scholarly journals Philippine Poverty as Moving Fractals

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Roselle Jardin Ranario

A recent innovation in the field of statistics is using fractal analysis where data sets are analyzed for anomaly detection, pattern analysis, and root cause analysis. In application of the fractal statistics, this paper examines the incidence of Philippine poverty from 2003 to 2012 based on its fractal dimension in the hope of providing policy makers a different approach in addressing sustained growth among the poor. Poverty is like a moving fractal where patterns simply repeat in various scales and variations.  What are the key implications of fractal poverty for policy and research? How can the fractal poverty provide an analytical foundation to make a pathway out of poverty accessible to Filipinos presently suffering in extreme poverty? The fractal model shows that poverty incidence is dictated by provinces whose poverty incidence are high. This means that if the poverty incidence of the province will be primarily addressed, it will affect the poverty scenario of the Philippines. Policy makers if looking for key indicators why Filipinos have some difficulty escaping poverty may focus on the province with the highest incidence. 

Author(s):  
Alizaman D. Gamon ◽  
Mariam Saidona Tagoranao

This study discusses the penetration of Islam in the Philippines, particularly the third wave of its expansion, which was brought by Sufi missionaries. It reinstates the historical relevance of Sufi ideas and approaches due to its contemporary relevance to the concept of social co-existence. The rational, intellectual and philosophical dimension of Islam is manifested in the cultural and traditional life of Muslim communities. The study also analyzes the impact of Muslim struggle for the development of Islamic institutions in the context of the secular state. The ongoing, unsettled debate between Islamic and government approaches to peace and development in Mindanao and Sulu continues unabated. Over the years, reforms were introduced, but in their midst, evidence of government biases and prejudices with regards to Islamic institutions have surfaced. Muslim leaders and intellectuals responded in the context of historical rights and freedom, but those views were often questioned as they are presumed to be incompatible with the national agenda for national unity. It was very recently that this incompatibility was readdressed giving support to having lasting peace and justice in Mindanao. The study argues that there have been substantial state-sponsored reforms which may contribute to the gradual advancement of Muslim communities. Though the path for the passage of Muslim concerns within the given condition is fragile and open to challenges, the study recognizes the prominence of inter-civilizational dialogue, from which the universal values of humanity will be embraced by both Muslim and non-Muslim policy makers. In addition, Muslim and non-Muslim communities in the Philippines need to embrace the universal principle of humanity and coexistence due to its relevance to the political stability and economic growth in the country.  Keywords: Muslims in the Philippines, Islamic institutions, Islamization, Muslim intellectuals, Reform. Abstrak Kajian ini mengkaji tentang kemasukan Islam, terutamanya gelombang ketiga perkembangannya, yang dibawa oleh para pendakwah sufi. Kajian itu mengembalikan semula sejarah penting tentang idea-idea dan pendekatan Sufi yang boleh digunapakai pada masa kini untuk mewujudkan keharmonian sosial di kalangan rakyat pelbagai agama. Pemahaman tentang Islam mempunyai pengaruh yang jelas terhadap kebudayaan dan tradisi Islam. Kajian ini juga menganalisis kesan perjuangan Muslim untuk pembangunan institusi Islam dalam konteks sebuah negara sekular. Perbahasan yang berterusan yang tidak menemukan penyelesaian antara pendekatan Islam dan pendekatan kerajaan untuk perdamaian serta pembangunan di Mindanao dan Sulu terus berlanjutan. Walaupun  bertahun-tahun pembaharuan telah dilakukan, namun terdapat bukti penolakan dan prasangka buruk kerajaan terhadap institusi Islam. Para pemimpin dan intelektual Muslim bertindak berdasarkan pada fakta sejarah dan hak kebebasan bersuara, namun pandangan mereka sering dipertikaikan kerana mereka dianggap tidak seiring dengan agenda dan perpaduan nasional. Baru-baru ini ketidakserasian ini mulai disuarakan semula untuk mendapat sokongan terhadap keamanan dan keadilan yang berterusan di Mindanao. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh pihak kerajaan yang boleh menyumbang ke arah  kemajuan masyarakat Islam secara beransur-ansur. Walaupun pendekatan bagi memenuhi hasrat orang Islam masih dalam keadaan yang rapuh dan penuh cabaran, namun kajian ini mengusulkan peripentingnya dialog antara peradaban dimana nilai-nilai universal manusia akan diperoleh dan dipegang oleh kedua-kedua pihak pembuat dasar iaitu  Islam dan bukan Islam. Di samping itu, umat Islam dan bukan Islam di Filipina perlu mengkaji dan mencontohi model keharmonian sosial Malaysia dan Singapura kerana kaitannya dengan kestabilan politik dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kata Kunci: Muslim di Filipina, institusi Islam, Islamisasi, intelektual Islam, Pembaharuan.


Author(s):  
Fred L. Bookstein

AbstractA matrix manipulation new to the quantitative study of develomental stability reveals unexpected morphometric patterns in a classic data set of landmark-based calvarial growth. There are implications for evolutionary studies. Among organismal biology’s fundamental postulates is the assumption that most aspects of any higher animal’s growth trajectories are dynamically stable, resilient against the types of small but functionally pertinent transient perturbations that may have originated in genotype, morphogenesis, or ecophenotypy. We need an operationalization of this axiom for landmark data sets arising from longitudinal data designs. The present paper introduces a multivariate approach toward that goal: a method for identification and interpretation of patterns of dynamical stability in longitudinally collected landmark data. The new method is based in an application of eigenanalysis unfamiliar to most organismal biologists: analysis of a covariance matrix of Boas coordinates (Procrustes coordinates without the size standardization) against their changes over time. These eigenanalyses may yield complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors (terms involving $$i=\sqrt{-1}$$ i = - 1 ); the paper carefully explains how these are to be scattered, gridded, and interpreted by their real and imaginary canonical vectors. For the Vilmann neurocranial octagons, the classic morphometric data set used as the running example here, there result new empirical findings that offer a pattern analysis of the ways perturbations of growth are attenuated or otherwise modified over the course of developmental time. The main finding, dominance of a generalized version of dynamical stability (negative autoregressions, as announced by the negative real parts of their eigenvalues, often combined with shearing and rotation in a helpful canonical plane), is surprising in its strength and consistency. A closing discussion explores some implications of this novel pattern analysis of growth regulation. It differs in many respects from the usual way covariance matrices are wielded in geometric morphometrics, differences relevant to a variety of study designs for comparisons of development across species.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Serene Ong ◽  
Jeffrey Ling ◽  
Angela Ballantyne ◽  
Tamra Lysaght ◽  
Vicki Xafis

AbstractGovernments are investing in precision medicine (PM) with the aim of improving healthcare through the use of genomic analyses and data analytics to develop tailored treatment approaches for individual patients. The success of PM is contingent upon clear public communications that engender trust and secure the social licence to collect and share large population-wide data sets because specific consent for each data re-use is impractical. Variation in the terminology used by different programmes used to describe PM may hinder clear communication and threaten trust. Language is used to create common understanding and expectations regarding precision medicine between researchers, clinicians and the volunteers. There is a need to better understand public interpretations of PM-related terminology. This paper reports on a qualitative study involving 24 focus group participants in the multi-lingual context of Singapore. The study explored how Singaporeans interpret and understand the terms ‘precision medicine’ and ‘personalised medicine’, and which term they felt more aptly communicates the concept and goals of PM. Results suggest that participants were unable to readily link the terms with this area of medicine and initially displayed preferences for the more familiar term of ‘personalised’. The use of visual aids to convey key concepts resonated with participants, some of whom then indicated preferences for the term ‘precision’ as being a more accurate description of PM research. These aids helped to facilitate dialogue around the ethical and social value, as well as the risks, of PM. Implications for programme developers and policy makers are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 2850-2874
Author(s):  
Alok Raj ◽  
Rupika Khanna

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to benchmarking the governance performance of Indian states. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a framework to measure governance performance at the state level. Using the data on 28 key indicators, the authors evaluate Indian states on seven broad dimensions of governance quality covering several aspects of public service delivery, regulatory quality and law and order. The empirical methodology involves the application of multi-criteria decision making techniques in two steps. The authors, first develop suitable weights of the identified dimensions and criteria under each dimension by applying the inputs of an expert-based decision-panel in a best-worst framework. Next, using these weights, the authors evaluate ranking of each state using TOPSIS and PROMETHEE-II methods. Findings The results indicate wide disparities in the governance performance of Indian states. Based on different indicators, the paper evaluates the rank of all the major Indian states. Results reveal that “Social Service Delivery(S)” is the most influencing dimension for the development of a state. Overall, the authors find Andra Pradesh, NCT of Delhi and Goa to be the leading states in terms of governance quality. Research limitations/implications The paper provides policy makers with easy to use operational indicators to analyse the governance performance of Indian states. These would help in better monitoring of these states through competitive goal-setting for continuous improvement. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first formal assessment of governance quality in the Indian states in a multi-criteria framework. To this end, the paper addresses the issue of wide regional disparities in the country. The findings of the paper provide powerful insights to policy makers in setting up appropriate strategies to eliminate these disparities.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Francis Fullon Chan ◽  
Ma. Dominga B. Padilla

PURPOSE: There are currently no published studies on the outcomes of keratoplasty in the Philippines.  This study aimed to report graft survival rates at years 1, 3, and 5 after surgery, visual outcomes, and causes of graft failure among private patients of corneal surgeons in Metropolitan Manila receiving tissue from a single local eye bank in the period 2008-2012.  DESIGN: Retrospective cohort, multicenter study. METHODS: POPULATION: Private patients of Metro Manila corneal surgeons, receiving tissue from the Santa Lucia International Eye Bank of Manila in 2008-2012.  241 of 593 yielded sufficiently complete data sets. PROCEDURE: Donor and tissue characteristics, pre-op and latest follow-up characteristics/clinical findings were retrieved and processed. Data from the eye bank was merged with follow-up data from surgeons submitted March-October 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years; best-corrected visual acuity as of latest follow-up; causes of failure. RESULTS:  1-year survival: 90.4%, 3-year: 71.5%, 5-year: ~52.7%. Overall, 43.5% had VA of 20/50 or better, and 25% counting fingers or worse, with variations across diagnoses. CONCLUSION: Though small in sample size and response rate, survival trends parallel studies with larger populations elsewhere. Specific trends like favorable survival in keratoconus were consistent. Indications for surgery have changed little since 2005, but regraft has become the most common indication. Further data collection and completion are required for multivariate analysis on factors regarding survival.  Inflammation, infection, trauma, poor adherence are among the identified reasons for failure.  


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pilkington ◽  
P. Keating

Abstract. Most interpretive methods for potential field (magnetic and gravity) measurements require data in a gridded format. Many are also based on using fast Fourier transforms to improve their computational efficiency. As such, grids need to be full (no undefined values), rectangular and periodic. Since potential field surveys do not usually provide data sets in this form, grids must first be prepared to satisfy these three requirements before any interpretive method can be used. Here, we use a method for grid preparation based on a fractal model for predicting field values where necessary. Using fractal field values ensures that the statistical and spectral character of the measured data is preserved, and that unwanted discontinuities at survey boundaries are minimized. The fractal method compares well with standard extrapolation methods using gridding and maximum entropy filtering. The procedure is demonstrated on a portion of a recently flown aeromagnetic survey over a volcanic terrane in southern British Columbia, Canada.


Author(s):  
Timo Wandhöfer ◽  
Steve Taylor ◽  
Miriam Fernandez ◽  
Beccy Allen ◽  
Harith Alani ◽  
...  

The role of social media in politics has increased considerably. A particular challenge is how to deal with the deluge of information generated on social media: it is impractical to read lots of messages with the hope of finding useful information. In this chapter, the authors suggest an alternative approach: utilizing analysis software to extract the most relevant information of the discussions taking place. This chapter discusses the WeGov Toolbox as one concept for policy-makers to deal with the information overload on Social Media, and how it may be applied. Two complementary, in depth case studies were carried out to validate the usefulness of the analysis results of the WeGov Toolbox components' within its target audience's everyday life. Firstly, the authors used the “HeadsUp” forum, operated by the Hansard Society. Here, they were able to compare the key themes and opinions extracted automatically by the Toolbox to a control group of manually pre-analyzed data sets. In parallel, results of analyses based on four weeks' intensive monitoring on policy area-specific Facebook pages selected by German policy makers, as well as topics on Twitter globally and local, were assessed by taking into account their existing experience with content discussed and user behavior in their respective public spheres. The cases show that there are interesting applications for policy-makers to use the Toolbox in combination with online forums (blogs) and social networks, if behavioral user patterns will be considered and the framework will be refined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Ahsan Ullah ◽  
Noor Hasharina Hasan ◽  
Siti Mazidah Mohamad ◽  
Diotima Chattoraj

International migration is a highly contested topic and has become a critical part of the global security agenda due to the growing fear of terrorism notably after 9/11. There is a lack of relevant baselines and a gap in scholarly work that shows the direct connection between migration and security. This paper aims to identify the circumstances under which migration can be considered as a security issue. For this, we conducted an extensive literature review and interviews with policy-makers and staffs from migration regime as well as migrant professionals in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines between May 2018 and March 2019. The concepts of migration and security act as the theoretical standpoint of this paper. The findings show that the formation of an illusory correlation between migration and security has resulted in an extreme act of biasness towards migrant minority groups.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263-1290
Author(s):  
Gerald Blasch ◽  
Zhenhai Li ◽  
James A. Taylor

Abstract Easy-to-use tools using modern data analysis techniques are needed to handle spatio-temporal agri-data. This research proposes a novel pattern recognition-based method, Multi-temporal Yield Pattern Analysis (MYPA), to reveal long-term (> 10 years) spatio-temporal variations in multi-temporal yield data. The specific objectives are: i) synthesis of information within multiple yield maps into a single understandable and interpretable layer that is indicative of the variability and stability in yield over a 10 + years period, and ii) evaluation of the hypothesis that the MYPA enhances multi-temporal yield interpretation compared to commonly-used statistical approaches. The MYPA method automatically identifies potential erroneous yield maps; detects yield patterns using principal component analysis; evaluates temporal yield pattern stability using a per-pixel analysis; and generates productivity-stability units based on k-means clustering and zonal statistics. The MYPA method was applied to two commercial cereal fields in Australian dryland systems and two commercial fields in a UK cool-climate system. To evaluate the MYPA, its output was compared to results from a classic, statistical yield analysis on the same data sets. The MYPA explained more of the variance in the yield data and generated larger and more coherent yield zones that are more amenable to site-specific management. Detected yield patterns were associated with varying production conditions, such as soil properties, precipitation patterns and management decisions. The MYPA was demonstrated as a robust approach that can be encoded into an easy-to-use tool to produce information layers from a time-series of yield data to support management.


2018 ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Stephen Gorard

This chapter considers solutions for a more effective education policy. Education mostly appears to reflect society, which suggests that the root cause of inequality is at least partly not educational. Education policy cannot be expected to solve issues such as child poverty alone, in the short term, or even at all. This means that education policy has to be humbler, but it still has important roles to play — in ensuring that inequalities are not worsened by the education system, and by promoting structures and interventions that can ‘compensate for society’, to some extent. In this light, this chapter provides examples of specific policy proposals, considers where policy-makers have erred, and shows how policy can work with research.


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