scholarly journals RESEARCH ON OPTIMIZING THE OPERATION OF SHIPS IN CONTAINER TERMINALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
ROBERT ALEXANDRU DĂINEANU ◽  
DUMITRU DINU ◽  
MARIANA PANAITESCU ◽  
FANEL-VIOREL PANAITESCU
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Operating Process ◽  
Time Of Operation

The time allotted to a single ship at berth varies greatly depending on the characteristics of the ship, the volume of cargo and its specifications.. Taking into account the service time and the problem of terminals by overcrowding of waiting ships and available berths (which may vary in number, depending on the size of ships already berthed), the average waiting time is calculated and obtained. The operating process is usually sequential, ie each type of cargo is stacked separately from the other types. For this reason, the operating time was considered to consist of four other indicators, which correspond to the main types of cargo of Ro-Ro / Ro-Pax ships: complete trucks, semi-trailers, • passenger cars, vehicles as goods themselves. Also, the time of operation of the goods by the dockers can be formulated by two other different terms: the time related to the ship and the time in the terminal. In this context, we intend to analyze the capacity of the terminal in Constanța Port.. Two different scenarios are considered: a more "common" case for the studied terminal with 40 semi-trailers and 80 trucks to be unloaded and the same amount to be loaded and an "extreme" case in which all goods are composed of semi-trailers ( 160 plus 160 in total). By using simulation models, the values for the optimal quay time were obtained, in relation to the number of units for loading data in the specified scenarios. Using modeling algorithms, we obtain reports of situations that include tables and graphs that allow the optimization of terminal operation.

scholarly journals Impact of Operating Time on Selected Tribological Properties of the Friction Material in the Brake Pads of Passenger Cars

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borawski
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Wear Factor ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Braking systems have a direct impact on the safety of road users. That is why it is crucial that the performance of brakes be dependable and faultless. Unfortunately, the operating conditions of brakes during their operating time are affected by many variables, which results in changes in their tribological properties. This article presents an attempt to develop a methodology for studying how the operating time affects the value of the coefficient of friction and the abrasive wear factor. The Taguchi method of process optimization was used to plan the experiment, which was based on tests using the ball-cratering method. The results clearly show that the degree of wear affects the properties of the friction material used in the production process of brakes.

Optimal berth allocation under regular and emergent vessel arrivals

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022093788
Author(s):  
Abbas Al-Refaie ◽  
Hala Abedalqader
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Allocation Problem ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Berth Allocation ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Berth Allocation Problem ◽  
Quay Crane Assignment

This research proposes two optimization models to deal with the berth allocation problem. The first model considers the berth allocation problem under regular vessel arrivals to minimize the flow time of vessels in the marine container terminal, minimize the tardiness penalty costs, and maximize the satisfaction level of vessels’ operators on preferred times of departure. The second model optimizes the berth allocation problem under emergency conditions by maximizing the number of assigned vessels, minimizing the vessel’s waiting time, and maximizing the satisfaction level on the served ships. Two real examples are provided for model illustration under regular and emergent vessel arrivals. Results show that the proposed models effectively provide optimal vessel scheduling in the terminal, reduce costs at an acceptable satisfaction level of vessels’ operators, decrease the waiting time of vessels, and shorten the delay in departures under both regular and emergent vessel arrivals. In conclusion, the proposed models may provide valuable assistance to decision-makers in marine container terminals on determining optimal berth allocation under daily and emergency vessel arrivals. Future research considers quay crane assignment and scheduling problems.

scholarly journals SIMULASI WAKTU TUNGGU MAHASISWA DAN DOSEN DI LAYANAN AKADEMIK UNIVERSITAS BUNDA MULIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Santosa Sudirga
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operation Performance ◽  
Service Operation ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time In Service

<p>The Management of Academic Service continues to be a major challenge for many college, high school and college organizations in providing better services with fewer resources. The allocation of service staffs and response-time in service involve many challenging issues, because the mean and variance of the response-time in service can be increased dramatically with the intensity of heavy traffic. This study discusses how to use simulation models to improve response time in service operation. Performance at the Academic Service as a whole can be considered very good and is still idle due to utilization of Academic Service, which is still equal to an average of 17%, or it can be said that the workload is not too excessive and deemed to be able to serve the students and lecturers. The performance of Academic Sevice University Bunda Mulia can be considered excellent in terms of operations management, as indicated by the average waiting time, which is very short at only 9.10 seconds.<br />Keywords: Queueing System, Waiting Time, and Simulation</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of queue change of visitors and performace system in the Department of Population and Civil Regristation of Semarang City

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 15005
Author(s):  
Sugito ◽  
Alan Prahutama ◽  
Dwi Ispriyanti ◽  
Mustafid
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Queuing Systems ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Period

The Population and Civil Registry Office in Semarang city is one of the public service units. In the public service sector, visitor / customer satisfaction is very important. It can be identified by the length of the queue, the longer visitors queue this results in visitor dissatisfaction with the service. Queue analysis is one of the methods in statistics to determine the distribution of queuing systems that occur within a system. In this study, a queuing analysis as divided into two periods. The first period lasts from 2-13 March 2015, while the second period lasts November 16th to December 20th 2019. The variables used are the number of visitors and the service time at each counter in intervals of 30 minutes. The results obtained are changes in the distribution and queuing model that is at counter 5/6 and counter 10. The queuing model obtained at the second perideo for the number of visitors and the time of service with a General distribution. The average number of visitors who come in 30 minute intervals in the second period is more than the first period, this indicates an increase in visitors. The opportunity for service units is still small, the waiting time in the queue is getting smaller. This shows that the performance of the queuing system at the Semarang Population and Civil Registry Office is getting better.

scholarly journals IMPACT EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) IN BHOPAL DUE TO INCREASE IN NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
Niranjan Mudliar ◽  
Paramjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The City

India has been progressing steadily since last two decades in terms of affordability of commodity and purchasing power of the common man. This has given rise to demand which leads to the continuous economic growth. Of course, support from the Government of India as well as various state Governments has come in the form of reforms and infrastructure funding. However this growth has also seen the disadvantage of erratic consumption by wealthy persons as compared to the economically weaker sections, for example on one side there is heavy demand of passenger cars by the higher income group who uses it sparingly but on the other side people of the lower income group who are more in numbers have to rely on public transport. This imbalance creates a wider gap between public affordability to consume a particular commodity like passenger cars. On one side there are persons who buy the latest model introduced by the manufacturer in spite of having sufficient numbers at their disposal and on the other side basic lowest level model are out of reach of some persons in the society, who rely on two-wheeler or public transport which is not reliable. This has not only created a huge gap in public expenditure but has also impact the environment. With year on year increase in number of vehicles in tier 2 cities like Bhopal, there is tremendous influence on the carbon dioxide (CO2) in and around the city. Past decade saw increase in maximum temperatures during summer rise by 3 – 4 degrees above normal in Bhopal and there is clear effect on the monsoon pattern too which has become inconsistent with rains reaching 120 mm in three days. Earlier this quantity was spread over a month. The last major season of winter is seen getting reduced to two months only from the earlier four, again with temperatures dropping suddenly below normal etc. This effect must be the result of increasing number of passenger vehicles in the city apart from other factors which also need detailed study for their influence.

On the waiting time distribution in a generalized queueing system with uniformly bounded sojourn times

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Loris-Teghem
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Queueing System ◽  
Waiting Time Distribution ◽  
Stieltjes Transform ◽  
Sojourn Times ◽  
Stieltjes Transforms ◽  
Uniformly Bounded

A generalized queueing system with (N + 2) types of triplets (delay, service time, probability of joining the queue) and with uniformly bounded sojourn times is considered. An expression for the generating function of the Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of the waiting time distributions is derived analytically, in a case where some of the random variables defining the model have a rational Laplace-Stieltjes transform.The standard Kl/Km/1 queueing system with uniformly bounded sojourn times is considered in particular.

Motion Trajectory Simulation and Measurement of the 5000V Electromagnetic Repulsion Mechanism (ERM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 546-547 ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Jin Wu ◽  
Jin Wu Zhuang ◽  
Yong Hua Zhuang ◽  
Jun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
Linear Displacement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
Trajectory Simulation ◽  
Piezoelectric Acceleration

Successful applications of the ERM depend on accurate simulation models. Firstly, we built up a model on the 5000 volts ERM with ansoft. Then we measured motion trajectories of the ERM prototype respectively by means of a piezoelectric acceleration transducer, a magnetic grating displacement transducer and a linear displacement sensor. Based on the comparative analysis of the results from simulation and measurement, we concluded that the simulation model was reliable on one hand, and on the other hand by means of a linear displacement sensor along with a magnetic grating counterpart, we could obtain accurate motion trajectories with a relative error less than 5%.

Assessment and design of real world driving cycles targeted to the calibration of vehicles with electrified powertrain

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110387
Author(s):  
Stylianos Doulgeris ◽  
Zisimos Toumasatos ◽  
Maria Vittoria Prati ◽  
Carlo Beatrice ◽  
Zissis Samaras
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
The Impact

Vehicles’ powertrain electrification is one of the key measures adopted by manufacturers in order to develop low emissions vehicles and reduce the CO2 emissions from passenger cars. High complexity of electrified powertrains increases the demand of cost-effective tools that can be used during the design of such powertrain architectures. Objective of the study is the proposal of a series of real-world velocity profiles that can be used during virtual design. To that aim, using three state of the art plug-in hybrid vehicles, a combined experimental, and simulation approach is followed to derive generic real-world cycles that can be used for the evaluation of the overall energy efficiency of electrified powertrains. The vehicles were tested under standard real driving emissions routes, real-world routes with reversed order (compared to a standard real driving emissions route) of urban, rural, motorway, and routes with high slope variation. To enhance the experimental activities, additional virtual mission profiles simulated using vehicle simulation models. Outcome of the study consists of specific driving cycles, designed based on standard real-world route, and a methodology for real-world data analysis and evaluation, along with the results from the assessment of the impact of different operational parameters on the total electrified powertrain.

Optimizing Solution for Storage Space Allocation Problem in Container Terminal Using Genetic Algorithm

2016 ◽  
pp. 159-184
Author(s):  
Gamal Abd El-Nasser A. Said ◽  
El-Sayed M. El-Horbaty
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Allocation Problem ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Storage Space Allocation ◽  
Np Hard Problem

Seaport container terminals are essential nodes in sea cargo transportation networks. In container terminal, one of the most important performance measures in container terminals is the service time. Storage space allocation operations contribute to minimizing the vessel service time. Storage space allocation problem at container terminals is a combinatorial optimization NP-hard problem. This chapter proposes a methodology based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the solution for storage space allocation problem. A new mathematical model that reflects reality and takes into account the workload balance among different types of storage blocks to avoid bottlenecks in container yard operations is proposed. Also the travelling distance between vessels berthing positions and storage blocks at container yard is considered in this research. The proposed methodology is applied on a real case study data of container terminal in Egypt. The computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

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