Aspecte privind dezvoltarea bolii fainarea stejarului (Microsphaera Alphitoides) în arboretele de cvercinee

Forest Edge ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Oak Trees ◽

Fungus Mycelium ◽

Medium Level ◽

Two Stages

The fungal agent Microsphaera alphitoides is one of the main agents responsible for degradation of oak ecosystems in Moldova. The development and spread of the oak powdery mildew in the researched areas occurred during two stages of leaves infestation (primary infestation, in spring, through ascospori and secondary infestation, in summer, through conidia), directly depended on meteorological parameters and the presence of the source of infestation. The meteorological conditions in 2018 allowed the spread of the disease in oak stands, especially during the secondary infestation, when leaf infestation with the fungus mycelium was at medium level (inside the experimental surfaces) and reached a medium to strong level of infestation on trees at the forest edge. The high susceptibility of oak trees to this disease requires development of strategies to reduce the risk of "powdery mildew".

Accounting for local meteorological effects in the ozone time-series of Lovozero (Kola Peninsula)

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-3-941-2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 941-949 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

O. A. Tarasova ◽

A. Yu. Karpetchko

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Kola Peninsula ◽

Surface Ozone ◽

Meteorological Condition ◽

Cold Season ◽

Short Term ◽

The Relationship ◽

Meteorological Effects

Abstract. The relationship between local meteorological conditions and the surface ozone variability was studied by means of statistical modeling, using ozone and meteorological parameters measured at Lovozero (250 m a.s.l., 68.5°N, 35.0°E, Kola Peninsula) for the period of 1999-2000. The regression model of daily mean ozone concentrations on such meteorological parameters as temperature, relative humidity and wind speed explains up to 70% of day-to-day ozone variability in terms of meteorological condition changes, if the seasonal cycle is also considered. A regression model was created for separated time scales of the variables. Short-term, synoptical and seasonal components are separated by means of Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filtering. The synoptical scale variations were chosen as the most informative from the point of their mutual relation with meteorological parameters. Almost 40% of surface ozone variations in time periods of 11-60 days can be explained by the regression model on separated scales that is 30% more efficient than ozone residuals usage. Quantitative and qualitative estimations of the relations between surface ozone and meteorological predictors let us preliminarily conclude that at the Lovozero site surface ozone variability is governed mainly by dynamical processes of various time scale rather than photochemistry, especially during the cold season.

POWDERY MILDEW DISTRIBUTION ON VINE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DON AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION

Russian vine ◽

10.32904/2712-8245-2021-18-3-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

N.O. Arestova ◽

◽

I.O. Ryabchun ◽

N.G. Ryabushchenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Growing Season ◽

High Humidity

Information on the prevalence and harmfulness of oidium on grapevine plants of various varieties in the conditions of the Don ampelographic collection is presented. It was found that the corresponding meteorological conditions in 2019, 2020: moderate air temperature and high humidity in the spring months, as well as in July, the presence of foci of infection on the ampelocollection contributed to the epiphytotic development of oidium. The first signs of the pathogen were detected at the end of flowering - beginning of berry growth. During the growing season, despite the protective treatments against powdery mildew, the degree of pathogenic lesion exceeding 3.5 points was observed in 2019 in 88% of the studied varieties, in 2020 - in 20% of the varieties. The smallest degree of mildew infection (up to 1.5 points) in 2020 was noted in the varieties Tavrosi, Kumshatskiy beliy, Kumshatskiy cherniy.

Apple cultivars resistant to scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Aderh.) Part I. Pomological evaluation of apple cultivars

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1989.009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (1-2) ◽

pp. 105-122

Author(s):

Zbigniew Borecki ◽

Aleksander Rejman ◽

Ryszard Nowakowski ◽

Beata Słowińska

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Apple Scab ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

High Productivity ◽

Flowering Season ◽

Lower Productivity ◽

Apple Cultivars

Sixteen apple cultivars and numbered selections resistant to apple scab were investigated in the years 1982-1986. The investigations concerned the following questions: vigour of growth, flowering, season of ripening, evaluation of fruits and their biochemical analysis. Three groups of apple cultivars were distinguished. The first group included 'Freedom', 'Liberty' and 'Novamac' which showed high productivity, satisfactory winterhardiness and best taste of fruits. Four cultivars: 'Primula', 'Prima', 'Priam' and 'Liberty Sister', were recognized as interesting because. of their ripening season and original taste but their winterhardiness was insufficient. Seven cultivars: 'Florina', 'Sir Prize', 'Priscilla', 'Macfree', 'Nova Easygro', 'Gavin' and 'Jonafree', as well as two numbered selections, NY 55-158-2 and NY 61-345-2, were disqualified because of lower productivity, high susceptibility to apple powdery mildew, poor taste, low acidity of fruits and low winterhardiness.

Some Interesting Traits of European and Asian Fragaria Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.439a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 439A-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert H. Bors ◽

J. Alan Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Winter Hardiness ◽

Hybrid Vigor ◽

Cold Winter ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Green Color ◽

Dark Green ◽

Fragaria Species

Several interesting attributes have been observed while working with European and Asian species of Fragaria. F. nilgerrensis has shown immunity to aphids and leaf diseases. F. iinumae produces runners that frequently have unusual tap roots. F. moschata demonstrated excellent winter hardiness in a water-logged field during an unusually long cold winter (1995–96) in southern Ontario, excellent leaf disease resistance, and high susceptibility to Botrytis. When grown in the greenhouse, F. moschata fruit taste like a concord grape. F. pentaphylla (Guelph P-1 and P-2) displayed unusually bright red-colored fruit that were uniformly wedged, firm, but lacking flavor. F. pentaphylla P-1 is extremely vigorous and immune to leaf diseases. F. nubicola and F. daltoniana are the smallest and least-vigorous plants in the Univ. of Guelph's collection, yet they appear to confer hybrid vigor to their progeny when crossed to other species. F. daltoniana's leaf has a waxy cuticle and dark green color similar to F. chiloensis. F. viridis has a spicy, cinnamon-like flavor. When F. viridis is crossed to most other diploids, powdery mildew and leaf diseases are prevalent. F. orientalis crosses easily to synthetic tetraploids, has a flavor similar to F. viridis and F. nubicola, but is extremely susceptible to viruses. Aroma is quite variable in F. vesca with the most desirable originating from Russian accessions.

Spatial distribution of enhanced BrO and its relation to meteorological parameters in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice regions

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-20-12285-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (20) ◽

pp. 12285-12312

Author(s):

Sora Seo ◽

Andreas Richter ◽

Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt ◽

Ilias Bougoudis ◽

John Philip Burrows

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Air Temperature ◽

High Surface ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

The Arctic ◽

Antarctic Sea Ice

Abstract. Satellite observations have shown large areas of elevated bromine monoxide (BrO) covering several thousand square kilometres over the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice regions in polar spring. These enhancements of total BrO columns result from increases in stratospheric or tropospheric bromine amounts or both, and their occurrence may be related to local meteorological conditions. In this study, the spatial distribution of the occurrence of total BrO column enhancements and the associated changes in meteorological parameters are investigated in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions using 10 years of Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) measurements and meteorological model data. Statistical analysis of the data presents clear differences in the meteorological conditions between the 10-year mean and episodes of enhanced total BrO columns in both polar sea ice regions. These differences show pronounced spatial patterns. In general, atmospheric low pressure, cold surface air temperature, high surface-level wind speed, and low tropopause heights were found during periods of enhanced total BrO columns. In addition, spatial patterns of prevailing wind directions related to the BrO enhancements are identified in both the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice regions. The relevance of the different meteorological parameters on the total BrO column is evaluated based on a Spearman rank correlation analysis, finding that tropopause height and surface air temperature have the largest correlations with the total BrO vertical column density. Our results demonstrate that specific meteorological parameters can have a major impact on the BrO enhancement in some areas, but in general, multiple meteorological parameters interact with each other in their influence on BrO columns.

Resistance of Spring Barley Varieties to Powdery Mildew in theCzechRepublicin 1971–2000

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3718-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 31-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Dreiseitl ◽

P. Pařízek

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

High Resistance ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Pathogen Population ◽

Major Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Score

Resistance to powdery mildew of 127 spring barley varieties was evaluated in 702 official variety trials, using scores from 1 to 9. Trials with sufficient disease severity were only analysed. Varieties possessing the resistance genes Mla7 (Elgina), Ml(Kr) (BR-1519), Mla13 (Koral) and mlo (Forum) were among the most resistant ones. The varieties Diamant, HE-3527, HE-3631, II/61-FUDII and Zefir showed high susceptibility. Fifteen varieties, carrying the genes Mla1, Mla3, Mla6, Mla9, Mla13, Ml(Kr) and Ml(Sc), were in the first years of testing highly resistant, but became susceptible later. The score of the most resistant variety ranged each year from 8.05 to 9.00, only in 1987–1991 it was lower. Since the pathogen population rapidly adapted to most resistance genes in the mid eighties, no resistant variety was found in 1987–1989. From 1986 to 1995 on average only 6.6% of the tested varieties were resistant, but there was no variety with resistance score above 8.50. High resistance was typical for varieties possessing an effective major resistance gene. Since the resistance of such varieties was not durable, we recommend breeding of varieties with at least two fully effective resistance genes, using molecular markers.  

Environmental Assessment of the Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Man-Made Pollution by Carcinogenicly Dangerous Chemicals in the Voronezh Air Basin

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2021-2-60-65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

S.A. Kurolap ◽

V.S. Petrosyan ◽

O.V. Klepikov ◽

V.V. Kulnev ◽

D.Yu. Martynov

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Maximum Permissible Level ◽

Relative Air Humidity ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Based on the analysis of official statistics from the Voronezh Hydrometeorological Service, the patterns of the dynamics of pollutants (formaldehyde and soot) are investigated depending on the combination of various meteorological parameters — air temperature, wind speed, relative air humidity. A positive relationship has been established between the increase in atmospheric pollution with formaldehyde and air temperature. With increasing wind speed and relative humidity, the concentration of formaldehyde and soot in the atmosphere of the city, as a rule, decrease. The maximum permissible level of carcinogenic risk to public health has been established, causing concern. The obtained patterns can be used to predict the level of technogenic pollution of the city’s atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions.

The role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Victory Parade 2015

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-17-13921-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 13921-13940 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Pengfei Liang ◽

Tong Zhu ◽

Yanhua Fang ◽

Yingruo Li ◽

Yiqun Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Air Pollutant Concentrations

Abstract. To control severe air pollution in China, comprehensive pollution control strategies have been implemented throughout the country in recent years. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, the influence of meteorological conditions on levels of air pollution needs to be determined. Using the intensive air pollution control strategies implemented during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum in 2014 (APEC 2014) and the 2015 China Victory Day Parade (Victory Parade 2015) as examples, we estimated the role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution levels in Beijing. Atmospheric particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter  ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) samples were collected and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO, NOx, and O3) were measured online at a site in Peking University (PKU). To determine the influence of meteorological conditions on the levels of air pollution, we first compared the air pollutant concentrations during days with stable meteorological conditions. However, there were few days with stable meteorological conditions during the Victory Parade. As such, we were unable to estimate the level of emission reduction efforts during this period. Finally, a generalized linear regression model (GLM) based only on meteorological parameters was built to predict air pollutant concentrations, which could explain more than 70 % of the variation in air pollutant concentration levels, after incorporating the nonlinear relationships between certain meteorological parameters and the concentrations of air pollutants. Evaluation of the GLM performance revealed that the GLM, even based only on meteorological parameters, could be satisfactory to estimate the contribution of meteorological conditions in reducing air pollution and, hence, the contribution of control strategies in reducing air pollution. Using the GLM, we found that the meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies contributed 30 and 28 % to the reduction of the PM2.5 concentration during APEC and 38 and 25 % during the Victory Parade, respectively, based on the assumption that the concentrations of air pollutants are only determined by meteorological conditions and emission intensities. We also estimated the contribution of meteorological conditions and control strategies in reducing the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 components with the GLMs, revealing the effective control of anthropogenic emissions.

The Role of Meteorological Conditions and Pollution Control Strategies in Reducing Air Pollution in Beijing during APEC 2014 and Parade 2015

10.5194/acp-2017-456 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Pengfei Liang ◽

Tong Zhu ◽

Yanhua Fang ◽

Yingruo Li ◽

Yiqun Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. To control severe air pollution in China, comprehensive pollution control strategies have been implemented throughout the country in recent years. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, the influence of meteorological conditions on levels of air pollution needs to be determined. We therefore developed a generalized linear regression model (GLM) to establish the relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants and meteorological parameters. Using the intensive air pollution control strategies implemented during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum in 2014 (APEC 2014) and the Victory Parade for the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War in 2015 (Parade 2015) as examples, we estimated the role of meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies in reducing air pollution levels in Beijing. During the APEC (1 October to 31 December 2014) and Parade (1 August to 31 December 2015) sampling periods, atmospheric particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples were collected and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO, NOx, and O3) were measured online at a site in Peking University (PKU). The concentrations of all pollutants except ozone decreased dramatically (by more than 20 %) during both events, compared with the levels during non-control periods. To determine the influence of meteorological conditions on the levels of air pollution, we first compared the air pollutant concentrations during days with stable meteorological conditions (i.e. when the daily average wind speed (WS) was less than 2.50 m s−1 and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height was lower than 290 m). We found that the average PM2.5 concentration during APEC decreased by 45.7 % compared with the period before APEC and by 44.4 % compared with the period after APEC. This difference was attributed to emission reduction efforts during APEC. However, there were few days with stable meteorological conditions during Parade. As such, we were unable to estimate the level of emission reduction efforts during this period. Finally, GLMs based only on meteorological parameters were built to predict air pollutant concentrations, which could explain more than 70 % of the variation in air pollutant concentration levels, after incorporating the nonlinear relationships between certain meteorological parameters and the concentrations of air pollutants. Evaluation of the GLM performance revealed that the GLM, even based only on meteorological parameters, could be satisfactory to estimate the contribution of meteorological conditions in reducing air pollution, and hence the contribution of control strategies in reducing air pollution. Using the GLM, we found that the meteorological conditions and pollution control strategies contributed 30 % and 28 % to the reduction of the PM2.5 concentration during APEC 2014, and 38 % and 25 % during Parade 2015. We also estimated the contribution of meteorological conditions and control strategies implemented during the two events in reducing the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 components with the GLMs, revealing the effective control of anthropogenic emissions.

On the Evaporation Duct for Inhomogeneous Conditions in Coastal Regions

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jam2481.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 538-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. L. Geernaert

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Spatial Variability ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Evaporation Duct ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Simplifying Assumptions ◽

Spatially Homogeneous ◽

Spatially Varying

Abstract Evaporation ducts are ubiquitous phenomena over the oceans, and they are responsible for much of the over-the-horizon propagation occurring with millimeter and microwave radars. The height of the evaporation duct depends on meteorological parameters, most notably air and water temperature and relative humidity. In most cases, models that predict the height of the evaporation duct are based on Monin–Obukhov similarity (MOS) theory, and uncertainties in model predictions are often attributed to the simplifying assumptions behind MOS theory. In this paper, an extension to MOS theory is introduced that accommodates spatial variability of meteorological parameters in coastal regions. It is found that for even weakly varying meteorological conditions there are substantial differences in duct heights predicted when spatially varying conditions are invoked versus spatially homogeneous conditions.