You Are What You Feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Duckworth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cash Register

In one of Tim Beck's recent articles, he tells the story of David, a 37-year-old man hospitalized with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.  David's symptoms are severe, and traditional therapeutic approaches have so far been unsuccessful. Some days it's a challenge for him to even engage in a conversation. One day, his therapist asks him what activity he liked most in the past. “McDonald's,” he replies. “I've always enjoyed going to McDonald's for a hamburger.” The therapist proposes that they walk over to the hospital restaurant. On arrival, without explanation, a miraculous transformation occurs. Suddenly, David is alert to his surroundings, able to cheerfully complete the transaction at the cash register and even to joke with the cashier before taking his food. 

Autoimmune-mediated renal disease and hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (17) ◽  
pp. 2165-2196
Author(s):  
Erika I. Boesen ◽  
Rahul M. Kakalij
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and mortality. Troublingly, hypertension is highly prevalent in patients with autoimmune renal disease and hastens renal functional decline. Although progress has been made over the past two decades in understanding the inflammatory contributions to essential hypertension more broadly, the mechanisms active in autoimmune-mediated renal diseases remain grossly understudied. This Review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of each of the major autoimmune diseases affecting the kidney that are associated with hypertension, and describes the current state of knowledge regarding hypertension in these diseases and their management. Specifically, discussion focuses on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Lupus Nephritis (LN), Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN), Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). A summary of disease-specific animal models found to exhibit hypertension is also included to highlight opportunities for much needed further investigation of underlying mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Shock Factors in Cancer

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Mikael Christer Puustinen ◽  
Lea Sistonen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Heat Shock Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Malignant transformation is accompanied by alterations in the key cellular pathways that regulate development, metabolism, proliferation and motility as well as stress resilience. The members of the transcription factor family, called heat shock factors (HSFs), have been shown to play important roles in all of these biological processes, and in the past decade it has become evident that their activities are rewired during tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the expression patterns and functions of HSF1, HSF2, and HSF4 in specific cancer types, highlighting the mechanisms by which the regulatory functions of these transcription factors are modulated. Recently developed therapeutic approaches that target HSFs are also discussed.

scholarly journals Perioperative Organ Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Bartels ◽  
Jörn Karhausen ◽  
Eric T. Clambey ◽  
Almut Grenz ◽  
Holger K. Eltzschig
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite the fact that a surgical procedure may have been performed for the appropriate indication and in a technically perfect manner, patients are threatened by perioperative organ injury. For example, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, or acute gut injury are among the most common causes for morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. In the current review, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of perioperative organ injury, and provide select examples for novel treatment concepts that have emerged over the past decade. Indeed, the authors are of the opinion that research to provide mechanistic insight into acute organ injury and identification of novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of perioperative organ injury represent the most important opportunity to improve outcomes of anesthesia and surgery.

scholarly journals Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Infertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 621-627
Author(s):  
Vivian de Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Adriana de Góes e Silva Soligo ◽  
Gabriel Duque Pannain
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Abortion Complications

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a systemic, autoimmune, prothrombotic disease characterized by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), thrombosis, recurrent abortion, complications during pregnancy, and occasionally thrombocytopenia. The objective of the present study was to review the pathophysiology of APS and its association with female infertility. A bibliographic review of articles of the past 20 years was performed at the PubMed, Scielo, and Bireme databases. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may be associated with primary infertility, interfering with endometrial decidualization and with decreased ovarian reserve. Antiphospholipid antibodies also have direct negative effects on placentation, when they bind to the trophoblast, reducing their capacity for invasion, and proinflammatory effects, such as complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, contributing to placental insufficiency, restricted intrauterine growth, and fetal loss. In relation to thrombosis, APS results in a diffuse thrombotic diathesis, with global and diffuse dysregulation of the homeostatic balance. Knowing the pathophysiology of APS, which is closely linked to female infertility, is essential for new therapeutic approaches, specialized in immunomodulation and inflammatory signaling pathways, to provide important advances in its treatment.

Fifty Years of Experience with Chordomas in Southeast Scotland

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O'Neill ◽  
B.A. Bell ◽  
J.D. Miller ◽  
I. Jacobson ◽  
W. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Abstract We report the clinical presentation and management of 34 patients with a histologically proven chordoma, treated in the neurosurgical departments in Edinburgh and Dundee, over the past 50 years. Although these tumors are commonly regarded as being locally invasive with a variable, but generally slow growth rate, they can metastasize, and this may precede surgical intervention, as in one of our patients. Our cases are compared to those in previously published series, and a comprehensive review of the treatment modalities for tumors at various sites is presented. The optimal treatment to be recommended from our own experience, and that of others, is aggressive operation and radiotherapy. A combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy has shown some promise, but remains untested, and highlights the need for a multicenter trial with long follow-up to allow the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Pathology of Inflammation

Scientifica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhav Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Active Research

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known toxic gas that is synthesized in the human body from the amino acids cystathionine, homocysteine, and cysteine by the action of at least two distinct enzymes: cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase. In the past few years, H2S has emerged as a novel and increasingly important biological mediator. Imbalances in H2S have also been shown to be associated with various disease conditions. However, defining the precise pathophysiology of H2S is proving to be a complex challenge. Recent research in our laboratory has shown H2S as a novel mediator of inflammation and work in several groups worldwide is currently focused on determining the role of H2S in inflammation. H2S has been implicated in different inflammatory conditions, such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, joint inflammation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Active research on the role of H2S in inflammation will unravel the pathophysiology of its actions in inflammatory conditions and may help develop novel therapeutic approaches for several, as yet incurable, disease conditions.

scholarly journals Oral pemphigus vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Mohit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Involvement ◽  
Dental Professionals

Pemphigus is a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune mucocutaneous diseases characterized by epithelial blistering affecting cutaneous and/ or mucosal surfaces. Pemphigus affects 0.1-0.5 patients per 100,000 population per year. Oral lesions of pemphigus are seen in up to 18% of patients at dermatology out-patient clinics, but despite the frequency of oral involvement, and novel therapeutic approaches, there are surprisingly few recent studies of either the oral manifestations of pemphigus or their management, and delays in diagnosis are still common. Most patients are initially misdiagnosed and improperly treated for many months or even years. Dental professionals must be sufficiently familiar with the clinical manifestations of pemphigus vulgaris to ensure early diagnosis and treatment, since this in turn determines the prognosis and course of the disease. Pemphigus has been reviewed in the oral literature in the past decade, but several advances in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis, pemphigus variants, and management warrant an update. Here, we report a case of pemphigus vulgaris that was misdiagnosed in its earliest stage. Oral ulceration may arise from a variety of causes. This case illustrates that, although rare, pemphigus vulgaris may need to be included in differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer: From EMT to Drug Resistance

Onco ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Bruno Takao Real Karia ◽  
Camila Albuquerque Pinto ◽  
Carolina Oliveira Gigek ◽  
Fernanda Wisnieski ◽  
Marilia Arruda Cardoso Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The treatment of GC patients improved due to advancements in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the long-term survival rate of patients with gastric cancer remains around 20%. Thus, development of novel therapeutic approaches is of great interest, in order to reduce the need for mutilating surgeries and morbid adjuvant therapies. For many years, it was believed that the RNA was a mere intermediate molecule in the genetic information flow. However, during the past decades, with the advent of new sequencing technologies, it was revealed that non-coding RNAs play important roles in many different biological processes. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been reported to regulate crucial events during neoplasic development, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we will focus on microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in gastric cancer tumorigenesis via modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provided some biomarkers to prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy.

scholarly journals Modulation of Neuroinflammation by the Gut Microbiota in Prion and Prion-Like Diseases

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Josephine Trichka ◽  
Wen-Quan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Microbial Metabolite ◽  
The Past

The process of neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenic mechanism of many neurodegenerative diseases. The deleterious attributes of neuroinflammation involve aberrant and uncontrolled activation of glia, which can result in damage to proximal brain parenchyma. Failure to distinguish self from non-self, as well as leukocyte reaction to aggregation and accumulation of proteins in the CNS, are the primary mechanisms by which neuroinflammation is initiated. While processes local to the CNS may instigate neurodegenerative disease, the existence or dysregulation of systemic homeostasis can also serve to improve or worsen CNS pathologies, respectively. One fundamental component of systemic homeostasis is the gut microbiota, which communicates with the CNS via microbial metabolite production, the peripheral nervous system, and regulation of tryptophan metabolism. Over the past 10–15 years, research focused on the microbiota–gut–brain axis has culminated in the discovery that dysbiosis, or an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic gut bacteria, can promote CNS pathologies. Conversely, a properly regulated and well-balanced microbiome supports CNS homeostasis and reduces the incidence and extent of pathogenic neuroinflammation. This review will discuss the role of the gut microbiota in exacerbating or alleviating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, and potential microbiota-based therapeutic approaches to reduce pathology in diseased states.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Combined Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapies against Cancer Using Carbon Nanomaterial Platforms for In Vivo Studies

Photochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-450
Author(s):  
Lucas D. Dias ◽  
Hilde H. Buzzá ◽  
Mirian D. Stringasci ◽  
Vanderlei S. Bagnato
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterial ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
General Physical

Cancer is considered one of the major public health problems worldwide. Among the therapeutic approaches investigated and used so far, the combined use of photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) therapies have shown promising results for in vivo studies. The mechanisms of actions of both therapies are based on use of a chemical entity and a source light with an appropriate wavelength, and, in PDTs case, also molecular oxygen (O2). Moreover, the combined use of PTT and PDT may present a synergic effect on the elimination of solid tumor and metastasis. Herein, we review the past 5 years (2016–2020) regarding the combined use of PTT and PDT and carbon nanomaterial platforms as photosensitizers and photothermal agents against cancer (in vivo evaluation). We intend to highlight the most important and illustrative examples for this period. Additionally, we report the mechanisms of action of PTT and PTT and the general physical/chemical properties of carbon nanomaterial platforms used for this therapeutic approach.

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