scholarly journals Conjact Glucomannan Flour Extraction From Porang Tube (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) with Differents Simplicia- Solvent Ratio (Subject were obtained from the Klagon Village of Saradan District)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Galuh Gondo Kusumo
Keyword(s):  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Water Solvent

This study aimed to determine the best simplicia-solvent comparison to extract Konyak Glucomannan (KGM) flour from porang tubers (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) that obtained from Klangon Village, Saradan District. Extraction was carried out by water solvent with solvent-simplicia comparison of 1: 100; 1: 200; 1: 300; 1,5: 100; 1,5: 200; and 1,5: 300. The extraction was carried out at a temperature of 45oC and 55oC for 60 minutes. The results showed that the extraction of Konjac Glucomannan (CGM) flour, was optimally extracted with a 1: 300 simplicia-solvent ratio at 55oC for 60 minutes.  

scholarly journals Effect of various factors on anthocyanins extraction from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. e817
Author(s):  
Dwi Aditiyarini ◽  
Ester Oktaviana Iswuryani
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Unstable Molecules ◽  
Butterfly Pea

An antioxidant compound is the main compound that is used to prevent cell damage from free radicals. These unstable molecules can be produced in the environmental condition such as pollution or lifestyle. One of the antioxidant molecules are anthocyanins, which can be found in the butterfly pea flower. This compound could be obtained from the extraction process. However, extraction conditions such as sample/solvent ratio, extraction time, and pH are the main factors in maximizing the yield. In this research, various factors on anthocyanins and phenolic content in butterfly pea extract were studied to get the optimum extraction condition. Extraction of the butterfly pea flower was done using the agitation method with heating and water solvent at 60 °C and various parameters. The sample was a dried butterfly pea flower. Various factors in extraction were: sample/solvent ratio, 1 : 20 and 1 : 50 (g.mL-1), extraction time of 90 and 150 min, and pH 1.0 and 7.0. Yield is calculated by comparing the extract weight before and after drying. Total anthocyanins content and total phenolic content are determined spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, the extraction of anthocyanins was affected by the stability of structures at different pH values. The highest total anthocyanins content was 1,206.77 mg.L-1 at sample/solvent ratio 1 : 20, 90 min and pH 1.0 conditions. Then, the maximum total phenolic content was 94.04 GAE mg.mg-1 sample at the sample/solvent ratio 1 : 50, 90 min and pH 7.0.

scholarly journals Characterization of Cylindra Beetroot Wastes Volarized With Green Solvent by Thermal Emerging Technology (Microwave Irradiation)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh Moh Zin ◽  
Szilvia Bánvölgyi
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Water Solvent

Abstract Accordingly, with the benefits of high temperature with short time treatment, microwave irradiation has conquered novel extraction technology to volarize food wastes. Compared to other unconventional ways, microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) is superior for its accordance with green solvents due to the mode of heating which based on the dielectric constant level of solvents. In this study, the extraction processes of bioactive compounds from waste parts of beetroot were accomplished using a home-use microwave oven. Aside from peel; stalk and flesh were utilized for extraction at three coded levels of process conditions (low, medium, and high) for comparison. Control samples were prepared at 70ºC for 1 h extraction time with 1:10 w/v solvent ratio. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed for approaching bioactive compounds existing in specific parts of the beetroot. Compared to the control, approximately 2.2 times of total betalains, phenolics, flavonoids, and the relevant antioxidants were scavenged at 800 W of microwave power together with 150 s of extraction period following the descending order: peel, flesh, and stalk. Our observation is a prove of the high extraction efficiency of green solvent since pure water solvent brought more amount of specific bioactive compounds than aqueous ethanol under the same studied process conditions.

Role of the Hydrothermal Synthesis Conditions on the Structure and Morphology of Co-Doped Y2O3:Er3+-Yb3+ Nanostructured Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinez ◽  
J. Morales ◽  
P. Salas ◽  
C. Ángeles-Chávez ◽  
L.A. Diaz-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Hydrothermal Precipitation ◽  
Co Doped

This work is devoted to the structural and morphological study of co-doped Y2O3:Yb3+-Er3+ nanophosphors, with 1 mol% of Er2O3 and 2 mol% of Yb2O3, synthesized by hydrothermal precipitation method via cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant complex for different ethanol/water solvent ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:10. Structural characterization results showed the prevalence of cubic phase independent of the solvent ratio although particle size does depend on the solvent ratio. Concerning to morphology, microscopic characterization indicates that the content of water used in synthesis is determinant in the morphology of resulting samples: a high content of water favored the formation of nanorods/nanofibers while a low water content give rise to heterogeneous morphology with irregular particles. Also, solvent ratio determines the consistency of nanostructured materials; an intermediate solvent ratio leads to nanofibers while a high solvent ratio let to obtain nanorods with length/diameter ratio ~3-5. These results show that solvent concentration plays an important role in particle size and morphology of nanostructured materials while the annealing temperature determines the phase composition and crystallite size.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted Extraction of Natural Dyes from Coleus atropurpureus Leaves: The Effect of Solvent

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 06011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selfina Gala ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Irradiation Power ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Chemical Groups

A microwave-assisted extraction system was used to extract natural dyes from Coleus atropurpureus leaves. The effects of water solvent of the temperature at 100°C and 80°C as well as ethanol solvent 96% were investigated. This is done at the various material to solvent ratio (0.001, 0.0025, 0.005 g/mL) and microwave power (264, 400, 600 watt). The optimal conditions of the extraction were obtained on a water solvent of the temperature at 100°C with material to solvent ratio 0.001 g/mL, irradiation power 400 watt, extraction time 10 min, material size 35-60 mesh, the optimum yield of 44.48%. Identification of groups of pigments contained in the Coleus atropurpureus leaves is known categories tannins and flavonoids. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to identify the major chemical groups in the extracted dyes.

scholarly journals Optimization by Means of Chemometric Tools of an Ultrasound-Assisted Method for the Extraction of Betacyanins from Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
Jean Pastol ◽  
Widiastuti Setyaningsih ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Chemometric Tools

Betacyanins have been reported to provide prominent health-promoting effects, in addition to contributing to the exotic color and pleasant palate of red dragon fruit that has been attracting universal interest for over a decade. An accurate determination of betacyanins in dragon fruit is important if we are to benefit from the nutraceutical features of these compounds. Seven betacyanin pigments have been identified and extracted by means of ultrasound-assisted techniques from red dragon fruit. Chemometric tools such as Box­–Behnken Design (BBD) in conjunction with response surface methodology (RSM) have been successfully used to evaluate and optimize the relevant extraction variables i.e., temperature (A: 10, 35, 60 °C), solvent composition (B: 20, 50, 80% methanol in water), sample to solvent ratio (C: 0.1:10, 0.2:10, 0.3:10 g/mL), power (D: 20, 45, 70%), and cycle (E: 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 s−1). The results obtained from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggest that the solvent composition (p 0.0063), sample to solvent ratio (p 0.0126), and cycle (p 0.0302) are the most influential variables in betacyanin extraction. The optimal variable settings for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were a 54.6 °C extraction temperature, 0.3 s−1 cycle, 20% ultrasound power, 21.4% methanol in water solvent composition, 0.2:10 sample to solvent ratio, and a 5 min extraction time. The validation of the method for repeatability and intermediate precision provided excellent results at 1.56% and 2.94% respectively. Furthermore, the novel UAE method was successfully used for the determination of betacyanins content in red dragon fruit from different geographic origins.

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive Activity of Size-Controlled PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Encapsulated Cyclosporine A

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tang ◽  
Jamil Azzi ◽  
Mincheol Kwon ◽  
Marwan Mounayar ◽  
Rong Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Water Solvent

We encapsulated cyclosporine A (CsA) in poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) by nanoprecipitation of CsA and PEG-PLGA. The resulting CsA/PEG-PLGA-NPs were <100 nm in diameter with a narrow particle size distribution. The NP size could be controlled by tuning the polymer concentration, solvent, or water/solvent ratio during formulation. The PEGylated NPs maintained non-aggregated in salt solution. Solid NPs lyoprotected with bovine serum albumin were prepared for the convenience of storage and transportation. The release kinetics of CsA (55.6% released on Day 1) showed potential for maintaining therapeutic CsA concentrationsin vivo. In T-cell assays, both free CsA and CsA/PEG-PLGA-NPs suppressed T-cell proliferation and production of inflammatory cytokines dose dependently. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, the IC50values for free CsA and CsA/PEG-PLGA-NPs were found to be 30 and 35 ng/mL, respectively. This nanoparticulate CsA delivery technology constitutes a strong basis for future targeted delivery of immunosuppressive drugs with improved efficiency and potentially reduced toxicity.

Study of The Pharmacological Activity and Heavy Metal Content of Eichhornia Crassipes Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Jimmy ◽  
Diah Indriani Widiputri ◽  
Paulus Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Negative Impacts

Eichhornia crassipes is well-known as water hyacinth. Water hyacinth grows rapidly in the nutrient-rich water and high light intensity places. The uncontrollable growth of water hyacinth has caused many negative impacts to the environment. For instance, interrupted water transport and decreased population of aquatic lives. The capacity of utilising water hyacinth is slower than water hyacinth growth and water hyacinth is still considered as a threat to theecosystem. This work was focused on the study of the pharmacological activity and heavy metal content of water hyacinth in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang. Fresh water hyacinth was pre-treated through oven-drying and milling process. After that, each part of the plant was macerated by using multiple extraction method with 96% ethanol/water and three variations of sample-to-solvent ratios (1:30, 1:50, and 1:75 w/v). The result of the experiment showed thatwater hyacinth leaves produced an extract with lowest IC 50 (55.76 ± 6.73 ppm) compared toother parts. The most optimum solvent used to achieve this result was 96% ethanol/water (1:1 v/v). In order to obtain the lowest antioxidant activity, the sample to solvent ratio used was 1:50 and the heavy metal in the extract was very low. With this result, it was concluded that there is a promising opportunity to apply the water hyacinth growing in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang as herbal medicine ingredient. Through this utilization, the overall number of water hyacinth in Indonesia can be reduced or at the least be controlled, so that the environmental problem caused by this plant can be minimized.

Smart Plant Growth Control and Monitoring System for Indoor Hydroponic Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fina Supegina
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Hydroponic Growth

Hydroponics is one of planting method that use water as a medium of plants growth, in this technique, mineral solution added into the water solvent, allowing the nutrient uptake process by the plants.  Farming by hydroponic method must pay attention to the following parameters namely, temperature, humidity, the level of water needs and nutrients and also the level of sunlight need for photosynthesis process.  This research used hydroponic technique in hydroponic growth room, and  there is a LED growth light as an alternate of sunlight, due to this room is closed without sunlight.  There are outputs displayed in monitoring system namely, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasound sensor to detect height of the plant and water level sensor to measured height of the water as a medium of the plant.  Results of measured sensor in hydroponic growth room explained as the following:  fan cooler worked when temperature , and humidity  .  Water pump worked when water level is less than 50% accordance set point.  Control on LED Growth Light and LED Bulb when LDR sensor reached set point > 500 in bright condition, and < 500 in dark condition respectively. The average of Time update/received data in thing speak web is 2.4 second. Keywords: Smart Control, Hydroponic, IoT, Monitoring

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