Community attitude towards Community Health Fund on Health Security in Kalambo District, Rukwa Region, Tanzania

Community Health Fund (CHF) is one among health insurance schemes found in Tanzania. It was established in 1996 with the aim of improving the health of people who work in informal sectors. However, since its formulation, it has not performed well; the majority of HHs are not members, and some members are withdrawing from the scheme. The overall objective was to assess the attitude of community members towards the importance of CHF for health security. Specifically, the paper assesses the attitude towards CHF interventions among members and non-members of CHF and compares the attitude between members and non-members of CHF on health security. Cross sectional research design was used in this study. Simple random sampling technique using the lottery method was employed to select 354 respondents. Data were collected using a household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions guide, Key Informant Interviews checklist and documents’ reviews. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings show that CHF has inclusive benefits to its members as it covers costs of health treatment rather than paying money every time they attend medical treatments. Furthermore, the attitude towards CHF among members and non-members was accounted for 9.3% and 51.9 negative, 2.3% and 4.1 neutral and 88.4 and 44.0 positive. This indicates that the majority of people in the study area had a positive attitude towards CHF services. Thus, the study concludes that a great proportion of members of CHF in Kalambo District have positive attitude towards CHF intervention while the majority of non-members have negative attitude towards CHF intervention because they were not aware of it due to lack of knowledge. It is recommended that the government should mainstream CHF intervention to all communities so that non-members can join the scheme and hence get better health services. Also, the study recommends that the CHF service providers should put more emphasis on sensitising communities against negative attitudes from non-members of CHF.

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Contributions of Community Health Fund to Social Health Security in Kalambo District Rukwa, Tanzania

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 369

Author(s):

Alexander D. Kasonso ◽

Emanuel E. Chingonikaya ◽

Anna N. Sikira

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Social Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Security ◽

Health Fund ◽

District Council

Community Health Fund (CHF) was established in 1996 as a District Council based pre-payment health insurance scheme in Tanzania with the aim of improving health of communities working in the informal sectors. However, since its formulation, it has been performing unsatisfactorily, and hence majority of Households (HHs) are not members while other members are withdrawing from the scheme. This necessitated the need for assessing the contribution of CHF on social health security among members. Specifically, this paper examined the challenges faced by households regarding CHF membership and analysed the contributions of CHF on its member. The study area was Kalambo District Council. A cross-sectional research design was used, whereas a simple random sampling technique through lottery method was employed to select the sample size of 354 respondents. Qualitative data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), while quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire. Quantitative data were coded and analysed using IBM-SPSS. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. The results show that CHF contributed to social health security among its members in the study area, through provision of health services to its members once they fall sick. On other hand, CHF had few members as only 24.3% of HHs had membership to CHF. One of the barriers for CHF was lack of awareness among communities about the existence of CHF, while other cited lack of money for contributing to CHF. Thus, the study concludes that CHF has not contributed significantly to the health security among targeted members. The study recommends that, CHF officials should widely sensitize communities through seminars and meetings about CHF and its benefits to them. Furthermore, CHF stakeholders should coordinate communities in the area to establish financial institutions such as Village Community Banks (VICOBA) where they can save and borrow money for registration cards.

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Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pubertal Health among Adolescent Girls

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v17i4.1559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 437-442

Author(s):

Binita Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Moderate Level ◽

Future Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Adolescence is a critical period and is associated with physical and psycho-social changes induced by puberty, which builds personality, behaviour, and future health of the adolescents. Thus, the aim of the study was to find out the knowledge and attitude regarding pubertal health of adolescence girls.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur Metropolitan City’s secondary level schools. A total of 183 adolescent girls were selected using probability simple random sampling from 5 schools out of total 43 schools which were also selected by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by using structured self-administered questionnaire for knowledge and likert’s scale was used for attitude regarding pubertal health. Results: Study findings revealed that 61.4% of the students belonged to early adolescence (11-14) age group with the mean age 14.27±1.33 years. Majority (80.3%) had moderate level of knowledge and around half (48.6%) had positive attitude. Knowledge and attitude varied with the respondents’ level of education (p=0.001), relation to sibling (p=0.013) and source of information by elder sister (p=0.022), teachers/school (p=0.001).Moderately positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude which was highly significant (r=0.395, p<0.001).Conclusions: Majority of respondents had moderate level of knowledge and half of the respondent had positive attitude regarding pubertal health. Findings of the study emphasizes on improvement in education of adolescent girls which can help uplift health status and minimize vulnerability to health issues of pubertal health. Keywords: Adolescents; attitude; knowledge; pubertal health; puberty.

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Hubungan antara Perilaku Sanitasi Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tarus

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.35508/mkm.v2i2.2498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

Rusmini Marslan Arsyad ◽

Engelina Nabuasa ◽

Enjelita M. Ndoen

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Environmental Sanitation ◽

Study Approach

DHF is one of the widespread infectious diseases in Indonesia, with an increased infected number of sufferers. DHF case is closely related to environmental sanitation, wich causes the availability of breeding places for the Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors. The study was to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation behavior and the case of DHF in the working area of the Tarus Community Health Center in 2020. The study design was descriptive-analytical with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample was_99 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected from interviews and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the varuabels of knowledge (p = 0.000), attitudes (p = 0.021), and actions to environmental sanitation (p = 0.000) were related to the DHF case. The Tarus Community Health Center should increase outreach activities and family empowerment efforts related to the prevention and control of DHF.

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Effect of Community-Based Intervention (Pregnant Women’s Conference) on Institutional Delivery in Ethiopia

10.5772/intechopen.97315 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melash Belachew Asresie ◽

Gizachew Worku Dagnew

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Institutional Delivery ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Danger Signs ◽

The Government

Institutional delivery is the foundation for diminishing maternal mortality. Evidence showed that community-based behavioral change interventions are increasing institutional delivery in developing countries. By understanding this, the government of Ethiopia launched a community-based intervention called “pregnant women’s conferences” to improve institutional delivery. This study was conducted to assess its effectiveness on institutional delivery among 871 women who gave birth within the last 12 months (435: pregnant women’s conference attendants and 436: pregnant women’s conference non-attendants) in 2017. It was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study and participants were selected using a multistage-simple random sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The result showed that institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conferences was 54.3% (95%CI: 49.9–59.1), higher compared with 39.9% (95%CI: 35.3%- 44.7%) of women who did not attend the conference. Likewise, the level of well-preparedness for birth was higher among women who attended the conference (P = 38.9%, 95%CI: 33.8–43.7), compared with their counterparts (P = 25.7%, 95% CI: 22.2–29.4). Similarly, women’s knowledge of obstetric danger signs was higher among women who attended the conference. Therefore, encouraging pregnant women to attend the conference should be strengthened.

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Knowledge and Effects of Teenage Pregnancies Among the Adolescent Girls Between 13 To 19 Years at Mukono Parish Kanungu District – Uganda.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v1i12.2. ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Hubert Nkabura

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

School Curriculum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Teen Mother ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government ◽

Available Information

Background: Teenage pregnancy prevalence is at 25%, 16% of Ugandan women are married by the age of 15 years, and 53% by the age of 18 years. Available information reveals that teenage pregnancies carry a higher health risk and girls under 15 years are five times more likely to die in childbirth than females in their twenties. An estimate of 6,000 teenagers dies annually from maternal related complications. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2016 where a total of 100 respondents were selected from Mukono Parish residents’ register using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire. Results: 76% had prior knowledge about sex education whereas 24% had not. 42% got the information from the school a gesture that respondents took part in the classroom discussion about sexuality, 28% from newspapers –straight talk, 16% health worker, and 14% from their parents. 45% believed that school dropout is due to social effect of teenage pregnancy, 34% said that teen mother is more likely to have no or low qualifications and 9% said that child of a teen mother is more likely to abuse drugs, 12% don’t know any of the social effects. Conclusion and recommendations: Teenagers in Uganda are informed about sex education. The government in conjunction with the development partners needs to include sex education in the school curriculum. The girl child needs to be educated on how to protect herself and avoid becoming a victim of teenage pregnancy. Parents should not shy away from educating their children about sex education while they are still young, by so doing the teens grow knowing the consequences of early pregnancy. Pregnant teenagers need to be encouraged to attend antenatal care as well as welcomed into society without stigmatization.

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Pengaruh Usia, Pendidikan, dan Pengetahuan Terhadap Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Maron, Kabupaten Probolinggo

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v2i4.2018.356-363 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 356

Author(s):

Fauziah Itsnaini Shofiana ◽

Denok Widari ◽

Sri Sumarmi

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Control Program ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Problem ◽

The Government ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Background: Anemia is a major nutritional problem in Indonesian, one of the occurs in pregnant women. Therefore the government issued prevention and control program of iron deficiency anemia through consecutive iron supplementation for at least 90 days during pregnancy.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of age, education and knowledge of consumption of iron tablets.Methods: This research was conducted in Maron Public Health Center, District of Probolinggo using a cross sectional design. A sample of 40 pregnant women in their last trimester who have received 90 iron tablets was recruited with a simple random sampling technique. The influence of age, education, and knowledge was analyzed using logistic regression test with significance value < 0,05.Results: The results showed that the knowledge of pregnant women affected of consumption of iron tablets (p=0.026), but age (p=0.914), education (p=0.419) did not affected of consumption of iron tablets. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that consumption of iron tablets in pregnant women is influenced by knowledge of pregnant women. The lack knowledge of the mother, the lower the level consumption of iron tablets. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Anemia merupakan masalah gizi utama di Indonesia, salah satunya terjadi pada ibu hamil. Oleh karena itu pemerintah mengeluarkan program pencegahan dan pengendalian anemia defisiensi besi melalui suplementasi besi berturut-turut selama setidaknya 90 hari selama kehamilan.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh usia, pendidikan, dan pengetahuan terhadap konsumsi tablet tambah darah.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Maron, Kabupaten Probolinggo menggunakan desain cross sectional, sampel sebanyak 40 ibu hamil TM III yang mendapatkan 90 tablet besi dengan teknik simple random sampling. Pengaruh usia, pendidikan, dan pengetahuan dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik dengan nilai signifikansi <0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan ibu hamil berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi tablet besi (p = 0.026) , tapi usia (p = 0.914), pendidikan (p = 0.419) tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi tablet besi.Kesimpulan: Konsumsi tablet besi pada ibu hamil dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan ibu hamil. Rendahnya pengetahuan ibu, maka akan tingkat konsumsi tablet tambah darah semakin rendah.

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Knowledge and Attitudes toward HIV and People Living with HIV (PLWH) among Public Health Midwives in the Galle District, Sri Lanka

Gestão e Sociedade ◽

10.21171/ges.v14i40.3337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (40) ◽

pp. 3965-3982

Author(s):

Jihye SUK ◽

Nuwan Prasad Aravinda ◽

Vijitha DeSilva ◽

Shayna Clancy ◽

L. Gayani Tillekeratne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Community Health ◽

Community Health Workers ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Health Workers ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Keywords Hiv

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess HIV-related knowledge and attitudes of PHMs, the frontline community health workers in Sri Lanka. Two-hundred and ninety-one PHMs were recruited. PHMs’ knowledge level was good (79.9% of answers were correct) but could be improved. Those more knowledgeable about HIV and with higher education demonstrated a more positive attitude toward PLWH. A more negative attitude, less training and older age were associated with having a stronger intention to engage in extra precautionary behaviors. PHMs need further HIV training to improve their knowledge to better educate the community. By reducing PHMs misperceptions about HIV, they may develop a more positive attitude and thus help reduce the general public’s stigma associated with PLWH. Keywords: HIV, PLWH, Stigma, attitude, community health workers, midwives, Asia, Sri Lanka

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Determinan Pemilihan Implan Pada Pasangan Usia Subur Di Kecamatan Medan Petisah

Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan: Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior ◽

10.47034/ppk.v2i2.4144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Ayu Amalia Rahmi ◽

Ella Nurlaella Hadi

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Health Workers ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Survey Method ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government

ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Penduduk Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dari 265.015.300 orang pada tahun 2018 menjadi 268.074.600 orang pada tahun 2019. Pemerintah membuat program untuk mengintervensi masalah pertumbuhan penduduk yang tidak terkendali yaitu program keluarga berencana (KB). Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) dengan implan menjadi salah satu alat kontrasepsi unggulan dari BKKBN.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran perilaku pemilihan implan dan determinannya.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan survei analitik cross sectional. Sampel 85 akseptor dari 560 dipilih dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil. Sebanyak 11.8% responden menggunakan metode implan. 71.8% responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang, 65.9% responden bersikap negatif, 83.5% responden menilai peran petugas kesehatan masih kurang dan 67.1% responden yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan suami. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, peran petugas kesehatan, dan dukungan suami dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi implan, sedangkan sikap menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan dengan pemilihan konstrasepsi implan.Kesimpulan. Ada hubungan antara variabel pengetahuan, peran tenaga kesehatan, dan dukungan suami dengan pemilihan Implan pada responden. ABSTRACTBackground. Indonesia's population has increased from 265,015.3 million in 2018 to 268,074.6 million in 2019. The government has created a program to intervene in the problem of uncontrolled population growth, namely the family planning (KB) program which is promoted and effective is the Long-Term Contraception Method (MKJP) with implants is one of the superior contraceptives of the BKKBN. Objective. This study aimed to to see the selection of implants and their determinations. Method. This study used a quantitative study with cross sectional analytic survey method. Sample of 85 acceptors from 560 were selected using simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. Results. Study found 11.8% of respondents used the implant method. 71.8% respondents have less knowledge, 65.9% of respondents have a negative attitude, 83.5% of respondents think that the role of health workers is still lacking, and 67.1% of respondents did not get support from their husbands. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge, the role of health workers, and husband's support with the choice of implant contraception, while attitudes showed no relationship with the choice of implant contraception.Conclusion. Knowledge variables, the role of health workers, and husband's support was related with the choice of implants in respondents.

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CORRELATION BETWEEN MOTHER’S KNOWLEDGE AND HUSBAND’S SUPPORT WITH THE USE OF IUD IN BOAWAE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal ◽

10.20473/imhsj.v4i4.2020.344-353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 344

Author(s):

Irmina Tulle ◽

Atika Atika ◽

Baksono Winardi

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contraceptive Usage

AbstractBackground: The intrauterine device (IUD) is an effective and efficient long-term method of contraception which has effect of delaying and spacing more than three years of birth. NTT is one of the province with the most dominant short-acting contraception methods usage and IUD contraceptive usage is lowest in Boawae Community Health Center. The low use of IUD can be influenced by two factors such as mother’s knowledge and husband’s support. This study aims to analyse relationship between mother’s knowledge and husband’s support. with the use of IUD. Method: This study was observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. There were 104 mothers consisted of 52 IUDs and 52 non IUDs, were selected by simple random sampling technique and assessed with questionnaire. The independent variable are mother's knowledge and husband's support, while the dependent variable is the use of IUD. Data analysis was achieved by chi square and multiple regression logistic test. Results: The results showed that most of mothers with IUD had good knowledge as much as 67.3% and most of non-IUDs’s mothers had less knowledge of 40,4%. Husband’s support of mother’s with IUDs was 67,3% and in non-IUD’s mothers was only 15,4%. There were significant association between mother’s knowledge (p value =0,000) and husband’s support (p value = 0,000) with the use of IUD. Multiple logistic regression test showed that husband support was the most dominant factor with p value = 0,000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There were relationship between knowledge and husband’s support with the use of IUD. Husband's support is the most dominant factor in the use of IUD.

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Kemampuan Ibu Melakukan Stimulasi Untuk Perkembangan Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Puhjarak

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.32831/jik.v6i1.155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Riska Destiana ◽

Erna Rahma Yani ◽

Triatmi Andri Yanuarini

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Total Sample ◽

Analysis Data ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional

Stimulation is one of the factors that affect a child’s development. The age of 3-6 months is included in the first 1000 days of life which is a critical period in which the child's brain begins to develop. Mothers can stimulate children according to their developmental stages. During infancy, a close relationship exists between the mother and child, so the influence of mother in educating the childis very big. The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between the mothers ability to stimulate 3-6 months infant with their development in Puhjarak Community Health Center in Kediri Regency. The research desain used correlational study. The data collection was done by conducting cross sectional methods, with population of 38 mothers and their babies. The sampling used simple random sampling technique with total sample of 35 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The analysis data used spearman rank showed p value 0,001. The conclution of this research was there was a correlation between mothers ability to stimulate 3-6 months infant with their development in Puhjarak Community Health Center Kediri Regency. It is advisable for parents especially mothers to maintain or improve their ability to stimulate their children in all aspects of development in a balanced and appropriate waywith the infant’s age.

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