Factors Increasing Risk of Septicemia in Acute Cholycystectomy Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3155-3156
Author(s):  
Shafqat Ullah ◽  
Samina Karim ◽  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Aqil Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Systematic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Increasing Risk

Background: Septicemia is defined as systematic inflammatory response syndrome which is formed as a result of an infection. Objective: To identify the factors increasing risk of septicemia in acute cholecystectomy patients. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Sahara Medical College, Narowal from 1st August 2020 to 31st May 2021. Methodology: One hundred and seventy acute cholecystectomy patients were enrolled. The patient’s demographic, clinical history, comorbidities and post-operative complications were listed. All procedures were done through laparoscopic method. Results: There were 54.1% females and 45.9% males. The mean age of patients was 52.17±14.33 years. There were 11.7% cases who developed septicemia. The immune deficient patients were 0.9% and 1.8% had perforated gall bladder. There were 2.7% cases having obesity, cirrhosis or complicated diabetes with 3.6% having chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The factors of complicated diabetes, cirrhosis, obesity and chronic kidney disease are associated with risk of septicemia in acute cholecystectomy. Key words: Cholecystectomy, Septicemia, Risk factors, Obesity, Chronic kidney disease

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME - AN EMERGING RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Ashwini Shenai ◽  
Savitha G
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common health problem worldwide. According to third national health and nutrition examination survey criteria, about 47 million people have MetS. It is defined as having three or more of the following five risk factors including abdominal obesity, increased triglyceride levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose levels. These components of MetS are major risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) also. CKD is a major public problem and it is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between MetS and CKD.Methods: A total of 50 patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals were enrolled into the study which includes 25 patients with MetS and 25 healthy individuals. 5 mL of venous blood was collected and centrifuged. Then, it is analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum triglycerides, serum urea, and creatinine using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software.Results: The mean body mass index, FBS, serum creatinine, and triglyceride levels were higher in MetS patients in comparison to healthy individuals. The mean body mass index (BMI), FBS, serum urea, serum creatinine, and triglyceride levels in the control group and MetS group were 27.75±3.67, 84.8±12.5, 17.52±5.2, 0.91±0.17, and 96.5±60.13 and 35.14±4.25, 108.8±34.69, 21.4±5.9, 1.0±0.14, and 239.76±51.21, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean BMI, FBS, urea, creatinine, and triglyceride levels of the above group.Conclusion: Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher in MetS individuals. Hence, MetS could be a one of the risk factors for the development of CKD.

scholarly journals Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease among Tamil Nadu Population- ACross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chandan Bala ◽  
M Jayabharathy ◽  
S Sheba Yesu Priya ◽  
S Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Chronic kidney failure in India and around the world is a significant health problem. The most effective and affordable treatment may require screening for early detection,intervention and prevention. Public awareness is a key determinant to overcome the burden of Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD). However, there is a lack of information on CKD among South Indian people. Aim: To assess the awareness and knowledge of CKD among the South Indian population. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted through an online form; the questions were generally based on the physiological role of kidney and awareness questions related to CKD. The sample size was 500 participants, of age >18 years and snowball sampling method was implemented. Among the study population, 68 participants had a family history of CKD and they were excluded. The data were analysed through Pearson Chi-Square test. Results: The mean knowledge score was 13 (SD±5.0), with values ranging from 0 to 22. The mean age of the population was 47.80±8.5 years. Multiple regression on demographic data and knowledge yielded statistically negligible results.The study population included 432 participants and the result showed the realms that most responded incorrectly were physiology of kidney, CKD symptoms, risk factors and the domain of testing and diagnosis. Conclusion: The participants had ample knowledge of the risk factors, signs and symptoms of CKD and insufficient knowledge of the physiological function of the kidney and the diagnosis of CKD. Therefore, efforts are necessary to create awareness and educate people about the early detection and prevention of CKD.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in a populated area with highly moving populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khajedaluee ◽  
Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht ◽  
Arman Mosavat ◽  
Reza Hekmat ◽  
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hematologic Tests ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD was evaluated in the greater Mashhad, a highly populated pilgrimage city, in 2018 on 2,976 subjects.MethodsThis study was carried out in the greater Mashhad, a highly populated pilgrimage city, in 2018 on 2,976 subjects. For each participant a standard questionnaire, a physical examination and clinical history were completed. Then biochemical and hematologic tests for kidney function were performed.ResultsObesity was observed more frequently in subjects with CKD, thus BMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of CKD (p<0.001). Moderately reduced GFR was found in 17.6% and 7.1%, and severely reduce GFR at 0.7% and 0.5%, of males and females, respectively (p<0.001).Drug abuse also showed a strong association with CKD (p=0.004), but smoking did not. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression of decreased estimated GFR<60 showed that age (OR=1.06), gender (OR=2.14), diabetes (OR=1.07), hypertension (OR=1.39) and drug usage (OR=3.29) were risk factors for CKD; BMI was not. The same statistics showed that only age (OR=1.02), diabetes (OR=2.61) and hypertension (OR=1.16) were risk factors for albuminuria. The prevalence of hypertension (22.1%) was a risk factor for CKD, and vice versa. BMI and drug abuse were also risk factors for hypertension, but not smoking.ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that progression of CKD and hypertension in any population should be considered in the context of changes in human behaviours, etiology, disease severity, co-occurring diseases, addiction and priority of therapy over prevention.

scholarly journals P0765RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: DOES INFLAMMATION SAY IT ALL?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sofia Rodrigues Reis ◽  
Pedro Salvador ◽  
Ana Marta Gomes ◽  
Sara Beça ◽  
João Carlos Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increase risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it is unknow which risk factors contributes to CKD in this population. This study aims to determine predictors for the development of CKD in RA patients. Method A retrospective study was conducted in 106 patients with RA followed at a sub-specialized internal medicine appointment between January 2007 and December 2017. RA was defined according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria and CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60mL/min/ 1.73m2 or presence of abnormalities of urinary sediment for 3 months. Results The mean age was 61 ± 12.83 years, and 67.9% (n=72) were female. The prevalence of CKD was 20.8% (n=22). Renal disease had multifactorial etiology in 20 patients, and one case of ANCA negative glomerulonephritis and other of diabetic nephropathy. Individuals with RA and CKD were older, presented more cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. There was no statistically significant association between gender and the presence of CKD (p = 0.131). Age (p = 0.031) and diabetes (p = 0.031) were independent risk factors for development of CKD in RA patients. RA duration in patients with CKD (8, 4-13) was not statistically different from RA duration in non-CKD patients (7.50, 4,75 – 12,25), (p=0.890). Conclusion Patients with RA and CKD had higher incidence of cardiovascular events, diabetes and hypertension which are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in this group. The presence of diabetes mellitus that often arise as an adverse effect of drugs used in the treatment of RA, significantly increased the risk of developing CKD. Otherwise, RA duration didn’t represent a risk factor for developing CKD. Thus, it is important to control diabetes, particularly glucocorticoid-induced diabetes to prevent development of CKD in AR patients.

scholarly journals Value of Calcium and Phosphorous in chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis: A retrospective study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
S Singh ◽  
K Upadhyay-Dhungel ◽  
G Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Background: Derangements of mineral metabolism occur during early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mineral metabolism has emerged as important predictors of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. This study aims to evaluate the values of calcium and phosphorous in reference to practice guidelines issued by National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) in patients undergoing hemodialysis in KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital.Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study which included 101 patients who underwent hemodialysis in KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of three months (October 2010 to December 2010). The laboratory parameters of serum calcium, and phosphorus were evaluated and were compared with that of recommended values by K/DOQI guidelines.Results: The mean values for serum calcium, phosphorus, and calcium-phosphorus product were 8.79 ± 1.48 mg/dL, 5.30 ± 1.32 mg/dL and 46.62 ± 1.96 mg2/dL2 respectively. Forty (40%), 53 (53%) and 76 (76%) cases of CKD patients met K/DOQI target value for calcium, phosphorous and calciumphosphorous product respectively. Twenty one percent of the patients meet the three K/DOQI guidelines and 14% did not meet any of the recommended guidelines by K/DOQI.Conclusion: To achieve all the K/DOQI guidelines multi-disciplinary team approach is crucial. More extensive multicenter studies need to be carried out. It is necessary to develop our national guidelines in future.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2012) Vol. 2, 293-296DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6881

scholarly journals Efficacy And Renal Safety of Febuxostat In Management of Gout And Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyu Zhang ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Jundi Wang ◽  
Shunjie Hu ◽  
Xiaoyong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Acute Arthritis ◽  
Renal Safety

Abstract Background: Elevated serum urate levels are associated with renal deterioration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether urate-lowering treatment with febuxostat can improve renal function or attenuate the decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is controversial. The current study sought to explore efficacy and renal safety of febuxostat in gout patients with CKD and explore factors correlated with target serum urate (sUA).Methods: The current study was a single-center retrospective study comprising male gout patients with CKD. sUA, the rate of sUA < 360 µmol/L and renal safety were analyzed in subjects who had been treated with febuxostat for more than 44 weeks. Factors correlated with target sUA were explored by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 87 patients who had been diagnosed with gout and CKD met the inclusion criteria for the study. Twenty-five (28.73%) patients presented with stage 2 CKD, 58 (66.67%) were diagnosed with stage 3 CKD and 4 (4.60%) were diagnosed with stage 4 CKD. Analysis of sUA level showed a significant reduction at week 44~ (598.22 ± 95.11 µmol/L vs. 429.76 ± 123.45 μmol/L; P < 0.05), and the RAT increased to 34.50%. eGFR level of all patients was 52.37 ± 11.74 ml/min/1.73cm2 at baseline and 56.51 ± 15.01 ml/min/1.73cm2 at week 44~ (P < 0.05). The findings showed improvement of eGFR level in different stages of CKD, mainly in stage 3 CKD patients (P < 0.05). After stratification based on risk factors of hypertension, diabetic mellitus, hyperlipidemia and the usage of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), the findings showed that eGFR levels of patients with ≤ 1 risk factors showed significant improvement (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that baseline sUA level and acute arthritis were correlated with the RAT in gout and CKD patients treated with febuxostat.Conclusions: In this retrospective study, febuxostat demonstrated effective and renal safety in gout patients with CKD. Baseline sUA level and acute arthritis may affect achieving of target sUA.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in Malawi: a cross-sectional analysis in a rural and urban population

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Hamilton ◽  
Wisdom P. Nakanga ◽  
Josephine E. Prynn ◽  
Amelia C. Crampin ◽  
Daniela Fecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background An epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu) is occurring in rural communities in tropical regions of low-and middle-income countries in South America and India. Little information is available from Southern African countries which have similar climatic and occupational characteristics to CKDu-endemic countries. We investigated whether CKDu is prevalent in Malawi and identified its potential risk factors in this setting. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from January–August 2018 collecting bio samples and anthropometric data in two Malawian populations. The sample comprised adults > 18 years (n = 821) without diabetes, hypertension, and proteinuria. Estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. Linear and logistic regression models were applied with potential risk factors, to estimate risk of reduced eGFR. Results The mean eGFR was 117.1 ± 16.0 ml/min per 1.73m2 and the mean participant age was 33.5 ± 12.7 years. The prevalence of eGFR< 60 was 0.2% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.1, 0.9); the prevalence of eGFR< 90 was 5% (95% CI =3.2, 6.3). We observed a higher prevalence in the rural population (5% (3.6, 7.8)), versus urban (3% (1.4, 6.7)). Age and BMI were associated with reduced eGFR< 90 [Odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) =3.59 (2.58, 5.21) per ten-year increment]; [OR (95%CI) =2.01 (1.27, 3.43) per 5 kg/m2 increment] respectively. No increased risk of eGFR < 90 was observed for rural participants [OR (95%CI) =1.75 (0.50, 6.30)]. Conclusions Reduced kidney function consistent with the definition of CKDu is not common in the areas of Malawi sampled, compared to that observed in other tropical or sub-tropical countries in Central America and South Asia. Reduced eGFR< 90 was related to age, BMI, and was more common in rural areas. These findings are important as they contradict some current hypothesis that CKDu is endemic across tropical and sub-tropical countries. This study has enabled standardized comparisons of impaired kidney function between and within tropical/subtropical regions of the world and will help form the basis for further etiological research, surveillance strategies, and the implementation and evaluation of interventions.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and Negative Prognostic Factors in Lebanese Patients Presenting with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Joseph El Khoury ◽  
Ronza Bachnak ◽  
Hiba El Assaad ◽  
Nahed Damaj ◽  
Jad Terro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases

Background: Congestive heart failure is responsible for repeated hospital admissions. It is classified into three types: (1) Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction, (2) Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, and (3) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is essential to describe the risk factors of HFpEF patients' profiles as targeting them is crucial for management. Aim: Our retrospective study aims to identify the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics associated with HFpEF and its mortality among hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Methods: 390 patients of all age groups presenting with acute heart failure decompensation at Mount Lebanon Hospital (MLH) and Middle East Institute of Health (MEIH, Bsalim) were recruited retrospectively between January 2014 and December 2016. We included 133 cases of HFpEF and collected data on each case including: baseline characteristics and comorbidities, electrocardiograms, laboratory studies, and echocardiographic parameters. Results: The 133 Lebanese patients having HFpEF were elderly (76 ± 10 years), with predominantly female gender (56%). Hypertension (87.96%) and diabetes (53.38%) were the most frequently reported comorbidities. The overall in-hospital mortality was 4.5%. Data was compared between living and deceased patients and the frequency of valvular heart disease (p=0.005) and chronic kidney disease (p=0.018) was significantly higher among deceased patients. Right ventricular (RV) dilation on echocardiography was significantly correlated with mortality. Elevated troponin, increased creatinine, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, and anemia were all lab markers associated with increased mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with HFpEF represent 43.5% of all decompensated HF cases, with chronic kidney disease, valvular heart diseases, anemia and troponinemia, being the predominant risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes. HFpEF remains an enormous burden on cardiologists for appropriate evaluation, triage, and management.

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease is associated with carotid atherosclerosis and symptomatic ischaemic stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3873-3883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Kajitani ◽  
Haruhito A. Uchida ◽  
Isao Suminoe ◽  
Yuki Kakio ◽  
Masashi Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Plaque Size ◽  
The Mean

Objective We aimed to investigate the relationships among chronic kidney disease (CKD), symptomatic ischaemic stroke, and carotid atherosclerosis. Methods We enrolled 455 patients who underwent carotid ultrasonography in our hospital, including 311 patients with symptomatic ischaemic stroke and 144 patients without symptomatic ischaemic stroke. Carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), the rate of internal carotid artery stenosis, and maximal plaque size were evaluated. Results The mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 11.0 years and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 68.8 ± 18.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, the mean IMT was significantly higher in patients with CKD than in those without CKD. The IMT and eGFR were negatively correlated in patients with stroke (r = −0.169). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that mean IMT, plaque size, and internal carotid artery stenosis were significant determinants of symptomatic ischaemic stroke after adjustment of multivariate risk factors. Furthermore, the eGFR was a negative determinant of symptomatic ischaemic stroke after adjusting for classical risk factors (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.868 [0.769–0.979]). Conclusion CKD might be associated with the carotid atherosclerosis and symptomatic ischaemic stroke.

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