scholarly journals Susceptibility of Selected Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates to Different Leaf Extracts of Senna alata

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Ibikunle Ibitayo ANIBIJUWON ◽  
Ifeoluwa Deborah GBALA ◽  
Bright Ifeanyi NNADOZIE ◽  
Olubukola IFAYEFUMI

The present study evaluated the antibacterial effects of the methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Senna alata leaves. The extracts were tested using agar well diffusion method against selected clinical isolates: Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiogram profile of the isolates deduced by disc diffusion method confirmed that the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of all tested organisms except for Klebsiella pneumoniae, which also showed no sensitivity to the ethanolic extract. There was no inhibition observed for the aqueous extract against all the tested organisms, indicating that the methanolic extract of the plant was more potent than the aqueous extract. Inhibitory activities were observed for gentamicin, ofloxacin and erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. No inhibitory activity was observed in all the antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, inhibition was only observed in ofloxacin. The activity of both the methanolic and ethanolic extract of Senna alata was optimal under different concentrations, but gradually diminished as the concentration was adjusted. The activity of the plant extracts against the selected bacteria is an indication of the presence of broad spectrum bioactive compounds which could be explored in the therapy of bacterial infections.

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Cíntia de Oliveira ◽  
Tamara Rezende Marques ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Andrade Machado ◽  
Thaís Cristina Lima de Carvalho ◽  
Aline Aparecida Caetano ◽  
...  

Abstract The phenolic compounds from various extracts of jabuticaba skin powder (JSP) were characterized in this study, and the antibacterial activity assessed. The phenolic compounds were extracted from the JSP using four methods: a) acetone extraction - 1 g JSP: 10 mL 70% acetone, resting for 2 hours; b) aqueous extract - 1 g JSP: 15 mL water, under agitation; c) ethanolic extract - 1 g JSP: 15 mL acidified ethanol, under agitation; and d) methanolic extract - 1 g JSP: 50 mL 50% methanol, under reflux. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion assay, using Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 6539, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds, especially of cyanidin chloride, catechin and epicatechin. The extracts did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella choleraesuis, but inhibited 30% of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an extract concentration of 250 µg mL-1. Against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes the highest inhibitory effect observed was 41.8% for the ethanolic extract, followed by 36% inhibition by the methanolic extract, thus revealing the potential of these extracts as possible alternatives for use in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.


Mediscope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Didarul Haque ◽  
Abu Md Mayeenuddin Al Amin ◽  
Baishakhi Islam ◽  
Nazia Nazneen ◽  
Syeda Noorjahan Karim ◽  
...  

An exploratory study based on laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the antibacterial effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract of Aloe vera leaf gel (DAE) against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. DMSO extract was used in five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml). Dose dependent inhibitory effect was seen against the test organisms using disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) were 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm and 21 mm against S. aureus; 0 mm, 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm against P. aeruginosa; 8 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm against E. coli; 0 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm and 18 mm against K. pneumoniae at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by broth dilution technique. The MICs of DAE for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 300 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 450 μg/ml respectively. From the study it was observed that DMSO extract of Aloe vera leaf gel possesses antibacterial effect against the test pathogens. The findings highlight the need for further extensive study to detect and isolate the biologically active ingredients present in the Aloe vera leaves which are responsible for antibacterial effect. Hopefully, that would lead to the discovery of new and more potent antimicrobial agents originated from Aloe vera. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 67-74


Author(s):  
A. Yu. Suntsova ◽  
R. R. Guliev ◽  
D. A. Popov ◽  
T. Yu. Vostrikova ◽  
D. V. Dubodelov ◽  
...  

The need for novel techniques of rapid identification of pathogenic microorganisms arises from the massive spread of drug-resistant nosocomial strains and the emergence of centers for biohazard control. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is a promising alternative to mass spectrometry as it is cost-effective, fast and suitable for field use. The aim of this work was to propose an algorithm for the identification of microorganisms in pure cultures based on the analysis of their Fourier transform infrared spectra. The algorithm is based on the automated principal component analysis of infrared spectra. Unlike its analogues described in the literature, the algorithm is capable of identifying bacteria regardless of the culture medium or growth phase. The training sample included the most prevalent causative agents of infections and sepsis in humans: Staphylococcus aureus (n = 67), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 10), Enterococcus faecium (n = 10), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 10), Escherichia coli (n = 10), Serratia marcescens (n = 10), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 10), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 10), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10), and Candida albicans (n = 10). The model we built successfully passed a series of blind tests involving clinical isolates of 10 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 10 methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus strains as well as pair mixes of these cultures with clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.


2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Huda Suhail Abid

Effect of ethanolic extract of Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) examined against (4) species of pathogenic bacteria ('Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium) using: diffusion method, determination the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC, and minimum bactericidal concentration MBC. The results showed that Clove extract appeared high inhibitory effect on the growth of' 'Staphylococcus aureus & Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this inhibition increased with increasing the concentration. The MIC values were, 2.0, 4.0 mg/ml respectively, on the other hand, the MBC value against 'Staphylococcus aureus was 4.0 mg/ml. while the MBC value against Pseudomonas aeruginosa dose not effective. Further Escherichia coli & Salmonella typhimurium showed resistance to the activity of Clove extract.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
F.Z. Idris ◽  
U.A. Habibu

The present study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial activity of ethanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of Cinnamomum verum stem bark against Multi-drug resistant clinical isolates. C. verum bark powder was extracted with ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane respectively using Soxhlet extractor for 6 hrs. at temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the respective solvents. The extracts were further subjected to phytochemical screening as well as antimicrobial tests against clinical isolates of confirmed multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were also determined. The extracts yield 11.8g, 10.2g and 9.0g for ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane respectively. The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, anthraquinones and tannins in the extracts. The ethanolic extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity of 12.3±0.5mm against P. aeruginosa and 15.3±1.3mm against K. pneumoniae at 100mg/ml and antibacterial activities of 11.3±0.5mm against K. pneumoniae followed by 9.0±0.4mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the least 8.0±0.0mm against Staphylococcus aureus at 20mg/ml concentration. While hexane extract of the plant has the highest activity of 9.0±0.0mm against Staphylococcus aureus isolates but less active against the remaining isolates at 20mg/ml concentration. Dichloromethane extract was less active against all the MDR isolates. The results showed that the MICs of C. verum ranged from 5-20 mg/ml while the MBCs ranged from 10-40 mg/ml. Thus C. verum could be used as potential source of antibacterial agents against MDR microbes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouelhadj ◽  
L. Ait Salem ◽  
D. Djenane

Ce travail vise l’étude de l’activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle (HE) de Pelargoniumx asperum et de la bactériocine, la nisine seul et en combinaison vis-à-vis de six bactéries dont quatre sont multirésistantes d’origine clinique. L’activité antibactérienne in vitro a été évaluée par la méthode de diffusion sur gélose. La concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) est aussi déterminée pour HE. Les résultats ont révélé une activité antibactérienne significative exercée par HE visà-vis de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus aureus et Escherichia coli avec des diamètres d’inhibition de 36,00 ; 22,50 et 40,00 mm, respectivement. Cependant, l’HE de Pelargonium asperum a montré une activité antibactérienne supérieure par rapport à la nisine. Les valeurs des CMI rapportées dans cette étude sont comprises entre 1,98–3,96 μl/ml. Les combinaisons réalisées entre HE et la nisine ont montré un effet additif vis-à-vis de Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) avec (50 % HE Pelargonium asperum + 50 % nisine). Par contre, nous avons enregistré une synergie vis-à-vis de Klebsiella pneumoniae avec (75 % HE Pelargonium asperum + 25 % nisine) et contre Pseudomonas aeruginosa avec les trois combinaisons testées. Les résultats obtenus permettent de dire que l’HE de Pelargonium asperum possède une activité antibactérienne ainsi que sa combinaison avec la nisine pourrait représenter une bonne alternative pour la lutte contre l’antibiorésistance.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.L MIRANDA ◽  
J.A. ROCHA ◽  
K.M. ARAÚJO ◽  
P.V. QUELEMES ◽  
S.J. MAYO ◽  
...  

RESUMO O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças é uma estratégia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as populações do mundo, e, embora novos antibióticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, às vezes são ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais têm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados à antibióticos de uso clínico, representando alternativa terapêutica para doenças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, é espécie macrófita, aquática emergente de hábito herbáceo, pertencente a família Araceae e ocorre em áreas alagáveis. A utilidade farmacológica desta espécie é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreumático, antidiurético e expectorante. Devido à relevância no campo etnofarmacológico, ampla utilização na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados à atividade antibacteriana desta espécie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alcoólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de verificação da formação de halos de inibição e determinação das concentrações inibitórias e bactericidas mínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metanólico seco (EMS), extrato metanólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etanólico seco (EES), apresentaram ação antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etanólico fresco (EEF) não apresentou atividade para as bactérias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentração de 200 μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacológicas de plantas da família Araceae são escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho são pioneiros em relação a atividade antibacteriana desta espécie.


2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Enrique Oliva-Menacho ◽  
Marco Antonio García-Hjarles ◽  
José Arturo Oliva-Candela ◽  
Hugo Saturnino De la Cruz-Roca

Objetivos: Determinar el grado de contaminación bacteriana con bacterias patógenas de los estetoscopios del personal médico en un hospital general de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, entre los meses de enero y juniodel 2013. Se estudiaron 124 muestras de estetoscopios del personal médico en las siguientes áreas: UCI 20; neonatología 13; quemados 3; medicina 52; emergencia 36. Se recolectaron las muestras con hisopos humedecidos, en condiciones estériles (En presencia de un mechero de vidrio para alcohol) y luego fueron introducidos en tuboscon preparado de caldo BHI (Infusión cerebro corazón) para ser incubados por 24 horas a 37°C; se cultivó en Agar sangre, Agar MacConkey, Agar manitol y Agar cetrimidepara su posterior determinación de bacterias patógenas por procedimientos bioquímicos ,luego se identificó la susceptibilidad bacteriana con la técnica de Kirby- Bauer. Resultados: De los 124 estetoscopios estudiados; 114 (91,9%) estuvieron contaminados; se aislaron 123 cepasbacterianas: Staphylococcus spp coagulasa negativa 106(86,1%), Staphylococcus aureus 5(4,0%), Enterobacter aerogenes 4 (3,2%), Acinetobacter spp 2(1,6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4(3,2%), Klebsiella Pneumoniae 1(0,8%) y Escherichia coli 1(0,8%). Conclusiones: El aislamiento de bacterias patógenas sugiere que el estetoscopio debe ser considerado como un vector de la infección nosocomial.


Author(s):  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Pai Ksr ◽  
Sujatha Bhat

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) against microorganisms including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: Agar well diffusion method was employed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves A. occidentale. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves were used against microorganisms, which included American type culture collection strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, MDR Escherichia coli, and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale showed significant antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extract had mild antifungal activity. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale could be a good source for the antibacterials to combat MDR bacterial infections. Further studies are necessary for these potent plant extracts to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and toxicity.


Author(s):  
I. I. Myrko ◽  
T. I. Chaban ◽  
V. V. Ogurtsov ◽  
V. S. Matiychuk

Мета роботи. Здійснити синтез деяких нових піразолзаміщених 7H-[1,2,4]триазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тіадіазинів та провести дослідження антимікробних властивостей синтезованих сполук. Матеріали і методи. Органічний синтез, ЯМР-спектроскопія, елементний аналіз, фармакологічний скринінг. Результати й обговорення. У результаті взаємодії eтил (2Z)-хлоро(фенілгідразоно)ацетатів з ацетилацетоном було отримано етил 4-ацетил-5-метил-1-феніл-1H-піразол-3-карбоксилати. Зазначені сполуки піддали бромуванню, що дозволило одержати цільові бромкетони. Синтезовані на даній стадії етил 1-арил-4-(бромацетил)-5-метил-1Н-піразол-3-карбоксилати було введено у взаємодію з 4-аміно-5-арил(гетарил)-2,4-дигідро-3Н-1,2,4-триазол-3-тіонами з подальшим формуванням 1,3,4-тіадіазольного циклу та отриманням відповідних етил 1-арил-4-{3-арил(гетарил)-7H-[1,2,4]триазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тіадіазин-6-іл)}-5-метил-1H-піразол-3-карбоксилатів. Структура синтезованих сполук підтверджена даними елементного аналізу та ЯМР спектроскопією. В рамках міжнародного проекту "The Community for Antimicrobial Drug Discovery" (CO-ADD) за підтримки Wellcome Trust (Великобританія) і університету Квінсленда (Австралія) для синтезованих сполук здійснено скринінг антимікробної активності. Як тестові мікроорганізми використовували п'ять штамів бактерій: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 та двох штамів грибків: Candida albicans ATCC 90028 і Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 208821. Встановлено, що досліджувані сполуки виявляють різноманітну дію, від практично повної її відсутності до виразного антимікробного ефекту. Висновки. Здійснено синтез 12 нових етил 1-арил-4-{3-арил(гетарил)-7H-[1,2,4]триазоло[3,4-b][1,3,4]тіадіазин-6-іл)}-5-метил-1H-піразол-3-карбоксилатів. Зазначені речовини отримані шляхом взаємодії відповідних етил 1-арил-4-(бромацетил)-5-метил-1Н-піразол-3-карбоксилатів з 4-аміно-5-арил(гетарил)-2,4-дигідро-3Н-1,2,4-триазол-3-тіонами. Дослідження антимікробної активності синтезованих сполук демонструють потенціал пошуку антимікробних агентів серед зазначеного класу сполук.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document