the significant headway being made by women. Recent data indicate that males and females have somewhat differing priorities in their jobs but share basic ideas of what they think is important. Some research has shown that a supposed values gap between male and female workers does not explain away why men continue to enjoy greater career advancement than women. Social scientists have also theorized that work environments can embody both "male" and "female" characteristics, which may impact job satisfaction. Taking steps to better understand worker’s values can bring about important advantage in developing workable and well-supported policies. Understanding what men and women value in a job is important to designing effective approaches to human resource management and in skill development initiatives.

scholarly journals Evidence for dysanapsis using computed tomographic imaging of the airways in older ex-smokers

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1622-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. William Sheel ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette ◽  
Ren Yuan ◽  
Lukas Holy ◽  
John R. Mayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Airway Tree ◽  
Conducting Airways ◽  
The Relationship

We sought to determine the relationship between lung size and airway size in men and women of varying stature. We also asked if men and women matched for lung size would still have differences in airway size and if so where along the pulmonary airway tree would these differences exist. We used computed tomography to measure airway luminal areas of the large and central airways. We determined airway luminal areas in men ( n = 25) and women ( n = 25) who were matched for age, body mass index, smoking history, and pulmonary function and in a separate set of men ( n = 10) and women ( n = 11) who were matched for lung size. Men had greater values for the larger airways and many of the central airways. When male and female subjects were pooled there were significant associations between lung size and airway size. Within the male and female groups the magnitudes of these associations were decreased or nonsignificant. In males and females matched for lung size women had significantly smaller airway luminal areas. The larger conducting airways in females are significantly smaller than those of males even after controlling for lung size.

Male and Female Photographic Representation in 50 Years of Music Educators Journal

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Kruse ◽  
Robin Giebelhausen ◽  
Heather N. Shouldice ◽  
Andrea L. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Professional Expectations

Considering the potential for stereotypes to shape professional expectations, the four researchers in this study investigated photographic representation of adult men and women in implied positions of authority in 50 years (1962–2011) of issues of Music Educators Journal ( MEJ). Data included every photograph ( N = 7,288) of adults conducting, teaching or presenting, or granted the authority of having their picture labeled with their name (named persons), and were analyzed by year over the 50-year period. Results showed that females composed 28% of these photographs, with the largest representation of females being found in the teaching/presenting category (56%) and markedly smaller representations of females found in the conducting (21%) and named persons (20%) categories. Fluctuations in certain categories across the five decades suggest that while representation of males and females in MEJ has changed in 50 years, inequity persists. Implications include a call for greater attention and effort toward equitable representation in music education media for publishers, authors, and other contributors in addition to increased sensitivity to the representations of male and female stereotypes and professional expectations encountered by music educators and students.

Gender and the underexpression of friendliness in the service context

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Luong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe double-bind hypothesis proposes that gender-based stereotypes of emotion expression exist, which effect how males and females are evaluated. Using videotapes depicting transactions between male/female employees and customers, the current study examined whether the double-bind hypothesis occurs within a service context. Participants (N = 141) who viewed a male and female service employee expressing friendly or non-friendly emotion evaluated the employees and rated their sincerity. Results provided partial support for the double-bind hypothesis. When service employees failed to express friendly emotion, the female was more negatively evaluated. However, evaluations and ratings of sincerity were not significantly different when both genders expressed friendly emotion. These findings suggest that employees occupy both work and gender roles, and expectations of each role will influence how their emotional expressions are evaluated. Gender of participants also effected service evaluations. Consistent with prior research, females focus more on the relational aspect of service than do males.

Are Women in Female Jobs for Their Health? A Study of Working Conditions and Health Effects in the Fish-Processing Industry in Quebec

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Messing ◽  
Jean-Pierre Reveret
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fatigue Stress ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Health Related

A questionnaire concerning environmental conditions, work organization, and health-related symptoms was administered to 209 male and female workers in fish-processing plants in Quebec. Jobs in these factories were “ghettoized,” with 88.9 percent of job titles held primarily (more than 75 percent) by members of one sex. In general, significantly more women than men reported that their work sites exposed them to environmental aggressors such as noise and cold. Women also reported significantly more often that their jobs were uninteresting, that they could not move around, and that their work speed was fast. Women reported fatigue, stress, insomnia, digestive problems, and aches and pains significantly more often than did men (analysis controlled for age). When the effects of work speed were examined specifically, it was found that a fast work speed was associated with fatigue, stress, insomnia, and digestive problems in both sexes, and with aches and pains in women. It is suggested that women are required to work at a faster speed than men, and that this is a factor in the greater prevalence of health-related symptoms among women. Our interpretation of these data calls into question the commonly held belief that men and women are assigned to sex-specific jobs in order to protect the health of “the weaker sex.”

scholarly journals Gender Based Linguistic Variations in Urdu Language and Their Role in Suppression of Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Rehana yasmin Anjum ◽  
Fakhra Amjad ◽  
Saira Yousaf ◽  
Faiza Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sexist Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Oriented Approach

Sociolinguistics deals with linguistic variations such as dialect, idiolect, genderlect, register etc. It deals with ways of using particular languages and the social roles of speakers of these languages.  It is the speaker-oriented approach. Genders have different characteristics in the use of language, which lead to the gender differences in language. The present study was conducted to analyze the gender-based linguistic variations (variations at discourse and communication level) in Urdu language. Deborah Tannen’s Genderlect theory is the theoretical Background of the study. She has presented six sets of language contrasts that are used as instrument to analyze male and female conversations. It is commonly believed that women language is more sophisticated, apologetic as compared to men. These differences are called gender preferential differences in a patriarchal society with their own fancies and whims. The hypothesis is that men and women have different ways of communicating, based on male and female perception of the world as they are made of different things and contrasting style. The qualitative paradigm used in this study. Direct observation, interview and tape recording are used as tools for the data collection. Recorded conversation has been transcribed and analyzed to provide data from which these issues have been discussed. The researcher has analyzed Urdu language conversation among Urdu speech community living specially in Sialkot, according to Tannen’s speech contrasts. The data was analyzed manually. The findings show that variations occur due to the use of various linguistic devices, style, topic of discussion, power etc. This study is limited to the Urdu speech community. The limitation of my research is that I observed the language of middle class Urdu speech community not the other classes. In this research, I only highlighted variations at communication level, and delimited all other variations such as morphological, syntactic, phonological variations. Future researchers can study these aspects. The study will benefit the whole society in creation of awareness about non-sexist language to give a psychological identity of females in Pakistan.

Gender-based Susceptibility to Interpersonal Influences in Buying Fashion Products in Surabaya, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Evi Thelia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Interpersonal Influences ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Based

Objective - As sales in the fashion industry continue to grow, consumer behaviour with respect to purchasing fashion products has also grown. This paper provides an overview of consumers' susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) and examines whether there is the difference between male and female consumers with respect to buying fashion products in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methodology/Technique - The conceptual framework in this paper compares males and females in terms of their normative susceptibility to interpersonal influences (NSI) and informative susceptibility to interpersonal influences (ISI). The study uses a quantitative methodology with an independent sample t-test for analysis. The data is collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 200 respondents, being 100 males and 100 females, falling between the ages of 17 and 45 years old. Further, all respondents live in Surabaya, Indonesia. Findings – There study results show that thre is no difference in normative susceptibility to interpersonal influences (NSI) between males and females however, there is a difference in informative susceptibility to interpersonal influences (ISI) between male and female, with respect to purchasing fashion products. Novelty - This study provides an insight into the similarity in normative susceptibility to interpersonal influences and differences in informative susceptibility to interpersonal influences (ISI) between males and females. This information may be useful for fashion manufacturers, vendors and other interested stakeholders. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Gender-based Marketing; Consumers' Susceptibility to Interpersonal Influences; Purchasing Behavior; Fashion Products. JEL Classification: M30, M31.

Autobiographical Correlates of Achievement Motivation in Men and Women

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-817
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Structured autobiographies were written by 352 male and 337 female entering freshmen. Separately for males and females, groups were formed of the high scorers (top 27%) and low scorers (bottom 27%) on each of the CPI variables, Achievement via Conformity (Ac) and Achievement via Independence (Ai). Chi square comparisons were made of the high and low scorers on all the variables resulting from a content analysis of the autobiographies. High-Ac male and female students perceived their parental and sibling relationships as more positive than the low-Acs. High-Ais report a less favorable perception of their mothers. During adolescence high-Ac girls apparently fare markedly better, while high-Ai boys seem significantly less happy and well adjusted during this period.

Perceptions on gender-based differences in educational leadership

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Fakhra Aziz ◽  
Qudsia Kalsoom ◽  
Uzma Quraishi ◽  
Sibte Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Educational Leadership ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This descriptive, qualitative study aimed at identifying disparities in perceptions of males and females regarding gender-based differences in educational leadership. Data were gathered purposively from 20 renowned male and female educationists having a long experience of leadership in various institutes of Pakistan. An open-ended questionnaire was used as a research tool to express their perceptions. Data were thematically analyzed under pre-defined categories borrowed from different leadership theorists. The results showed that both male and female respondents perceive that males have more leadership qualities as compared to females. It is especially true about abilities of decision-making and empowering the employees.

Gender and the underexpression of friendliness in the service context

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Luong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe double-bind hypothesis proposes that gender-based stereotypes of emotion expression exist, which effect how males and females are evaluated. Using videotapes depicting transactions between male/female employees and customers, the current study examined whether the double-bind hypothesis occurs within a service context. Participants (N = 141) who viewed a male and female service employee expressing friendly or non-friendly emotion evaluated the employees and rated their sincerity. Results provided partial support for the double-bind hypothesis. When service employees failed to express friendly emotion, the female was more negatively evaluated. However, evaluations and ratings of sincerity were not significantly different when both genders expressed friendly emotion. These findings suggest that employees occupy both work and gender roles, and expectations of each role will influence how their emotional expressions are evaluated. Gender of participants also effected service evaluations. Consistent with prior research, females focus more on the relational aspect of service than do males.

scholarly journals HOW AN ENGLISH BOOK ILLUSTRATES GENDER ROLE IN THIS ERA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyuni Floriasti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovative Material ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Share Information

Language is a tool to express feeling, idea, and share information. Language reflections  the speakers who have many things in common such as tradition, background, values and customs, then they have their own culture in communication among them.  Thus, it can be said that they have their own standard for leveling the social class, sexual orientation, language home, and gender roles in the society. Since language is a part of culture so  learners need to be aware of values in the society. For instance, learners, speakers of the language itself  or whoever interest  to  the language need to see the roles of male and female in the professional   and daily life which has been shifted from unpopular profession for female workers to favored career.  It cannot be ignored that in the  dreality, several English guidebooks for students still contain unresponsive gender pictures as media to introduce English material.  Women are profiled as nurses, housekeepers, nannies, and other unpopular positions while man  are figured as directors, CEO, pilots, doctors, and other most-wanted careers. In fact, the roles of women and men have been shifted and they have  equal   position now in professional life. This situation turned teachers and lecturers to be more creative in designing innovative material. Thus, teachers need to integrate not only such important points as good English material but also knowledge of gender into students’ materials. Therefore, learners and the society get and apply the knowledge and start appreciating each other, both men and women.

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