scholarly journals Physiological response to thermal stress in hair-sheep ewes during subtropical summer

2021 ◽  
Vol XXXI (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Javier Alejandro Gómez-Guzmán ◽  
José Fernando Vázquez-Armijo ◽  
Javier Hernández-Meléndez ◽  
Ana Laura Lara-Rivera ◽  
Gaspar Manuel Parra-Bracamonte
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Respiratory Mechanism ◽  
Indoor Conditions

With the aim to assess the effect of short-term thermal stress on physiological traits of ewes an experiment was designed. Fourteen hair sheep ewes were selected during early reproductive management and randomly segregated in two groups. Control group (CG) with indoor conditions, and an experimental group (EG) under continuous outdoor conditions without shadow accessing during 14 days (d). Respiratory frequency (RF), rectal temperature (RT) and infrared image temperatures were estimated. Traits were measured for 8 d twice a d (9:00 am and 15:00 pm). Environmental temperature and humidity were monitored, and temperature and humidity index was estimated. All physiological and environmental traits showed significantly variation by group and time of measurement (P < 0.001). RT and RF were significantly higher for EG and during pm measurements. Environmental conditions indicated thermal stress conditions for outdoor EG during the afternoon was related ultimately with respiratory mechanism as the main indicator of continuous thermal stress. Head infrared image temperature was a good predictor of body temperature.

scholarly journals The Influence of Thermal Stress on Serum Biochemical Profile in Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Autukait ◽  
I. Poškienė ◽  
V. Juozaitienė ◽  
R. Antanaitis ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Suffolk Sheep

Background: Climatic factors, such as high temperature, high relative humidity, can induce a thermal stress in animals. The phenomenon of mammalian sensitivity to thermal stress, especially in small ruminants, is widely reported in the literature. The present study aimed to analyze temperature and humidity effects on serum metabolic profile and cortisol concentration in sheep. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 40 adult, non-lactating and non-pregnant Suffolk sheep from December 2018 to December 2019. The subgroups were formed by age (two groups): twenty sheep were about 1.5 years old (Group 1) and other twenty - about 3 years old (Group 2). Based on the value of the temperature-humidity index, the following three subgroups were formed: 1) temperature humidity index ≥20; 2) 20 greater than temperature-humidity index greater than 10 and 3) temperature-humidity index less than 10. Blood cortisol concentration and biochemical parameters were measured once per month on the same day, in identical animals. Result: The analysis of biochemical parameters revealed that Group 2 showed significantly higher values for creatinine, phosphorus, zinc and cortisol. All blood indicators, except iron, phosphorus and total bilirubin, were dependent on THI concentration. The highest positive correlation coefficient of cortisol was calculated with urea and total protein. It is concluded that both cortisol and biochemical parameters play a significant role in thermal stress reactions in the Suffolk sheep.

360 Body Temperature of Hair Sheep Ewes During the Postpartum Period and Around the Time of Mating in an Accelerated Lambing System in the Tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Robert Godfrey ◽  
Sue A Lakos
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate body temperature of hair sheep ewes at various stages of the production cycle in an accelerated lambing system in the tropics. Multiparous St. Croix White (STX: n = 7) and Dorper x STX (DRPX; n = 7) ewes lambing in October and raising single lambs weaned at 120 d were used. Synchronized breeding began at 96 d postpartum. Vaginal temperature (VT) was measured at 10-min intervals for 96 h at 38 and 66 d post-partum (PP1, PP2) and at 2 days after mating (PM) using data loggers. Daily minimum, maximum and range of VT were determined for ewes within PP1, PP2 and PB. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS with breed, day and time (PP1, PP2, PM) in the model. Mean ambient temperature, temperature-humidity index and solar radiation at PP1, PP2 and PM were 24.8 °C, 25.2 °C, 23.8 °C, and 74.7, 74.9, 73.3, and 180 W/m2, 160 W/m2 and 155 W/m2, respectively. Minimum VT was lower (P &lt; 0.002) in STX than DRPX ewes at PP1, PP2 but not PM (38.27 ± 0.04 vs 38.44 ± 0.04 °C, 38.16 ± 0.04 vs 38.33 ± 0.04 °C, 38.47 ± 0.04 vs 38.58 ± 0.04 °C, respectively). There was no difference in maximum VT between breed or time (P &gt; 01.0). There was no breed difference (P &gt; 0.10) in range of VT, but the range of VT was lower (P &lt; 0.0001) at PM compared to PP1 and PP2 (1.22 ± 0.04 vs 1.77 ± 0.04 vs 1.63 ± 0.04 °C, respectively). These results show that tropically adapted STX ewes have lower body temperatures, as shown by the lower minimal VT which indicates a degree of nighttime cooling, during the postpartum period compared to DRPX ewes in a tropical environment.

scholarly journals Impact of Vitamins C and E Dietary Supplementation on Leukocyte Profile of Layer Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature and Humidity

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Joseph Ajakaiye ◽  
Alcides Perez-Bello ◽  
Angel Mollineda-Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Layer Hens

A 30-day experiment involving 720 White Leghorn layer hens was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E on leukocyte and heterophil/lymphocytes ratios of the layer hens during the natural summer conditions. The birds were divided into 4 groups, one control with basal diet and three experimental with diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E, or combination of both vitamins. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups. Exposure of layer hens to 31 ± 3 °C and 33 ± 0 °C ambient temperature and 84.6% and 81.5% relative humidity during the experiment caused an increase in the value of temperature humidity index of 15.5 above the threshold value of 70 established for this species. Total white blood cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophil levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in all treated groups compared to control. Similarly, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios of 0.51, 0.52, and 0.50 for groups with diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamins C + E, respectively, were significantly (p < 0.001) lower compared to 0.59 recorded in the control group. However, heterophil, basophil and monocyte values were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the control group compared to all treated groups. The results of the present study showed that dietary supplementation of vitamins C and E, or their combination, reduces the harmful effect of high ambient temperature and humidity on the leukocyte indicators of exposed layer hens, thereby alleviating the stress imposed on their thermoregulatory mechanism and physiological status.

Performance and behaviour of Nellore steers on integrated systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Domiciano ◽  
M. A. Mombach ◽  
P. Carvalho ◽  
N. M. F. da Silva ◽  
D. H. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index

This study aimed to evaluate performance and behaviour of Nellore steers (Bos taurus indicus) in integrated systems. Treatments consisted of three different systems: livestock; crop-livestock; and livestock-forestry, with triple rows of eucalyptus trees. The experiment was carried out in Sinop, MT, Brazil, in a randomised complete block design with four replicates, during two seasons (dry-rainy transition and rainy). The experimental period was from 19 September 2015 to 10 January 2016. Nellore steers used in the experiment had an average initial weight of 344 kg ± 11 kg, in continuous stocking and variable stocking rate. Forage mass accumulation rate was evaluated and, independently of the system, had the highest values recorded during the rainy season. Microclimate was evaluated through temperature and humidity index, black globe temperature and humidity index and radiant heat load. Highest values were obtained from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the dry-rainy transition period for all systems. Animal behaviour was assessed every 10 min from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and averages were calculated for every 2 h. The longest grazing period was recorded from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m., and then after 3:00 p.m., regardless of the system. Rumination occurred more frequently from 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. during the rainy season, and also in the shade for the livestock-forestry system. Highest weight gains per area were recorded during the rainy season and for the crop-livestock system. It is concluded that the highest yields can be achieved with the inclusion of the crop component in livestock production systems, and that Nellore steers in silvopastoral systems prefer to ruminate and stay idle in the shade.

scholarly journals Effects of chronic thermal stress on the reproductive performance of male Octopus maya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura López-Galindo ◽  
Clara Galindo-Sánchez ◽  
Alberto Olivares ◽  
Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda ◽  
Fernando Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Paternal Contribution ◽  
Octopus Maya

AbstractIn female Octopus maya the reproductive success has well-defined thermal limits; beyond which, spawning, number of eggs, fecundity, and the viability of the embryos are reduced. Observations of wild male O. maya suggest that temperatures below 27°C favour their reproductive performance. From these observations we hypothesize that, as in females, the temperature modulates the reproductive performance of adult O. maya males. The study was directed to evaluate the physiological condition, reproductive success, and histological damage in testis of male O. maya exposed to thermal stress, to determine the implications of ocean warming over their reproductive performance. High temperatures (28-30°C) negatively affect the growth and health of male O. maya. In octopuses maintained at 30°C, as a consequence of the thermal stress we observed an increment in the haemocytes number, a reduction in the oxygen consumption rate, and an inflammatory process in the testis. The number of spermatozoa per spermatophore was not affected by temperature, but higher spermatophores production was observed at 30°C. The paternity analysis showed that the offspring had multiple paternity with an average of 10 males contributing in a single spawn. The paternal contribution was affected by temperature with high, medium, or no paternal contribution in animals maintained at 24°C (control group), 28°C, and 30°C, respectively. The temperatures from 28°C to 30°C deeply affected the reproductive performance of Octopus maya males.

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DO ITU – ÍNDICE DE TEMPERATURA E UMIDADE DA REGIÃO DE ARAGUAÍNA-TO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO DE BOVINOS LEITEIROS / DETERMINATION OF ITU - TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY INDEX OF THE REGION OF ARAGUAÍNA-TO FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE THERMAL COMFORT OF MILK CATTLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 69254-69258
Author(s):  
Clauber Rosanova ◽  
Geovanne Ferreira Rebouças ◽  
Mírian das Mercês Pereira da Silva ◽  
Douglas Messias Lamounier Camargos Rezende ◽  
Alysson Soares da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index

scholarly journals Supervisory System For Monitoring, Control And Estimating Thermal Comfort For Broiler and Laying Hens Production Sheds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-331
Author(s):  
Mario Mollo Neto ◽  
Mariana Matulovic ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Barbosa dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Supervisory System ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

This research aims to promote the project for the construction of software, firmware, and micro-controlled hardware, which together allow the automatic control of the temperature and humidity index (THI) in real-time the intensive production environment in poultry and laying hens production houses, thus avoiding productive losses due to the stress to which the birds are subjected. This system aims, from the information from a set of sensors, connected to a microcontroller acquisition and control board, to infer the temperature and humidity index from the measured climatic variables, to enable the corresponding activation of electronic interfaces with electric actuators, for the automatic activation of ventilation devices, humidification and curtain actuation and the lighting of production houses, keeping the environmental conditions of the house within a convenient range of temperature and relative humidity to ensure thermal comfort and thus avoiding bird stress. Thus, helping to mitigate production losses and facilitating managers real-time monitoring of the shed to achieve greater productivity and competitiveness.

Temperature and humidity index (THI)-induced rumen bacterial community changes in goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 3193-3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhong ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Yaoyue Wang ◽  
Guangchen Zhou ◽  
Hongran Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Community Changes

scholarly journals Independent Control of Temperature and Humidity in Air Conditioners by Using Fuzzy Sliding Mode Approach

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lijian Yang ◽  
Ziyang Li ◽  
Zhengtian Wu ◽  
Mingyang Xie ◽  
Baoping Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Independent Control ◽  
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Mode Control ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Fuzzy Sliding Mode ◽  
Chattering Effect ◽  
Indoor Conditions

This paper proposes a sliding mode control (SMC) strategy to solve the problem of independent control of temperature and humidity in air conditioners; the complexity increases due to the need to make full use of the wind side for cooling. First, dynamics of indoor temperature and humidity are determined based on mathematical models. Second, in order to reduce the chattering effect of SMC and coordinate indoor conditions to satisfy people’s needs, the independent control of temperature and humidity is realized via a novel fuzzy sliding mode control strategy based on reaching laws. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Effect of Thermal Stress on Serum Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Broiler Chicken

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chaturvedani ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Meesam Raza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of thermal stress on the serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicken. Forty CARIBRO- Vishal broiler chicken were divided into two groups with twenty birds each. The control group was kept at room temperature and treatment group was exposed to thermal stress under 40±1 °C for 4 hours at 35 day of age. The exposure of thermal stress significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the value of serum biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride), heterophills, H/L ratios and basophills, however the value of total leukocyte, haemoglobin, haematocrit value, and monocytes decreased significantly (P less than 0.05).

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