scholarly journals Ecological situation: the role of education and spirituality in improving health of population

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Nilufar K. Komilova ◽  
Tura Rakhimova ◽  
Rustamjon Kh. Allaberdiev ◽  
Gulnara S. Mirzaeva ◽  
Umriniso T. Egamberdiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Demographic Development

Human health is one of the most important issues for every period of society’s development. After all, the state of development of any country is determined by the level of health and literacy of the population living in the region. The article highlights the ecological situation, the role of knowledge and spirituality in strengthening the health of the population in Uzbekistan, the achievements of medicine, ecology, socio-demographic development in the country during the years of independence data on the reduction of infant and maternal mortality in the age group of the population are also presented. It is known that in more than a quarter of a century (1991-2019), the total mortality rate in the country's population decreased by 1.2% or decreased from 6.2 per thousand to 4.9 per thousand. However, there are still areas with high mortality rates (in Tashkent, Tashkent, and Andijan regions), which can be explained by their location at the transport hub and industrialization. The study and analysis of their regional aspects are some of the important aspects of geographical research. The article also focuses on the issues related to climate change and their impact on the nosoecological situation.

Impact of ischemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation on survival after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Tetri ◽  
Liisa Mäntymäki ◽  
Seppo Juvela ◽  
Pertti Saloheimo ◽  
Juhani Pyhtinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Object The well-known predictors for increased early deaths after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) include the clinical and radiological severity of bleeding as well as being on a warfarin regimen at the onset of stroke. Ischemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation may also increase early deaths. In the present study the authors aimed to elucidate the role of the last 2 factors. Methods The authors assessed the 3-month mortality rate in patients with spontaneous ICH (453 individuals) who were admitted to the stroke unit of Oulu University Hospital within a period of 11 years (1993–2004). Results The 3-month mortality rate for the 453 patients was 28%. The corresponding mortality rates were 42% for the patients who had ischemic heart disease and 61% for those with atrial fibrillation on admission. The following independent predictors of death emerged after adjustment for sex and the use of warfarin or aspirin at the onset of ICH: 1) ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.48, p < 0.02); 2) atrial fibrillation on admission (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.12–2.86, p < 0.02); 3) the Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission (HR 0.82 per unit, 95% CI 0.79–0.87, p < 0.01); 4) size of hematoma (HR 1.11 per 10 ml, 95% CI 1.07–1.16, p < 0.01); 5) intraventricular hemorrhage (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.71–4.02, p < 0.01); 6) age (HR 1.04 per year, 95% CI 1.02–1.06, p < 0.01); and 7) infratentorial location of the hematoma (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.26–2.97, p < 0.01). Conclusions Both ischemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation independently and significantly impaired the 3-month survival of patients with ICH.

Estimations of Ocean Mortality Rates for Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus)

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Factor C

A conceptual model representing natural marine mortality rates of Pacific salmon is developed. Ocean mortality rate (q) is taken as the base to which coastal mortality rates of juveniles (c) and of adults (k) are additive factors. The effect of marking is taken as a multiplicative factor (m) of the instantaneous rate (i) where i = q + c + k. Together with time these values are incorporated into the balanced equation[Formula: see text]where N0 denotes the population entering the sea and R1, R2, R3 denote the returns at succeeding times of maturity. The locus of c + k = f(q) is used to graphically depict all possible combinations of c + k and q within the limits [q, c + k = 0]. Intersections of loci are taken as estimates of values of q and c + k which satisfy two sets of data. Available data for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) from Cultus Lake, Chilko Lake and Hooknose Creek, British Columbia, Karluk River and Bare Lake, Alaska, and Dalnee River, Kamchatka, pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) from Hooknose Creek, chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) from the coast of Southeast Alaska and coho (O. kisutch) from the Eel River, California, are utilized. It is concluded that ocean mortality is relatively constant, of the order of magnitude q = 0. 32 or S = 73% annually. A juvenile coastal mortality factor (c) apparently exists and is characteristic of the species and race through the media of size of migrants, time spent in the costal area, and geography. An adult coastal factor (k) may exist but is of negligible influence on the total mortality rate. While the data utilized collectively may be considered as extensive, serious defects in sampling errors and undefined variability were encountered. It is doubted that mortality rates can be more accurately defined from any repetition of experiments used, hence a more direct approach is indicated for solution of this problem.

scholarly journals Gambaran kematian maternal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado 1 Januari 2013 – 31 Desember 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustika S. Lumbanraja ◽  
Hermie M.M. Tendean ◽  
Maria Loho
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract: Maternal death is the death of a pregnant woman or death within 42 days after the termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the length and location of the pregnancy, caused by anything related to pregnancy, or aggravated by the pregnancy or its handling, but not the death caused by accident or accidentally. Maternal mortality is one of the indicators to evaluate the progress of the health of a country, especially those related to maternal and child health issues. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of maternal death. This was a descriptive retrospective study using data of the Medical Record Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015. In this study, there were 41 cases of maternal deaths. In 2013 and 2014, the highest death rate was in the age group >35 years, while in 2015 in the age group 20-25 years. Based on the number of parity, the highest mortality rates in the number of parity 2-3 in 2013 and 2014, while in 2015 the number of parity ≤1. The highest mortality rate by level of education was high school educated. Based on employment status, the highest mortality rate was in the group of working mother. The highest death toll was based on marital status in the group who are married. Based on the status of the referral highest mortality rate was in status is not a referral. This study found that the highest cause of maternal mortality is three consecutive years eclampsia, sepsis, eclampsia. Conclusion: Of 41 cases of maternal deaths in the Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado for 3 years, the most cause of death was due to eclampsia/pre-eclampsia which was 4-7 cases each year. Maternal mortality rate per 100000 live births yearly in sequence were 373, 427, 789.Keywords: maternal death Abstrak: Kematian maternal adalah kematian wanita yang terjadi saat hamil atau dalam 42 hari setelah berakhirnya kehamilan, tidak tergantung dari lama dan lokasi kehamilan, disebabkan oleh apapun yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan, atau yang diperberat oleh kehamilan tersebut atau penanganannya, tetapi bukan kematian yang disebabkan oleh kecelakaan atau kebetulan. Kematian maternal merupakan salah satu indikator untuk melihat kemajuan kesehatan suatu negara, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan masalah kesehatan ibu dan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kematian maternal. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan rekam medik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 1 Januari 2013-31 Desember 2015. Pada penelitian ini, ditemukan 42 kasus kematian maternal. Pada tahun 2013 dan 2014 angka kematian tertinggi di kelompok usia >35 tahun, sedangkan tahun 2015 ditemukan di kelompok usia 20-25 tahun. Berdasarkan jumlah paritas, angka kematian tertinggi pada jumlah paritas 2-3 di tahun 2013 dan 2014, sedangkan untuk tahun 2015 pada jumlah paritas ≤1. Angka kematian tertinggi berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan ialah SMA. Berdasarkan status pekerjaan, angka kematian tertinggi berada pada kelompok ibu yang bekerja. Angka kematian tertinggi berdasarkan status pernikahan berada pada kelompok yang sudah menikah. Berdasarkan status rujukan angka kematian yang tertinggi ialah pada status bukan rujukan. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan penyebab kematian ibu yang tertinggi 3 tahun berurutan ialah pre-eklampsia/eklampsia, infeksi, pre-eklampsia/eklampsia. Simpulan: Jumlah kematian maternal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama 3 tahun yaitu sebanyak 41 kasus. Penyebab kematian terbanyak disebabkan oleh eklampsia/pre-eklampsia yaitu 4-7 kasus per tahun. Angka kematian ibu per 100000 kelahiran hidup per tahun berurutan ialah 373, 427, 789. Kata kunci: kematian maternal

scholarly journals Assessment of Men's Role on Mother Care when Pregnant, Birth and Breastfeeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1126-1134
Author(s):  
Mariana Ngundju Awang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Male Participation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Role Of Men

Background: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in East Sumba is one of the highest in the province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) for the past five years (2011-2015). Maternal mortality in East Sumba District is 76.7% occurred during childbirth and 23.3% during pregnancy. The Sumba tribe is based on patriaki culture which prioritizes men as the masters. Male participation is very small, but their control of women in deciding for women to use contraceptives or not very dominant. Methods: The type of research used was qualitative research by means of in-depth interviews and FGDs on 20 respondents. Results: Men were very instrumental in helping their wives from becoming pregnant, giving birth and breastfeeding according to cultural figures, customs, husbands and wives. Conclusion: The role of men when pregnant wives prepare themselves as prospective fathers by following the development of pregnancy and supporting the preparation of childbirth, when the wife gives birth to accompany the wife before and during childbirth by giving motivation to face the pain, struggle to give birth to the baby, and when breastfeeding wife Supports the success of breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding Keywords: Male role, East Sumba culture, Traditional figure, Religious figure

scholarly journals The incidence of stroke in pediatric patients in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Sandes Fonseca ◽  
Louise Seixas Lordêllo ◽  
Beatriz Gusmão Azevêdo ◽  
Lara Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Giovanna Carvalho Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Using Data

Background: Stroke is rare in pediatric patients, but it is of paramount importance due to its serious complications. The study of the incidence of strokes in these patients is important for us to be able to adequate public health policies. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of strokes in pediatric patients in Brazil. Design and setting: Descriptive, retrospective study, carried out using data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), from 2011 to 2020. Methods: Variables: brain stroke not specific for the hemorrhagic or ischemic type, mortality, hospitalizations, sex, ethnicity and age group from 0 to 19 years of age. Results: During the period from 2011 from 2020, there were a total of 6912 cases of stroke in the age group from 0 to 19 years; the highest incidence in 2019 (10.59%) and the lowest incidence in 2020 (8.65%.) The age group from 15 to 19 accumulated the greatest number of cases (60.40%). The total mortality rate was 8.12% (561 cases). The highest mortality rate was observed between 15 and 19 years of age (62.03%), and the lowest between 5 and 9 years of age(4.63%). The incidence was slightly higher in males (50.41%). Conclusions: Similar annual stroke rates were identified during the analyzed period, demonstrating the need for interventional actions to reduce its incidence. The non-specification of the hemorrhagic or ischemic types is a limiting factor, since the prevention management is different in each case. There was a higher prevalence, as well as a higher mortality rate, from 15 to 19 years.

Abstract P159: No Gender Difference in All-Cause Mortality Rates in a Cohort of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the US Veteran Population

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E Kurgansky ◽  
David Gagnon ◽  
Kelly Cho ◽  
J M Gaziano ◽  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Failure Diagnosis ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Heart Failure Diagnosis

Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects about 5% of people 65 or older, with a higher prevalence in women. Previous studies suggest that women with HFpEF may live longer than men. Further understanding of mortality outcomes by gender could be useful in implementing gender-specific treatment strategies to improve outcomes in HFpEF patients. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that women have a lower rate of total mortality than males in a US Veteran HFpEF cohort. Methods: We used a validated algorithm to curate a HFpEF cohort using ICD9 codes, laboratory values, medications, and ejection fraction values from the national Veterans Affairs database. This algorithm had 88% sensitivity and 96% specificity. We examined crude and adjusted mortality rates by gender, beginning at the time of heart failure diagnosis with follow-up through 2016. The adjusted mortality rate was directly standardized to the population of veterans with heart failure (n= 626,179) according to distribution of age, race, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Crude and standardized rate ratios were calculated from the mortality rates. Results: Our HFpEF cohort (n= 74,937) included 72,267 men and 2,670 women. Mean age was 72.5 (11.2) in men and 69.1 (14.3) in women at the time of heart failure diagnosis. Males were 85.2% white, 33.7% had CVD, and 27.1% had CKD, whereas females were 82.5% white, 28.7% had CVD, and 20.5% had CKD. During a mean follow up of 4.8 (3.7) years, 52,703 deaths occurred in men and 1,614 deaths occurred in women.The crude mortality rate was significantly lower for females (109.7/1000 person-years) compared to males (153.5/1000 person-years). Corresponding crude incidence rate ratio (95% CI) for total mortality comparing females to males was 0.71 (0.69-0.74; p<.0001). However, after standardizing, there was no significant difference in total mortality rates between men (170.0/1000 person-years) and women (173.4/1000 person-years). The standardized mortality rate ratio was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.84-1.23; p=0.8397). Conclusions: In conclusion, our data do not show any difference in total mortality rate between men and women following the diagnosis of HFpEF.

scholarly journals Growth, maturation, and longevity of maturation cohorts of Norwegian spring-spawning herring

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J.H. Beverton ◽  
Arvid Hylen ◽  
Ole-Johan Østvedt ◽  
John Alvsvaag ◽  
Terence C. Iles
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
Age At Maturation

Abstract In 1907, the Bergen Institute of Marine Research started regular sampling of scales and lengths from landings of mature Norwegian spring-spawning herring. The actual age of each fish when caught was recorded, and from the early 1920s also the age at which it spawned for the first time. The present analyses concern biological samples secured during the fishing seasons 1940–1964. Herring in this stock do not all reach maturity at the same age. A small proportion of any one year class matures at 3 years. The majority matures from the age of 4–7 years, and a small proportion of some year classes at 8 and even 9 years of age. Subsequent age composition and growth of each maturation cohort were followed throughout mature life after spawning for the first time. The maximum age was found to increase with age at maturation, rising to an asymptote of about 22 years. The von Bertalanffy parameter L∞ shows an increasing trend with age at maturation, while K decreases. There is no strict length threshold at maturation and the curve joining the length at which each maturation cohort reaches maturity is less steep than the growth curve itself over the range of maturation ages. The data suggest that fish in this stock spawn, on average, eight times during a period of their life history in which the mortality rate is independent of age. After these eight spawnings, at an age referred to in this paper as the hinge age, the mortality rate increases sharply. Thus, the adult life is divided into two phases, called here pre-senescent and senescent. The total mortality rates in the pre-senescent phase are relatively stable for all maturation cohorts 3–9, but there is some evidence of a trend towards higher mortality rates during the senescent phase for the youngest maturing fish. This trend is caused mainly by a reduced natural mortality in the fish that mature when older. These findings have interesting demographic implications. Additional mortality due to fishing will change the relative contribution of young and old maturation cohorts in the senescent phase, thus making it appear that natural mortality is dependent on the intensity of fishing. Consequently, for stock assessment, analysis on a cohort basis seems advisable.

scholarly journals Transport accident mortality in Chile: trends from 2000 to 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3711-3718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Otzen ◽  
Antonio Sanhueza ◽  
Carlos Manterola ◽  
Monica Hetz ◽  
Tamara Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Transport Accidents

Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the trends of transport accident mortality in Chile from 2000 to 2012 by year, geographic distribution, gender, age group, and type of accident. Population-based study. Data for transport accident mortality in Chile between 2000 and 2012 were used. The crude and adjusted per region transport accident mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. The annual percentage change (APC) of the rates and relative risks (RR) were calculated. The average transport accident mortality rate (TAMR) in Chile (2000-2012) was 12.2. The rates were greater in men (19.7) than in women (4.8), with a RR of 4.1. The rates were higher in the country's southern zone (15.9), increasing in recent years in the southern zone, with a significant positive APC in the northern and central zones. The Maule region had the highest rate (21.1), although Coquimbo was the region with the most significant APC (2.2%). The highest rate (20.3) was verified in the 25-40 age group. The highest rate (14.3) was recorded in 2008. The most frequent type of accident was pedestrian. In general the APC trends of the rates are increasing significantly. This, added to rapid annual automotive growth, will only exacerbate mortality due to transport accidents.

scholarly journals The Role of Aerosol in Climate Change, the Environment, and Human Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Ren-Jian ◽  
Ho Kin-Fai ◽  
Shen Zhen-Xing
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health
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