STUDIES ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ROSA INDICA L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Gandhi maniyan ◽  
Ranjith C
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Vibrio Cholera ◽  
Gram Negative

Medicinal plants are extensively used in traditional medicine to cure various infectious diseases in human. Plant based natural constituents can be derived from any part of the plant like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. Medicinal plants are commonly used in the cure of diseases since times immemorial. In the present study methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Rosa indica L. leaf were subjected for antimicrobial activity by well-diffusion method in the case of evaluate the antibacterial activity of Petroleum ether extract of Rosa indica L.extract against gram-positive cultures include B. cereus, B. subtilis. Gram-negative cultures include Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia. The maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (Zone of inhibition in mm 14.2), B. subtilis (zone of inhibition 13.1) and athanolic the lowest activity against Vibrio cholera (Zone of inhibition 12.6), Klebsiella pneumonia (Zone of inhibition 12.3). The gram positive bacteria more susceptible than the gram negative bacteria. The phytochemical characteristics of Rosa indica L. plants tested were summarized in the, it could be seen that, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosids, Flavonoids, Saponins (Foam test) Amino acids , Terpenoids, Phenols and Tannins were present in Rose indica plant extract.

scholarly journals In-vitro analysis of potential antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1497-1500
Author(s):  
Vandana Gupta ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Deepika Chaudhary ◽  
Nirmal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study was aimed to examine and compare the antibacterial activity of hot methanolic extract of medicinal plants viz. Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Syzygium cumini (L.) (jamun), Psidium guajava (L.) (guava). Antibacterial activity was carried by using agar well diffusion method, against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Results indicated that all the three plant extracts possess antibacterial property against Gram-positive bacteria and no activity was found against Gram-negative bacteria. Moderate zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was exhibited by S. cumini (L.) (11mm and 12mm) and P. guajava (L.) (10mm and 11mm) and weak zone of inhibition was exhibited by P. oleracea (5 mm and 6mm). In conclusion, S. cumini (L.) and P. guajava (L.) possess bettercapabilities of being a good candidate in search for natural antibacterial agent against infections and diseases causing Gram-positive bacteria as compared to P. oleracea.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL CAPACITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GCMS OF ALLIUM CEPA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dushyant Sharma ◽  
Reena Rani ◽  
Monika Chaturvedi ◽  
J. P. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Objective: Plants offer a novel source for the isolation of a wide variety of medicinal agents. Allium cepa commonly known as onion is very well known medicinal plants and we investigated the antibacterial activity of different extracts and their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: The extracts of A. cepa prepared in six different solvents was analyzed for antibacterial activity against nine American type cell culture (ATCC) reference bacterial strains i.e. Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the agar well diffusion method. GCMS analysis also has been carried out for their phytochemical analysis.Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition range from 10±0.76 to 26±0.76 mm for different extracts. The methanol extract was found most potent against K. pneumonia and S. marcescens with the zone of inhibition of 26±0.76 mm for both strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 1.87 to 7.5 mg/ml and the MIC values for K. pneumonia and S. marcescens was 1.87 mg/ml. A total of 43 compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. Out of them dodecanoic acid was found common in all extracts.Conclusion: It is concluded that Allium cepa have good antibacterial activity so it can be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity assessment of petroleum ether and methanolic extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn (Amaranthaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Preeti Mishra ◽  
Anita Sha ◽  
Poulami Bhakat ◽  
Sudipta Mondal ◽  
Animesh Kumar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Achyranthus aspera is a common weed and known for various medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of different concentrations of methanolic and petroleum-ether leaf extracts of A. aspera against three gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mitis) and six gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A (MTCC-3220), Shigella flexneri). The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract of the herb indicated the presence of flavonoides, tannins, saponins, polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids and glycosides. The methanolic extract at the highest concentration of 10 mg/ml showed prominent antibacterial activity in two gram-negative bacteria, i.e. K. pneumoniae and E. coli with 22 mm zone of inhibition and one gram-positive bacterium i.e. M. luteus with 19 mm zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract at 0.0781mg/ml concentration showed least antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria produced a zone of inhibition between 10 to 12 mm while petroleum ether extract of same concentration had moderate antibacterial activity against S. flexneri (15 mm zone of inhibition). It can be concluded that novel compounds like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloid, and polyphenolic compounds in A. aspera leaves have potent antimicrobial property.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS OF MOCHARAS (GUM OF BOMBAX MALABARICUM) AGAINST CERTAIN BACTERIAL STRAINS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (09) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Akhtar Sada ◽  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
Mohd Zakir Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Mocharas is the gum of the tree Bombax malabaricum DC which belongs to the family Bombaceae. In Unani system of medicine, it is used in the treatment of various infectious diseases. In the present study, various extracts of Mocharas (B. malabaricum) were tested for their antibacterial activity against some gram positive (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium xerosis and Bacillus cereus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) bacterial strains using Agar Well method and Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. The potency of the extracts to microorganisms was compared with the standard drug, Ciprofloxacin (SD060) 5µg/disk for gram positive bacterial strains and Gentamicin (SD016) 10µg/disk for gram negative bacterial strains. Results were interpreted on the basis of Zone of Inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts showed significant antibacterial activity than aqueous extract.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of Calpurnia aurea and Ocimum lamiifolium extracts against selected gram positive and gram-negative bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Addis Melese ◽  
Beyene Dobo ◽  
Abriham Mikru
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Crude Extracts

Indigenous knowledge, literature reports and ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the basis for medicines. This study was designed to examine in-vitro antibacterial activity of Calpurnia aurea (leaf, bark) and Ocimum lamiifolium (leaf, flower) collected from Wonsho and Shebedino districts of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia, with different solvents against three Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria in 2018. The leaf and bark of Calpurnia aurea and leaf and flower of Ocimum lamiifolium were dried, powdered and extracted with 80% acetone, ethanol, methanol and distilled water. Disc diffusion method was used for the antibacterial assay and measuring the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by broth macrodilution method. The highest percentage yield of crude bioactive agents, i.e., 36.9% was obtained from Ocimum lamiifolium leaf with methanol as a solvent, while the lowest yield 12.6% was obtained from Calpurnia aurea bark with acetone extract. All crude extracts from the different plant parts showed antibacterial activity. Accordingly, Calpurnia aurea bark with methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity 22.64±0.95 (mm) against S. aureus which was comparable to standard antibiotic disc Ciprofloxacin with inhibition zone of 24.00 ±0.19 (mm), while the lowest inhibition of 6.12±0.41 (mm) was recorded from Ocimum lamiifolium flower with water crude extract against P. aeruginosa. The MIC of 3.13mg/ml was observed from methanol crude extract of bark of Calpurina aurea on S. aurea. Crude bark extract of Methanol showed the highest antibacterial activity. The studies revealed that antibacterial activity of the crude extracts from the different parts of the plant were variable when extracted by different solvents, however, possesses good antimicrobial activity which support the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of bacterial infections under study. Finally, to support the traditional users, scientific verification on phytochemical analysis and toxicity test should be carried out to confirm users’ safety.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Flavonoids Content of Artemisia cina Berg. ex Poljakov Ethyl Acetate Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Sri Kasmiyati ◽  
Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani ◽  
Maria Marina Herawati ◽  
Andreas Binar Aji Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Significant Difference

The medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds have a potential for many biological activities, including antimicrobial activity. Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant from the Compositae family with the potential of having antitumor, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and the flavonoid content of A. Cina’s ethyl acetate extract. Plants samples were extracted by ethyl acetate maceration method. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) by a disk diffusion method using 25, 50, and 100 mg/l extract concentrations. The flavonoid contents (quercetin and kaempferol) were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The extracts of diploid and polyploid A. cina displayed some antibacterial activity, with the Gram-negative bacteria being more resistant than the Gram-positive counterpart. However, no significant difference was observed between the diploid and polyploid extracts. As for the flavonoid content, the highest quercetin content (0.5501 mg/ml) was found in the polyploid A. cina (J), while the highest kaempferol content (0.5818 mg/ml) was observed in the diploid A. cina (KJT). Although A. cina is widely grown in Indonesia, compared to other Artemisia species, A. cina has not been widely studied, especially its antibacterial  potential and in related to its flavonoid content and the use of ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent.  This study reveals the potential of A. cina as a natural antibacterial agent. 

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Psidium guajava Linn Leaf Extractsfrom Selangor Region Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
S Zuhaira ◽  
Noorhaniz Mohd Nizam ◽  
PM Ridzuan
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Freeze Dried

Antibiotic is a type of medication that helps in fighting bacterial infection. Treating bacterial infections in clinical setting become more complicated and costly due to drug resistance. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial potential of Psidium guajava Linn leaf extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. P. guajava Linn leaf was obtained from Research Orchards at University Putra Malaysia (UPM). Leaves were extracted using three types of extracts; hot, cold and methanol extract. Freeze dried was used in this study and temperature was set at -104°C for 24 hours. Antibacterial testing was determined using disc diffusion and well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the inhibitory zone of the tested bacteria. Phytochemical analysis was conducted by adding few drop of diluted NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) solution to detect the active flavanoid from leaves extract. Antimicrobial activity showed all extracts were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Phytochemical analysis of P. guajava Linn leaf extracts showed the methanol extract indicating the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. Results showed that P. guajava Linn leaf was effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and pythochemical analysis also exhibited a few active compounds that were determined. P. guajava Linn leaf had potential natural product that may be used for further analysis in the future research.

scholarly journals Investigating In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants Having Folkloric Repute in Ethiopian Traditional Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1988627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
Negussie Bussa ◽  
Tigist Gashaw ◽  
Getnet Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slow Development

Medicinal plants are targeted in the search for new antimicrobial agents. Nowadays, there is an alarmingly increasing antimicrobial resistance to available agents with a very slow development of new antimicrobials. It is, therefore, necessary to extensively search for new agents based on the traditional use of herbal medicines as potential source. The antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of Verbena officinalis (Vo-80ME), Myrtus communis (Mc-80ME), and Melilotus elegans (Me-80ME) was tested against 6 bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion technique. In each extract, 3 concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/well were tested for each bacterium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. Vo-80ME and Mc-80ME exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the highest zone of inhibition being 18.67 and 26.16 mm, respectively at concentration of 40 mg/well. Regarding gram-negative bacteria, Vo-80ME exhibited an appreciable activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Mc-80ME displayed remarkable activity against all isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the maximum zone of inhibition being 22.83 mm. Me-80ME exhibited better antibacterial activity against E coli, but its secondary metabolites had little or no activity against other gram-negative isolates. The MIC values of Vo-80ME ranged from 0.16 to 4.00 mg/mL. The lowest MIC was observed in Mc-80ME, with the value being 0.032 mg/mL. Mc-80ME had bactericidal activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Mc-80ME showed remarkable zone of inhibitions in all tested bacterial isolates. Besides, Vo-80ME showed good antibacterial activity against S aureus, E coli, and S typhi. Conversely, Me-80ME has shown good activity against E coli only. Generally, M communis L and V officinalis have good MIC and MBC results.

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