The wave front spread rate of Chinese ferret-badger rabies in eastern Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 057-062
Author(s):  
Wen-Jane Tu ◽  
Satoshi Inoue ◽  
Kwong-Chung Tung ◽  
Tien-Huan Hsu ◽  
Cheng-Yao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Wave Front ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

This study used epidemiological data of Chinese ferret-badger (CFB) rabies in eastern Taiwan, the Hualien County, from July 2013 to December 2020 to estimate its wave front spread rate. The first case of the CFB rabies virus in eastern Taiwan was detected in Zhuoxi Township in Hualien County on July 31, 2013. Our technique regressed TIME (months elapsed from the first case in Zhuoxi and the first case in each infected township invaded by the first case of CFB rabies) on DISTANCE (kilometers between locations of the first case in Zhuoxi and centroids of each infected township invaded by the first case of CFB rabies), using simple linear regression. The mean rate of wave front spread was 10.698 kilometers/year. The correlation between TIME and DISTANCE was R = 0.9273 at p = 0.0001. As CFB rabies has only occurred in China and Taiwan, studies on its epidemiology are extremely rare. This paper is the first study to estimate the wave front spread rate of CFB rabies in the world.

Estimation of plant biomass based on the allometric equation

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Yandle ◽  
Harry V. Wiant Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Biased Estimates

Estimation of the parameters in the allometric equation by fitting a simple linear regression to the logarithmically transformed variables results in biased estimates of the arithmetic mean. This bias expressed as a percent of the mean approaches the limit −(1 − e−σ2/2) (100) as n increases. An adjusted estimator developed by Finney rather than the one given by Baskerville should be used when s2 is large and n is small. A change of measurement scale of the x or y variables presents no difficulty, but problems arise if variables are transformed to logarithms other than base e.

scholarly journals Analytical Review of COVID-19 Outbreak in India During the Global Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 903-910
Author(s):  
Parth Goel ◽  
Dweepna Garg ◽  
Amit Ganatra
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
And Gender

COVID-19 is one of the very contagious diseases from the family Coronaviridae and spreading at a faster rate in the community. In December 2019, the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China. An epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 was seen in India from March 2020. Epidemiological data of COVID-19 cases of the world and India have been analyzed in our study. We have utilized publicly available two databases from data repository by Johns Hopkins CSSE and covid19india.org. COVID-19 cases and case fatality rate (CFR) of the world have been summarized and compared with India from January 22, 2020 to April 15, 2020. Indian cases were analyzed among states of India and also compared with age and gender by performing statistical approaches such as central tendency, standard deviation and interquartile range. By April 15, 2020, Indian has reported 12,322 confirmed cases, 1,498 recovered cases and 405 death cases of COVID-19. In spite of India being a diverse country with the second-highest population, the deadly side of COVID-19 was comparatively far less as compared to the other countries. India has taken preemptive measures at an early stage to prevent transmission of COVID-19 outbreak and it is reviewed from our study by comparing India with other countries. Our study also summarizes that age also plays a vital role in the intervention of COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS 'LEARNING MOTIVATION DURING THE PANDEMIC TIME OF COVID-19 AT MI AL FAJAR PRINGSEWU

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Muhtarom ◽  
Evi Gusliana ◽  
Syeh Al Ngarifin ◽  
Moh. Masrur
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
The World

Abstract The Covid 19 outbreak has an impact on various areas of life, especially the world of education. Student learning is required to transform and adapt to the conditions of the 4.0 century. This is what motivates researchers to conduct research on children's learning motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using audio-visual media on student motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic in grade IV MI Al Fajar Pringsewu. This research is a quantitative study with data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression test. The results of this study indicate there is an effect of audio visual media on student learning motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic with a known value tcount > ttable (4.118 > 2.056) then Ho was rejected and Ha accepted. The big influence of audio-visual media on student learning motivation namely 57,3 % Keywords : Covid-19, audio-visual media, motivation to learn

STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR K INDEPENDENT, HOMOGENEOUS ARITHMETIC PROCESSES

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS KIT-NAM LEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Variable Formula ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
Area Of Application

For k=1,…, K, a stochastic process {An,k, n =1, 2,…} is an arithmetic process (AP) if there exists some real number, d, so that {An,k +(n-1)d, n =1, 2,…} is a renewal process (RP). AP is a stochastically monotonic process and can be used to model a point process, i.e., point events occurring in a haphazard way in time (or space), especially with a trend. For example, the events may be failures arising from a deteriorating machine; and such a series of failures is distributed haphazardly along a time continuum. In this paper, we discuss estimation procedures for K independent, homogeneous APs. Two statistics are suggested for testing whether K given processes come from a common AP. If this is so, we can estimate the parameters d, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the AP based on the techniques of simple linear regression, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the mean and variance of the first average random variable [Formula: see text], respectively. In this paper, the procedures are, for the most part, discussed in reliability terminology. Of course, the methods are valid in any area of application, in which case they should be interpreted accordingly.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE DISTANCES OF PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES FROM THE NEAREST MAJOR ROADS ON SKILLED DELIVERIES CONDUCTED IN KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W14 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
K. Rombosia ◽  
E. Oele ◽  
N. Rangara ◽  
J. Mwaura ◽  
B. Mitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Skilled Delivery ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The project sought to describe health facility accessibility and its effect on skilled delivery in Kisumu in line with the pillars of UHC. Proportion of skilled deliveries for 156 public health facilities conducted in 2016 was mined from DHIS2. Healthcare physical services accessibility was represented using a 5km radius fixed distance buffering around health facilities and the health facilities’ distances to the nearest major roads. Simple linear regression was then done between distances of the health facilities to their nearest major roads and skilled deliveries conducted in the health facilities. The mean skilled delivery was 42.5% (Median&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;45.8%, Range 0 to 358% and IQR&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;48.6%). There exist 4 pockets of underserved areas in Nyando, Nyakach and Muhoroni sub counties measuring 21&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup>, 52&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup>, 60&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup>, 65&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup> and 94&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup> respectively. Distance from the nearest road to skilled deliveries conducted, showed the R<sup>2</sup> value was 0.02. The study found out that underserved areas are located away from major roads. The mean skilled delivery was lower than the national of 65%. However some facilities exceeded 100%. This can be explained by in referrals that cause such facilities to exceed their projected workloads. The distance of a health facility to the nearest major road is inversely proportional to the skilled deliveries conducted meaning that the further a heath facility is from a major road, lesser the skilled deliveries conducted in that facility and vice versa. However, this model is weak in establishing such an effect because of the low R<sup>2</sup> value. In conclusion, there are pockets of underserved areas in Kisumu and distance of health facilities from the nearest major road does not significantly affect the conduct of skilled deliveries in Kisumu County.</p>

scholarly journals Estimating the Willingness to Pay for Eco-Labeled Products of Formosan Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9779
Author(s):  
Wei-Chun Tseng ◽  
Ya-Chu Yang ◽  
Yun-Ju Chen ◽  
Yung-Chih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Green Label

Pangolins are currently the most smuggled mammals in the world. Meanwhile, Taiwan has demonstrated the world’s first case of the use of artificial feeding to raise pangolins to adulthood. The government has also begun to cooperate with farmers in pangolin-spotted areas. Agricultural products can earn the green label once they have passed the evaluation. The challenge is that very few farms have obtained the pangolin-friendly label so far. Our hypothesis is that farmers lack the knowledge that consumers would pay additional money for products that are labeled pangolin-friendly compared to regular ones. Thus, farmers have an insufficient incentive to apply for this label. This research aims to fill this gap by providing people with the necessary knowledge. Contingent valuation with the single-bounded dichotomous choice format was used, which involved investigating 417 valid observations. We found the following: (1) customers are willing to pay about 8.06 USD for pangolin-friendly rice (an increase of 397% in relation to the mean price of rice); (2) customers are willing to pay for about 11.46 USD for pangolin-friendly tea (an increase of 179% in relation to the mean price of tea); and (3) customers are willing to pay about 25.81 USD for pangolin-friendly coffee (an increase of 509% in relation to the mean price of coffee). Our findings give farmers more incentive to conduct eco-friendly production. Consequently, the quality of agricultural products as well as the habitats of endangered pangolins improve. Thus, consumers’ health, the environment, and the future of pangolin conservation can benefit in this attempt to achieve sustainability.

scholarly journals Evolution of slaughter precocity in male beef cattle in the Carne Pampa programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline de Avila Fernandes ◽  
Fabiano Nunes Vaz ◽  
Leonir Luiz Pascoal ◽  
Paulo Santana Pacheco ◽  
Matheus Lehnhart de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse precocity behaviour over nine years in Hereford steers and their crosses, slaughtered with from zero to six teeth. Approximately 144,000 certified carcases in the Carne Pampa programme were analysed between 2010 and 2018. The increase in cold carcase weight per year was evaluated for three periods of the year: the hot season was defined as 26 December to 25 May, the autumn void was defined as 26 May to 25 July, and the cold season from 26 July to 25 December. To assess the behaviour of cold carcase weight over the years per season, the data were submitted to simple linear regression analysis. The average weights per season were compared by the mean value comparison test. The cold season had the highest mean carcase weight, with 239.1 kg, showing an annual increase of 6.45 kg. Analysing the behaviour of mean carcase weight by dentition, animals with zero teeth showed a greater weight increase over the years during the cold season as well as during the autumn void; during the hot season, animals slaughtered with two teeth showed the greater increase in weight. The category that showed the least increase in weight for all three seasons were animals slaughtered with six teeth. It was concluded that over the nine years, there was an increase in slaughter precocity in male cattle certified in the Carne Pampa programme.

scholarly journals Why did the COVID-19 Epidemic Stop in China and does not Stop in the Rest of the World? (Application of the Two-Component Model)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Juri Dimaschko ◽  
Vladimir Shlyakhover ◽  
Mykola Iabluchanskyi
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Pathogenic Strain ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Single Wave ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The World

The vastly different courses of the COVID-19 epidemic in China and the rest of the world are investigated and explained within two-component epidemic model. The model is based on separate accounting for the contribution to the epidemic from two types of immune response to a viral infection - innate and adaptive immunity. Any infected person becomes asymptomatic with probability (1−𝑝) or symptomatic with probability 𝑝. In the first case, innate immunity is sufficient to protect a person. In the second case, innate immunity is insufficient, and adaptive immunity comes into play. In the asymptomatic state, the person remains outwardly healthy, mobile and can spread the infection. In the symptomatic state, the person becomes ill, isolated and cannot spread the infection. We assume that the contribution to the epidemic process from asymptomatic carriers is dominant in comparison with the contribution from the usual incubation period in the symptomatic state. The key parameters of the model are the virus lifetime 𝑇 in the asymptomatic state and the spread rate 𝛽. At moderate 𝛽𝑇 values, the model describes a long, slowly decreasing morbidity plateau, which transforms into wave-like solution at 𝛽𝑇. In the case of 𝛽𝑇→∞, which corresponds to a stable non-pathogenic strain, the model solution is limited to single wave only. We believe that the spread of such a non-pathogenic strain and its subsequent dominance is responsible for ending the epidemic after the single wave of incidence in China. A way to stop the epidemic in the rest of the world may consist in displacing the circulating pathogenic virus with its stable non-pathogenic strain. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0302-2 Full Text: PDF

The Contribution of Sexual Identity Towards the Students’ Perception of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender

10.32698/0642 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Wiwi Delfita ◽  
Neviyarni S. ◽  
Riska Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Simple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender

Some students perceive lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) positively, even though LGBT is a sexual deviation that is not appropriate with values and norms. There are several factors that influence an individual's perception of LGBT, including sexual identity. This study aims at looking at the contribution of sexual identity to student perceptions about LGBT. This research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive method and a simple linear regression analysis. The sample of this research was 385 taken from 15.752 undergraduate students of Universitas Negeri Padang which the sample was drawn by using the Slovin formula and continued with a Proportional Random Sampling technique. The instrument used was the Guttman model's sexual identity scale and the scale of students' perceptions of the LGBT Likert model. After analyzing the data with the descriptive technique and the simple linear regression analysis, the results showed that sexual identity significantly contributed to the students' perceptions of LGBT. This research has implications as a basis for counselors to help students avoid sexual identity mismatches and prevent the emergence of positive perceptions of LGBT.

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