scholarly journals Antimicrobial properties of Vernonia amygdalina on Escherichia coli and Proteus species isolated from urine samples: Potential antimicrobial alternative for urinary tract infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor ◽  
Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen ◽  
Joyce Briska ◽  
Paula Paul Shinggu ◽  
Sunday Danya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Proteus Species

Vernonia amygdalina is a member of the Asteraceae family and a shrub of 2-3m tall with a petiole leaf of about 6mm wide and naturally distributed in many parts of West Africa. It is reported to have several health benefits including antimicrobial efficacy. The study assessed the antimicrobial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. Of the 41 urine samples collected included in this research, 21 clinical samples (urine) were collected from Kwararafa Hospital Wukari while the remaining 20 samples were taken from students of Federal University Wukari. Standard microbiological techniques were employed in this investigation. Extracts of the leaves were made using Ethanol and aqueous procedures. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested using pathogenic isolates of Proteus species and Escherichia coli. It was observed that Escherichia coli were susceptible to both extracts of the leaf in high concentrations. The aqueous extract of the leaf shows moderate growth on the Proteus species but the ethanolic extract of the leaf presented significant antimicrobial activity on Proteus spp. This study has revealed greatly that extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in high concentration possess strong antimicrobial activities against the tested clinical isolates Proteus species and Escherichia coli with ethanolic extract of the leaves exhibiting greater antimicrobial significance against the tested clinical isolates compared to aqueous extracts of the leaves.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Pai Ksr ◽  
Sujatha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) against microorganisms including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: Agar well diffusion method was employed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves A. occidentale. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves were used against microorganisms, which included American type culture collection strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, MDR Escherichia coli, and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale showed significant antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extract had mild antifungal activity. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale could be a good source for the antibacterials to combat MDR bacterial infections. Further studies are necessary for these potent plant extracts to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and toxicity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacies of Extracts of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) on Some Clinical Microbial Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamoldeen Ajijolakewu ◽  
Muinat Olanike Kazeem ◽  
Risikat Nike Ahmed ◽  
Rahmat Folashade Zakariyah ◽  
Tariq Oluwakunmi Agbabiaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Lemon Grass

The spread of new infections and the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of microorganisms necessitate the search for new antimicrobials with focus on plant extracts. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) of lemon grass known usually for bioactive essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus) was investigated in-vitro, against selected clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans). Antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts was assessed using the agar-well diffusion and broth-dilution techniques. The aqueous extract of C. citratus was more efficacious as it showed higher antimicrobial activity against all the test isolates at all tested concentrations. In contrast, only two of the test isolates; P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were susceptible to the ethanolic extract with minimum inhibitory (MIC) concentrations of 2 mg/ml (against S. aureus) and 12.5 mg/ml (against P. aeruginosa). The MIC of the aqueous extract were (mg/ml): 2, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 against S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans respectively. Meanwhile, both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. citratus exerted only a bacteriostatic effect against the five test isolates at all concentrations. Quantitative phytochemical screening of the two extracts revealed the presence of more concentration of active compounds in the aqueous extract than the ethanolic extract which plausibly accounts for its greater antimicrobial activity. This study has shown that, in difference to the use of its conventional essential oil, solvent extraction of Cymbopogon citratus is also a potent source of efficacious antimicrobials. Further works to determine the respective mechanisms of action(s) of the extracts’ active principle is being projected. Keywords: Lemon grass, clinical isolates, antimicrobial efficacies, bioactive compounds

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli From Urine Samples of Pregnant Women as an Indicator for Antimicrobial Resistance in the Community: a Field Study From Rural Burkina Faso.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Post ◽  
I. Guiraud ◽  
M. Peeters ◽  
P. Lompo ◽  
S. Ombelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mostly hospital-based and, in view of poor access to clinical microbiology, biased to more resistant pathogens. We assessed AMR among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine cultures of pregnant women as an indicator for community AMR and compared the AMR results with those from E. coli isolates obtained from febrile patients in previously published clinical surveillance studies conducted within the same population in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso.Results: Between October 2016 – September 2018, midstream urine samples collected as part of routine antenatal in Nanoro district were cultured by a dipslide method and screened for antibiotic residues. Among 6018 consenting women (median (IQR) age 25 (20 - 30)), 84 (1.4%) were excluded because of symptoms of urinary tract infection and 96 (1.6%) screened positive for antibiotic residues. Significant growth - defined as a monoculture of Enterobacterales at counts of ≥ 104 colony forming units/ml – was observed in 202 (3.4%) cultures; E. coli represented 155 (76.7%) of isolates. Among these E. coli isolates, resistance rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were respectively 65.8%, 64.4% 16.2%, compared to 89.5%, 89.5% and 62.5% among E. coli from historical clinical isolates (n = 48 of which 45 from blood cultures). Proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug resistance were 3.2% and 5.2% among E. coli isolates from urine in pregnant women versus 35.4%, and 60.4% respectively among clinical isolates. Adding urine culture to the routine urine analysis (protein and glucose) of antenatal was feasible. The dipslide culture method was affordable and user-friendly and allowed on-site inoculation and easy transport; challenges were contamination (midstream urine sampling) and the semi-quantitative reading. Conclusions: The E. coli isolates obtained from healthy pregnant women had significantly lower AMR rates compared to clinical E. coli isolates, probably reflecting the lower antibiotic pressure in the pregnant women population. Provided confirmation of the present findings in other settings, E. coli from urine samples in pregnant women may be a potential indicator for benchmarking, comparing, and monitoring community AMR rates across populations over different countries and regions.

scholarly journals Virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and plasmid content of Escherichia coli isolated in swine commercial farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Costa ◽  
G. Drescher ◽  
F Maboni ◽  
S.S. Weber ◽  
A. Schrank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates were evaluated. A total of 80 E. coli isolates were evaluated, being 64 from clinical samples (intestinal content and fragments of organs from diarrheic piglets), seven from feces of clinically healthy piglets and sows, and nine environmental samples (five from facilities, two from feed, one from insect, and one from waste). Molecular characterization was performed by PCR detection of fimbriae and toxin genes and plasmid content determination. The isolates were also characterized according to their resistance or sensitivity to the following drugs: ampicillin, trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amikacine, colistin, norfloxacin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, cefalexin, trimethoprim, neomycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. From 80 E. coli isolates, 53.8% were classified as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 2.5% were shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and 43.8% showed a non specific pattern and were unclassified. One fecal isolate from non-diarrheic piglet was classified as ETEC by PCR. Clinical isolates showed resistance mainly for tetracycline and trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole. Plasmidial DNA was observed in 70 isolates, being 78.5% of clinical isolates, 8.57% of non-diarrheic feces, and 12.8% of environment.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of a Novel Composite Transposon Carrying armA and aac(6)-Ib Genes in an Escherichia coli Isolate from Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Mona T. Kashef ◽  
Omneya M. Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Coli Isolate ◽  
Wide Range

Aminoglycosides are used in treating a wide range of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, aminoglycoside resistance is common and occurs by several mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is bacterial rRNA methylation by the 16S rRNA methyl transferase (16S-RMTase) enzymes; but data about the spread of this mechanism in Egypt are scarce. Cephalosporins are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in Egypt; therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of 16S-RMTase among third generation cephalosporin-resistant clinical isolates in Egypt. One hundred and twenty three cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates were screened for aminoglycosides resistance by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and tested for possible production of 16S-RMTase. PCR testing and sequencing were used to confirm the presence of 16S-RMTase and the associated antimicrobial resistance determinants, as well as the genetic region surrounding the armA gene. Out of 123 isolates, 66 (53.66%) were resistant to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic. Only one Escherichia coli isolate (E9ECMO) which was totally resistant to all tested aminoglycosides, was confirmed to have the armA gene in association with blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14 and aac(6)-Ib genes. The armA gene was found to be carried on a large A/C plasmid. Genetic mapping of the armA surrounding region revealed, for the first time, the association of armA with aac(6)-Ib on the same transposon. In conclusion, the isolation frequency of 16S-RMTase was low among the tested aminoglycoside-resistant clinical samples. However, a novel composite transposon has been detected conferring high-level aminoglycosides resistance.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Selected Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates to Different Leaf Extracts of Senna alata

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Ibikunle Ibitayo ANIBIJUWON ◽  
Ifeoluwa Deborah GBALA ◽  
Bright Ifeanyi NNADOZIE ◽  
Olubukola IFAYEFUMI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Senna Alata

The present study evaluated the antibacterial effects of the methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Senna alata leaves. The extracts were tested using agar well diffusion method against selected clinical isolates: Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiogram profile of the isolates deduced by disc diffusion method confirmed that the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of all tested organisms except for Klebsiella pneumoniae, which also showed no sensitivity to the ethanolic extract. There was no inhibition observed for the aqueous extract against all the tested organisms, indicating that the methanolic extract of the plant was more potent than the aqueous extract. Inhibitory activities were observed for gentamicin, ofloxacin and erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. No inhibitory activity was observed in all the antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, inhibition was only observed in ofloxacin. The activity of both the methanolic and ethanolic extract of Senna alata was optimal under different concentrations, but gradually diminished as the concentration was adjusted. The activity of the plant extracts against the selected bacteria is an indication of the presence of broad spectrum bioactive compounds which could be explored in the therapy of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Detection of CTX-M-type ESBLs from Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 0682 ◽  
Author(s):  
MKK Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Rates

The present study aims to detect CTX-M-type ESBL from Escherichia coli clinical isolates and to analyze their antibotic susceptibility patterns. One hundred of E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical samples from a tertiary hospital. ESBL positivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. PCR used for amplification of CTX-M-type ESBL produced by E. coli. Out of 100 E. coli isolates, twenty-four isolates (24%) were ESBL-producers. E. coli isolated from pus was the most frequent clinical specimen that produced ESBL (41.66%) followed by urine (34.21%), respiratory (22.23%), and blood (19.05%).  After PCR amplification of these 24 isolates, 10 (41.66%) isolates were found to possess CTX-M genes. The CTX-M type ESBL producing E. coli against antibiotics belonging to different families showed the highest resistance rates to Ampicillin (100%), Cefotaxime (97%), Cefuroxime (95%), and Ciprofoxacin (86%). Carbapenem groups of antibiotics, Meropenem (89%) and Imipenem (85%) have the highest susceptibility rate among all antibiotics used in this study. The outcome of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of significant CTX-M- type ESBL producing E. coli could be useful to avoid failure or prolong treatments.

scholarly journals Incidence of ?-lactamase producing Escherichia coli amongst clinical isolates in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Anindita Bhowmik ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhtar ◽  
Md Shahidul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Escherichia coli is one of the most important clinical pathogens that demonstrate antibiotic resistance through their ? -lactamase activity. The present study reflected on the presence of ?-lactam antibiotic resistance in clinical samples. Antibiotic resistance patterns of 20 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli against ? -lactam antibiotics were investigated. These isolates were collected from a hospital in Dhaka city and MIC values were determined against Imipenem, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone. In case of Ceftriaxone the highest MIC was >4096 ?g/mL for 50% isolates with a minimum MIC of 1 ?g/ml for 10% isolates. In case of Cefotaxime, MIC values ranged between 1 ?g/ml and >4096 ?g/ml for 20% and 10% isolates, respectively. In contrast, 80% of the isolates had an MIC of Imipenem at 1 ?g/mL with only 5% isolate having MIC of 8 ?g/mL. Eight out of 20 (40%) isolates were ESBL producers, 14 (70%) were ? -lactamase producers. Two isolates exhibited ESBL activity against Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone, 3 against only Cefotaxime and 3 against only Ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone resistance in 10 randomly picked isolates was found to be stable for 21days in stability assay. Considering the findings of the present study, it appears that Imipenem still remains the drug of choice for E. coli infections; alternatively, combination therapy may be prescribed. In vitro stability of Ceftriaxone resistance raises concern from a public health point of view as this may aid antibiotic resistance transfer to other bacteria in the environment.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.5(1) 2015: 18-21

scholarly journals Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf ) terhadap Produksi Verotoksin Escherichia coli Verotoksigenik

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Gino Nemesio Cepeda ◽  
Ratih Dewanti Hariyadi ◽  
Supar Supar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Broth Dilution

Citronella was a spicy plant used as seasoning in Indonesian food. It was reported to have antimicrobial activity. Itsextract in form of volatile oil prepared by distilation can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. The objective of theresearch was to know the inhibition of ethanolic extract of the citronella on growth and verotoxin production ofverotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The assay of antimicrobial activity was done by using broth dilution and verocellassay. The results indicated that minimum inhibitory concentration of extract can inhibit effectively verotoxinproduction of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

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