Effects of Novel Coronavirus 2019 Infection on Antenatal Hematological Parameters in Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3279-3284
Author(s):  
Monika . ◽  
Israt Saba Mari ◽  
Monika Maheshwari ◽  
Shahida Shaikh ◽  
Qararo Shah Syed ◽  
...  

Background: Disturbance of haematological parameters is prevalent in pregnancy globally leading to a range of feto-maternal complications. Covid-19 infection has potential to enhance the severity of and complications impending due to anaemia in pregnancy. Objective: To determine the effects of Covid-19 infection on haematological parameters during antenatal care among pregnant women in rural Sindh. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Shaikh Zaid Institute, Chandka Medical College, Larkana. Duration: From March 1, 2021, and May 31, 2021. Materials and Method: A sample of 110 pregnant women, of 18-50 years of age, presenting in first through third trimester with single alive pregnancy, were included in the study after taking a valid written consent. The Research Evaluation Committee of SMBBMU- Larkana granted approval. Women having any haemoglobinopathy were excluded. Covid-19 test conducted through rt-PCR method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data of two groups. Analysis was performed through SPSS Version-23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Results: Mean ± SD age was 30.3 ± 6.99 (Range: 19 to 45) years. Both groups were identical in age. Mean ± SD gestational age was 28.12 ± 4.66 weeks (Range: 20-38). Covid-19 positive women had lower mean Hb (9.7 ± 2.11) than the covid-19 negative (10.54 ± 2.51; P = 0.158). Other haematological parameters like MCV, serum ferritin, TIBC, TLC & platelets were statistically different between groups. Women of eldest group i-e; in 41-50 years, from urban areas, second trimester (gest. age 13-24 weeks), and nulliparous had been affected more from covid-19 (P = 0.271, 0.748, 0.290 & 0.053). Frequency and severity of anaemia was more among Covid-19 positive women. Conclusion: Covid‐19 demands maternal healthcare to be extra vigilant to the haematological parameters of pregnant women during antenatal care till delivery. Keywords: Antenatal care, pregnancy, anaemia, haemoglobin, Covid‐19.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabeta Seeiso ◽  
Mamutle M. Todd-Maja

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Nurhikmah ◽  
Tahir Abdullah ◽  
Stang ◽  
Suriah ◽  
Andi Imam Arundhana ◽  
...  

Objective: This study was to examine the effects of counselling delivered during antenatal care on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy.Methods: This was a pre-experimental design using one group pre- and post-test only. This study was conducted in Takalar, specifically within Sanrobone Community Health Service working area. Takalar is located in South Sulawesi Province Indonesia and this area is coastal with the majority of people working as a fisherman. Participants of this study were pregnant women living in the villages which are included in the working area of Sanrobone Community Health Service.Results: The study shows that counselling improved knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy (p=0.011 and p=0.025, respectively). The number of pregnant women with good knowledge and positive attitude increased after the intervention (43.8% vs 93.8%, 62.5% vs 93.8%, respectively).Conclusions: In can be concluded that intervention by means of counselling can improve the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to implement the counselling program delivered by health workers in Community Health Service in order to mitigate the risk of maternal mortality.


Author(s):  
Radha K. R. ◽  
Nishu Sugunan ◽  
Resmy C. R.

Background: Hypothyroidism (HT) is associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity. Subclinical HT rather than overt occur in pregnancy, because overt HT causes infertility. Treatment of overt HT was beneficial in reducing the fetal and maternal complications, Usefulness of correcting subclinical hypothyroidism was doubtful, hence Universal screening of pregnant women was not recommended.Methods: Cross sectional study, conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India. 50 consecutive cases of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy were analyzed for Thyroid function, antenatal, natal, postnatal complications. Perinatal complications, including neonatal hypothyroidism also noted. Statistical analysis done using computer software Epi info3.4. Data expressed in its frequency and percentage, continuous data in mean.Results: All women in the study group received levothyroxine during pregnancy from time of diagnosis. At the time of delivery 84% women were euthyroid and 16% hypothyroid. Complications like anemia 36%, abruption 4%, and postpartum hemorrhage 6% showed a statistically significant association, while pre-eclampsia 20%, preterm labor 22% had no statistically significant association. Comparing the women who are euthyroid as a result of levothyroxine supplementation to women inadequately treated, complications like anemia (33% versus 50%, p value 0.042), abruption (0% versus 4%, p value0.023), PPH (2% versus 6%, p value 0.014) were significantly less in well controlled.Conclusions: Significant association was noted between inadequately treated hypothyroidism and maternal complications like anaemia, placental abruption, placenta previa, PPH, preterm delivery, and caesarean section rate for foetal distress. Universal screening of pregnant women for thyroid status is recommended.


Author(s):  
Vruti Patel ◽  
J. D. Lakhani

Introduction: A number of adaptations happen in the anatomy, physiology and metabolic processes within the mother which aids in successful progression of the pregnancy. The different blood indices such as haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count; total WBC count etc. can be measured to evaluate haematological status in a pregnant woman. The hematological profile of the pregnant women has an impact on both pregnancy and its outcome. Anaemia in pregnancy can be leads to morbidity and mortality in mother and fetus. The current study was designed to determine the variation in status of hemoglobin and other blood indices in anemic and non-anemic pregnant women. Aims ans Objectives: 1. To study the hematological and other blood indices among pregnant women, 2. To assess the degree of anemia in pregnant women, 3. To compare the Various hematological parameters between anemic and non -anemic pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional comparative descriptive survey design and quantitative approach was adopted to achieve the goal of the study. The study was conducted at the tertiary care hospital of Vadodara, Gujarat. Total 300 pregnant women were recruited and socio demographic information was collected. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC), and platelet count, blood indices of the recruited samples were studied.Mean and SD of Haematological parameters were calculated and unpaired t-test was used to compare the pregnant anaemic women data with non-anaemic pregnant women. Results: Out of 300, 204 pregnant women were found anemic and most of the pregnant women 84% belonged to rural area. In accordance with severity of anemia, Moderate degree of anemia was found to be highest (41%) in anemic pregnant women. Comparison of non - anaemic pregnant women with anaemic pregnant women shows significant changes in haematological parameters (p <0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is significant changes in hematological parameters in each trimesters of pregnancy as well compare to non-anemic to anemic pregnant women. Most of the hematological changes occur in order to physiological adaptation of pregnancy but abnormal status of Haemoglobin and other blood indices cause adverse outcome of the pregnancy.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250350
Author(s):  
Yaa Nyarko Agyeman ◽  
Sam Newton ◽  
Raymond Boadu Annor ◽  
Ellis Owusu-Dabo

In 2012 the World Health Organisation (WHO) revised the policy on Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to at least three doses for improved protection against malaria parasitaemia and its associated effects such as anaemia during pregnancy. We assessed the different SP dosage regimen available under the new policy to determine the dose at which women obtained optimal protection against anaemia during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic at four different health facilities in Ghana. The register at the facilities served as a sampling frame and simple random sampling was used to select all the study respondents; they were enrolled consecutively as they kept reporting to the facility to receive antenatal care to obtain the required sample size. The haemoglobin level was checked using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to generate odds ratios, confidence intervals and p-values. The overall prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was 62.6%. Pregnant women who had taken 3 or more doses of IPTp-SP had anaemia prevalence of 54.1% compared to 66.6% of those who had taken one or two doses IPTp-SP. In the multivariable logistic model, primary (aOR 0.61; p = 0.03) and tertiary education (aOR 0.40; p = <0.001) decreased the odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Further, pregnant women who were anaemic at the time of enrollment (aOR 3.32; p = <0.001) to the Antenatal Care clinic and had malaria infection at late gestation (aOR 2.36; p = <0.001) had higher odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Anaemia in pregnancy remains high in the Northern region of Ghana. More than half of the pregnant women were anaemic despite the use of IPTp-SP. Maternal formal education reduced the burden of anaemia in pregnancy. The high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy amid IPTp-SP use in Northern Ghana needs urgent attention to avert negative maternal and neonatal health outcomes.


Author(s):  
Shubhranshu Shekhar

Several biological factors, particularly haematological, are physiologically altered during normal pregnancy. Biologists and doctors who are aware of these changes in the maternal body can screen for potential abnormalities. The aim of this research is to find healthy pregnant women's reference values. This was a cross-sectional research of pregnant women who attended an antenatal clinic at Sree Balaji Medical College, with anaemic and non-anemic pregnant women. Pregnant women were categorized into three groups -Group I - First Trimester (50 cases); Group II - Second Trimester (50 cases) and Group III - Third Trimester (72 cases) while non­ pregnant women formed the fourth group (30 cases). A statistically significant difference between the pregnant women and control group was noted (p < 0.05) for all the hematological parameters: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets and mean platelet volume. The present study provides additional baseline data for basic hematological parameters in healthy pregnant women and concluded that pregnancy in women has the tendency to alter some hematological indices.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ana-María Vásquez ◽  
Lina Zuluaga-Idárraga ◽  
Margarita Arboleda ◽  
Luz-Yáned Usuga ◽  
Carolina Gallego-Marin ◽  
...  

Background. Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is limited information on MiP in low transmission regions as Colombia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of MiP through active surveillance of infections by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2016 and January 2017 in five municipalities (Apartadó, Turbo, El Bagre, Quibdó, and Tumaco) in Colombia. Pregnant women self-presenting at health centers for antenatal care visits, seeking medical care for suspected malaria, or delivery, were enrolled. Diagnosis of Plasmodium spp was made in peripheral and placental blood samples by microscopy and PCR. Results. A total of 787 pregnant women were enrolled; plasmodial infection was diagnosed by microscopy in 4.2% (95% CI 2.8-5.6; 33/787) or by nPCR in 5.3% (95% CI 3.8-6.9; 42/787) in peripheral blood. Most of the infections were caused by P. falciparum (78.5%), and 46% were afebrile (asymptomatic). Women in the first and second trimester of pregnancy were more likely to be infected (aOR=3.06, 95%CI=1.6−5.8). To live in the urban/peri-urban area (aOR=3.04, 95%CI=1.4−6.56), to have a history of malaria during last year (aOR=5.45, 95%IC=2.16−13.75), and the infrequent bed net usage (aOR=2.8, 95%CI=1.31−5.97) were associated with the infection. Pregnant infected women had a higher risk of anaemia (aOR=2.18, 95%CI=1.15−4.12) and fever (aOR=14.2, 95%CI=6.89−29.8). Conclusion. The screening for malaria during antenatal care in endemic areas of Colombia is highly recommended due to the potential adverse effects of Plasmodium spp. infection in pregnancy and as an important activity for the surveillance of asymptomatic infections in the control of malaria.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Dionne-Odom ◽  
Rahel Mbah ◽  
Nicole J. Rembert ◽  
Samuel Tancho ◽  
Gregory E. Halle-Ekane ◽  
...  

Objectives. We estimated seroprevalence and correlates of selected infections in pregnant women and blood donors in a resource-limited setting.Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of laboratory seroprevalence data from pregnant women and voluntary blood donors from facilities in Cameroon in 2014. Rapid tests were performed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen, syphilis treponemal antibodies, and HIV-1/2 antibodies. Blood donations were also tested for hepatitis C and malaria.Results. The seroprevalence rates and ranges among 7069 pregnant women were hepatitis B 4.4% (1.1–9.6%), HIV 6% (3.0–10.2%), and syphilis 1.7% (1.3–3.8%) with significant variability among the sites. Correlates of infection in pregnancy in adjusted regression models included urban residence for hepatitis B (aOR 2.9, CI 1.6–5.4) and HIV (aOR 3.5, CI 1.9–6.7). Blood donor seroprevalence rates and ranges were hepatitis B 6.8% (5.0–8.8%), HIV 2.2% (1.4–2.8%), syphilis 4% (3.3–4.5%), malaria 1.9%, and hepatitis C 1.7% (0.5–2.5%).Conclusions. Hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis infections are common among pregnant women and blood donors in Cameroon with higher rates in urban areas. Future interventions to reduce vertical transmission should include universal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and provision of effective prevention tools including the birth dose of univalent hepatitis B vaccine.


F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Biracyaza ◽  
Samuel Habimana ◽  
Donat Rusengamihigo ◽  
Heather Evans

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains the global unfinished agenda in most countries of the world especially in low- and middle-income countries. LBW subsequently has harmful effects on the lifestyle, psychosocial and physiological development of the child. Although it is known that antenatal care (ANC) visits are important interventions contributing to prediction of newborn birth weight, little has been conducted on effect of ANC visits on birth weight in Rwanda. This study aimed at determining the association between regular ANC visits and risk of LBW among newborns in Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to analyse the effects of ANC on LBW using the 2014/2015 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey. Associations of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and individual factors of the mother with LBW newborns were performed using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Prevalences of LBW and macrosomia were 5.8% and 17.6%, respectively. Newborns delivered from mothers attending fewer than four ANC visits were at almost three-times greater risk of having LBW [aOR=2.8; 95%CI (1.5–5.4), p=0.002] compared to those whose mothers attending four or more ANC visits. Residing in a rural area for pregnant women was significantly associated with LBW [aOR=1.1; 95%CI (0.7–1.6), p=0.008]. Maternal characteristics, such as anemia, predicted an increase in LBW [aOR=3.5; 95%CI (1.5–5.4), p<0.001]. Those who received no nutritional counseling [aOR=2.5; 95%CI (2–8.5), p<0.001] and who were not told about maternal complications [aOR=3.3; 95%CI (1.5–6.6), p=0.003] were more prone to deliver newborns with LBW than those who received them. Pregnant women who received iron and folic acid were less likely to have LBW newborns [aOR=0.5; 95%CI (0.3–0.9), p=0.015]. Conclusion: ANC visits significantly contributed to reducing the incidence of LBW. This study underscores the need for early, comprehensive, and high-quality ANC services to prevent LBW in Rwanda.


Author(s):  
Rizki Amalia Yulisa Maulia Rizki Amalia Yulisa Maulia

Status gizi merupakan ukuran keberhasilan dalam pemenuhan nutrisi untuk ibu hamil. Status gizi juga dapat diartikan sebagai status kesehatan yang dihasilkan oleh keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan masukan nutrient. dampak atau bahaya status gizi ibu hamil yang buruk, baik sebelum kehamilan atau pada saat kehamilan akan mempengaruhi kondisi ibu dan janin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara antenatal care, hipertensi dalam kehamilan, dan  riwayat penyakit ibu dengan status gizi ibu hamil di puskesmas  gandus  palembang tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei analitik dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan di Puskesmas gandus  Palembang dari bulan Agustus tahun 2016. sample yang diambil berjumlah 62 orang.Data yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi responden dan dilakukan analisis univariat dan bivariat secara komputerisasi. hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antenatal care dengan status gizi diperoleh hasil uji Chi – Square diperoleh p value =0,03 (bermakna), hubungan hipertensi dalam kehamilan dengan status gizi diperoleh hasil uji Chi – Square diperoleh p value =0,068 (tidak bermakna), riwayat penyakit ibu dengan status gizi diperoleh hasil uji Chi – Square diperoleh p value =0,153(tidak bermakna). Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan baik dalam menyusun rencana strategi serta pelaksanaan dalam memberikan pelayanan langsung pada pasien, sehingga mutu dan kualitas pelayanan lebih ditingkatkan lagi       ABSTRACT Nutritional status assesses the nutrional fulfillment in pregnant women. It can also be defined as the indicator of health which is achieved by balancing between the needs and nutrient intake. Poor nutrional status can give negative impact on pregnancy, not only before but also during the pregnancy and it influences the condition of the mothers and their fetuses. This research aimed to investigate the association between antenatal care, hypertension in pregnancy, mother’s medical history with nutrional status of pregnant woman in the Community  Health Center of gandus, palembang in 2016. This research used analytical survey method with Cross-Sectional study designed. The research’s population was all pregnant women who had antenatal care in the community health center of gandus in Agust 2016. The samples taken were 62 people. The data were presented in the table of distribution of respondents and analyzed using computerized univariate and bivariate techniques. The result of statistics test, using Chi-Square test showed that the association between antenatal care and nutrional status was significant with p-value = 0.03, the association between hypertension in pregnancy and nutrional status was not significant with p-value = 0.068, the association of mothers’ medical history with nutrional status was not significant with p-value = 0.153. it is expected that the result of this research gives positive contribution in designing the strategic plan as well as implementing direct patient services in order to improve service quality.


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