scholarly journals Evaluation Of Cruiser Traffic Variables In Seaports Of The Republic Of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (6s) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Maja Račić ◽  
◽  
Katarina Balić ◽  
Mira Pavlinović ◽  
Antonija Mišura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constant Growth

The paper analyses the data on ship and passenger availability in the busiest ports in the Republic of Croatia. In order to evaluate the variables related to cruiser traffic in seaports in the period from 2015 to 2023 in the Republic of Croatia, it was first necessary to determine the following most important variables of the proposed model: the port of Dubrovnik, the port of Split, the port of Zadar, the port of Rijeka and the port of Šibenik. The trends in passenger traffic from 2015 to 2023 for the five most important cruise ports in the Republic of Croatia were investigated. The values of the selected model variables were quantified on an index scale from zero to 100. This form of tourism is becoming more and more present on the international tourist market, offering numerous favourable opportunities, especially in the Mediterranean area. Due to its geo-traffic position, mild climate and rugged coastline, the Republic of Croatia is one of the most desirable cruising destinations in the world. The aim of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the cruise traffic variables of the busiest ports in the Republic of Croatia and to compare the observed ports with the port of Barcelona, as one of the most important ports for cruise ships in the Mediterranean. The conducted research indicates the constant growth of this form of tourism in the Republic of Croatia with the obligation to implement well-thought-out policies and strategies in order to achieve long-term sustainability.

Coastal climatology of the North-Western Mediterranean area for long-term and short-term risk assessment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Brandini ◽  
Stefano Taddei ◽  
Valentina Vannucchi ◽  
Michele Bendoni ◽  
Bartolomeo Doronzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
North Western

<p>In this work we present the results obtained through a dynamic downscaling of the ERA5 reanalysis dataset (hindcast) of ECMWF, using high-resolution meteorological and wave models defined on unstructured computation grids along the Mediterranean coasts, with a particular focus on the North-Western Mediterranean area. Downscaling of the ERA5 meteorological data is obtained through the BOLAM and MOLOCH models (up to a resolution of 2.5 km) which force an unstructured WW3 model with a resolution of up to 500 m along the coast. Models were validated through available meteorological stations, wave buoy data and X-band wave radars, the latter for the purposes of wave spectra validation.</p><p>On the one hand, this allowed, by extracting the time series of some attack parameters of the waves along the coast, and according to the type of coast (rocky coasts, sandy coasts, coastal structures etc.), to compute the return periods and to characterize the impact of any individual storm. On the other hand, it is possible to highlight some trends observed in the last 30 years, during which recent research is showing an increasing evidence  of some changes in global circulation at regional to local scales. These changes also include effects of wind rotation, wave regimes, storm surges, wave-induced coastal currents and coastal morphodynamics. For example, in the North-Western Mediterranean extreme events belonging to cyclonic weather-types circulation with stronger S-SE components (like the storm of October 28-30th 2018 and many others), rather than events associated with perturbations of Atlantic origin and zonal circulation, are becoming more frequent. These long-term wind/wave climate trends can have consequences not only in the assessment of long-term risk due to main morphodynamic variations (ie. coastal erosion), but also in the short-term risk assessment.</p><p>This work was funded by the EU MAREGOT project (2017-2020) and ECMWF Special Project spitbran  “Evaluation of coastal climate trends in the Mediterranean area by means of high-resolution and multi-model downscaling of ERA5 reanalysis” (2018-2020).</p>

scholarly journals Training Systems and Sustainable Orchard Management for European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the Mediterranean Area: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Stefano Musacchi ◽  
Ignasi Iglesias ◽  
Davide Neri
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Training System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Planting Distance

In 2018, 23.2 Mt of pears were produced in the world across 1.3 million hectares (ha) of cultivated land. This review analyzes different training systems and management styles that have been adopted worldwide, emphasizing the European pear’s economic and environmental sustainability for the Mediterranean area of cultivation. Despite a reduced number of cultivars utilized around the world, pear presents a plethora of innovative training systems. In Europe, dwarfing rootstocks have led to reduced planting distances and a subsequent increase in planting density. Still, the economic sustainability of these systems is now questionable. Many of the quince rootstocks have made it possible to considerably reduce the size of the tree and introduce the concept of continuous row planting, with the management of orchards from the ground (i.e., pedestrian orchard). The planting distance must be chosen according to the soil fertility, the vigor of the grafting combination, and the training system. The planting distance dramatically affects the pruning and the management of soil, fertilization, and irrigation. The reduction of tree size also lowers the volume of spray necessary when applying pesticides. The variability in yield worldwide results from the interaction amongst cultivar/rootstock/training system/climate/management.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Adequacy Index in Young People in Syria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Malda Atasi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Syrian Population ◽  
The Mediterranean

Objective: To assess, the degree of adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) in Syrian young people, and studying the effect of some variables on Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) value and its comparison with other studies in Spain and Mediterranean area. Background: It has been observed that the Syrian population, especially the young ones, are abandoning the (MD), which affects in long term their health, the same has been observed in Spanish youth. The longitudinal study of the "seven counties" involved active rural population in Italy, was firstly demonstrated the progressively abandoning of MD. Methods: The sample under the study was 204 young people (41.7% men and 58.3% women) in the area of Damascus (65% were students). They filled in a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, then the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) was computed by dividing the sum in gram of typical Mediterranean food Groups (Cereals, Legumes, Fruits, Fish), by the sum in gram of non-typical Mediterranean food groups (Meats, Eggs, Cookies and cakes, dairy). It was used the SPSS program to study the correlation between the variables and MAI of the sample. Results: The average MAI of the young sample was (1.17) which is lower than another study in Spanish young people and much lower than 7.2 in Italy several decades ago. Those results demonstrated that the young Syrian are abandoning the Mediterranean Diet as well as the Spanish young people. The caloric profile has changed over time that results in lower consumption of carbohydrates and higher consumption of protein and lipids, similar to almost Mediterranean area. Moreover the war has an impact on the type of food consumed which affect MAI. The lipid profile (measured by the cocient of intake of Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) divided by Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) of the sample was 3.71 better than other studies in Spain 1,69, 1,71 (the recommended value should be > 2). This illustrates a moderate consumption of olive and vegetable oil, but poor consumption of meat and eggs in contrast of Spanish diet.

“Our Dreams Are Not Different from Yours”

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
Marta Bellingreri
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
European Youth

Migration and revolution in the Mediterranean area are inextricably connected. In this paper, I bring the stories of young Tunisian and Syrian revolutionaries of the 2008 and 2011 uprisings who were later forced into displacement and migration and who—both in their countries of origin and at European borders—demand freedom from their regimes’ oppression and freedom of movement. As European youth can mostly move freely in the world, Arab youth share the dream of doing the same. Both local tyrannies and their international allies, as well as unjust socioeconomic and migration policies, prevent these young people from living in dignity, from choosing where they live, and from being actors of change. The letters they share and the movement they found address an international audience and it to listen to their demands.

Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Linum campanulatum (Linaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bartolucci ◽  
DUILIO IAMONICO ◽  
ROBERT P. WAGENSOMMER
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

The genus Linum Linnaeus (1753: 277) consists of about 200 species distributed in temperate and tropical regions of the world. The Mediterranean area can be considered one of the centers of diversity of this genus (Greuter et al. 1989, Yilmaz et al. 2003, Yilmaz & Kaynak 2008, 2010, Tugay et al. 2010, Peruzzi 2011, Ruiz-Martin et al. 2015).

scholarly journals Long term precipitation trends and variability within the Mediterranean region

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3235-3250 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Philandras ◽  
P. T. Nastos ◽  
J. Kapsomenakis ◽  
K. C. Douvis ◽  
G. Tselioudis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Rain Season ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. In this study, the trends and variability of annual precipitation totals and annual rain days over land within the Mediterranean region are analyzed. Long term ground-based observations concerning, on one hand, monthly precipitation totals (1900–2010) and rain days (1965–2010) from 40 meteorological stations within the Mediterranean region were obtained from the Hellenic National Meteorological Service and the World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) of the World Meteorological Organization. On the other hand, high spatial resolution (0.5° × 0.5°) gridded monthly data CRU TS 3.1 were acquired from the Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, for the period 1901–2009. The two datasets were compared by means of trends and variability, while the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Mediterranean precipitation was examined. In the process, the climatic changes in the precipitation regime between the period 1961–1990 (reference period) and the period 2071–2100 (future climate) were presented using climate model simulations (RACMO2.1/KNMI). The future climate projections were based on SRES A1B. The findings of the analysis showed that statistically significant (95% confidence level) negative trends of the annual precipitation totals exist in the majority of Mediterranean regions during the period 1901–2009, with an exception of northern Africa, southern Italy and western Iberian peninsula, where slight positive trends (not statistically significant at 95% CL) appear. Concerning the annual number of rain days, a pronounced decrease of 20 %, statistically significant (95% confidence level), appears in representative meteorological stations of east Mediterranean, while the trends are insignificant for west and central Mediterranean. Additionally, NAO index was found to be anticorrelated with the precipitation totals and the number of rain days mainly in Spain, southern France, Italy and Greece. These correlations are higher within the rain season (October–March) than the entire year. Based on the results of regional climate model RACMO2.1/KNMI, precipitation is very likely to decrease almost 20% in the period 2071–2100 compared to 1961–1990, under SRES A1B.

Tony goes out into the world: The official travels abroad of the President of Czechoslovakia, Antonín Novotný (1953–68)

2021 ◽  
pp. 002252662110314
Author(s):  
Pavel Mücke
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Soviet Leader ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Cold War Era ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cold War

The long-term First Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party and later also President of the Republic, Antonín Novotný (1904–75), was popularly known as “Nice Tony”. As a communist politician and statesman, Novotný was well known as a great disciple and follower of Soviet leader Nikita S. Khrushchev, famous for his personal and very contact-oriented diplomacy. The main contours of several of Novotný's official visits have already been analysed from political and diplomatic history perspectives. Based on archival research and available memoirs, this article tries to reconstruct the still non-visible and unknown view of transport history and, consequently, traveling and tourism history. It outlines the general contours and several aspects of V.I.P. communists’ international travels on the cases of several trips abroad which took place during the 1950s and 1960s of the Cold War era.

scholarly journals Challenges of health care systems and health cooperatives in international and national context

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-243
Author(s):  
Milorad Stamenovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
National Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

This paper presents different models of health systems in the world as well as selected important challenges that they face. Also, the paper presents historical and modern concepts of development of health cooperatives in selected countries, including the Republic of Serbia. Observing the long-term sustainability of different models of health systems, certain weaknesses are pointed out, but also the significant role of health cooperatives in these systems over time, both in the international and national context. A view of the work of health cooperatives during the COVID-19 pandemic in selected countries is presented with examples of innovations in organizational terms that health cooperatives have applied in order to increase efficiency and to respond to business and health challenges posed by the pandemic. A potential answer to the presented weaknesses of health systems is to consider establishing and strengthening health cooperatives, having in mind their role in those systems throughout history, with special reference to the Republic of Serbia where health cooperatives were founded during the 19th century. However, although Serbian health cooperatives were a model for the development of health cooperatives in the world, since 1949 health cooperatives in Serbia are almost non-existent. Following the genesis of the development of these organizations and their modern role in societies around the world, the conclusions indicate the flexibility and resilience of health cooperatives to adapt to new socio-economic conditions, innovation of these organizations shown over time, importance and contribution to societies during their history and during the emerging pandemic. Also, the need for a change in public policies is pointed out, which would enable the establishment of a larger number of health cooperatives in the Republic of Serbia in response to the growing challenges of the health system, following the example of the world.

scholarly journals Possibility of Using Wind and Solar Sources for Electric Power Generation on Serbian Opencast Coal Mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Natalija Pavlovic ◽  
Dragan Ignjatovic ◽  
Tomislav Subaranovic
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
The World ◽  
Opencast Mines ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Significant Opportunity ◽  
Opencast Coal Mines

The rapid technology advancement and the significant decline of investment costs in wind and solar energy generation have opened up a significant opportunity to build these facilities on closed opencast mines or mines in the phase of closure around the world, where large available areas are almost ideal for such projects. In that sense, it is necessary to give an analysis of the possible application of wind and/or solar energy production in the Republic of Serbia’s mines, as well as the dynamics of such a generally ambitious and long-term project with conceptual solutions.

scholarly journals IMPERATOR CONTRA PRAEDONES UWAGI O „NIEKONSTYTUCYJNOŚCI” LEX GABINIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Anna Tarwacka
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Imperator contra praedones Some Remarks on the Illegality of the lex GabiniaSummaryIn 67 BC Aulus Gabinius, a tribunus plebis, proposed a law appointing an imperator to deal with the pirates of the Mediterranean area. The law was passed as lex Gabinia de uno imperatore contra praedones constituendo and the senate was asked to choose the right candidate. The only possible choice was Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, the most talented and famous general of the time. The senators opposed so violently that Gabinius was almost killed. Thus, another assembly was called which appointed Pompey to the task. His campaign against the pirates was amazingly fast and successful.There are several reasons for treating this case as a deviation from the republican constitution. Firstly, the imperium was given for a period of three years which was unusually long time for an extraordinary command. Secondly, the general was given power on the whole Mediterranean area, equal to this of the provincial governors. Thirdly, he could choose his own legati which was a case unknown to the republican system. Moreover, it was the first time when an extraordinary command was given by the concilia plebis regardless the senatorial opposition.The case of lex Gabinia was one of Pompey’s numerous victories over the republic. Notwithstanding, he managed to persuade everyone to picture himself as a hero and defender o f the republic.

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