scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF CANINE LEISHMANIASIS BY PCR-RFLP IN CUIABA, MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arleana Do Bom Parto Ferreira Almeida ◽  
Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula ◽  
Valéria Dutra ◽  
Edson Moleta Colodel ◽  
Luciano Nakazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Cutaneous Form ◽  
Canine Infection

Leishmaniases are neglected zoonoses that are increasing in Brazil. The dog is considered the main reservoir of the visceral form in urban areas of Brazil and also important in maintaining the cycle of transmission of the cutaneous form in endemic areas. We used PCR-RFLP to identify the species of Leishmania involved in canine infection in Cuiaba City, Mato Grosso. Samples of bone marrow and lymph were collected from 181 dogs, of which 7.2% tested positive with indirect immunofluorescence and 24.9% using PCR-RFLP; a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05), had been possible to characterize the species Leishmania (L.) chagasi. This will aid in developing prevention measures and in the control of disease in Cuiaba and the surrounding area.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Rated Economic Status and Falls among the Elderly in Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150
Author(s):  
Zhuang Hong ◽  
Lingzhong Xu ◽  
Jinling Zhou ◽  
Long Sun ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: Older people are more vulnerable and likely to have falls and the consequences of these falls place a heavy burden on individuals, families and society. Many factors directly or indirectly affect the prevalence of falls. The aims of this study were to understand the prevalence and risk factors of falls among the elderly in Shandong, China; the relationship between economic level and falls was also preliminary explored. (2) Methods: Using a multi-stage stratified sampling method, 7070 elderly people aged 60 and over were selected in Shandong Province, China. General characteristics and a self-rated economic status were collected through face to face interviews. Chi-square tests, rank sum tests and two logistic regression models were performed as the main statistical methods. (3) Results: 8.59% of participants reported that they had experienced at least one fall in the past half year. There was a significant difference in experienced falls regarding gender, residence, marital status, educational level, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, and self-reported hearing. The worse the self-rated economic status, the higher the risk of falling, (poor and worried about livelihood, OR = 3.60, 95%; CI = 1.76–7.35). (4) Conclusions: Women, hypertension, diabetes and self-reported hearing loss were identified as the risk factors of falls in the elderly. The difference of economic level affects the falls of the elderly in rural and urban areas. More fall prevention measures should be provided for the elderly in poverty.

scholarly journals Vegetation and microclimate in open urban areas. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso - Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089-1099
Author(s):  
Maria Corette Pasa ◽  
Lucas Henrique Vieira Lenci ◽  
Nhaára Da Vila Pereira ◽  
Rosenil Antonia de Oliveira Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significant Difference

The influence of vegetation on the reduction of heat in open urban environments by providing a milder and more pleasant microclimate is highlighted in modern science. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trend of microclimatic variables and thermal comfort, in the Federal University of Mato Grosso - UFMT campus, in open spaces (forest fragment, cerrado and paved) with and without afforestation. Three collection points were selected in open spaces (wooded and without afforestation) at the UFMT campus in Cuiabá. To record the data, we used the Alloet Thermohigrometer mini-markers, model TA-318 with 0.1%. The collections took place in May of 2018, period that begins the local winter. The microclimatic variables such as air temperature, relative humidity (%), wind speed, ultraviolet index and chance of rain were analyzed daily from 09:00 to 17:00 for 15 days. The results highlight the importance of the shade provided by the tree vegetation in the forest fragment, which revealed a significant difference for the thermal comfort in relation to the other sample points and without afforestation. The microclimatic parameters present variations of the temperature and relative humidity of the air at the points allocated, with emphasis on the thermal comfort sensation for the wooded area. The research also suggests new scientific investments in studies on urban micro-climates as a way to stimulate and raise awareness of the importance of vegetation in thermal comfort, which can directly reflect the health and well-being of people in general. 

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sand flies and canine infection in areas of human visceral leishmaniasis, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Leandro da Cruz Mestre ◽  
Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Rosina Djunko Miyazaki ◽  
Jorge Senatore Vargas Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
The City

Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic infectious disease that can cause to a severe, potentially life-threatening chronic condition in humans. Risk factors for infection in urban areas have been associated with poor living conditions, the presence of sand fly vectors and infected pets. This study aimed to describe sand fly and canine infection in the neighborhoods of human visceral leishmaniasis occurrence in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, central-western Brazil, reported between January 2005 and December 2006. A total of 1,909 sand flies were collected. They were predominantly males and the most frequent species were Lutzomyia cruzi (81.25%), Lutzomyia whitmani (13.88%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (2.62%). The sand fly density was not significantly correlated with the variation of environmental factors. The prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the neighborhoods studied was 26.82% and it was found that areas with high density of vectors coincided with areas of high prevalence of dogs and those with the highest rates of human cases. The study of vectors and other potential hosts are essential for a good understanding of visceral leishmaniasis and the related public health concerns, aiming at the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area of Mato Grosso, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Mahyumi Fujimori ◽  
Arleana Do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Álvaro Felipe Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Luciano Nakazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endemic Areas

Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic and severe disease of great interest to global public health. In Brazil, the main species causing visceral leishmaniasis is Leishmania chagasi [syn. Leishmania infantum], which is transmitted by sandflies of the species Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. This study aimed to determine the risk factors and prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs residing in endemic areas of the municipality of Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso.Material, Methods & Results: The study was conducted in the Várzea Grande neighbourhoods Jardim Eldorado, Parque Sabiá and São Mateus, which are located in the Brazilian Cerrado region and are endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. The Várzea Grande is a mostly commercial and industrial municipality and relies on subsistence farming. To describe the general characteristics of the dog population and housing environment, an interview was carried out with the dog owners in each household. This interview addressed local demographics and the identification of dogs to establish epidemiological aspects of canine illness and risk factors for infection. The dogs were examined and physically restrained for blood collection by jugular venipuncture. For serological testing, a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used. A Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to identify associations between independent variables and the seroprevalence of dogs with anti-Leishmania antibodies. It were collected blood from 521 animals, including 160 belonging to Jardim Eldorado, 129 to Parque Sabiá and 232 to São Mateus. Of these animals, 120 were reactive by ELISA, with a prevalence of 23.0%. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) according to gender, age, racial definition, origin, time with family, presence of ectoparasites, or the presence of people with skin wounds at home or on other pets. The major risk factor for canine infection was fur length; dogs with short fur were 2.2 times more likely to be infected than dogs with long fur.Discussion: The prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas was found to be similar to studies in Cuiaba, a city in Várzea Grande, which also included neighbourhoods endemic for visceral leishmaniasis as study areas. Other studies have shown prevalence rates that differ from those found in this study. This difference may either be because the neighbourhoods in this study had already experienced outbreaks of the disease or because serum samples were cross-reactive with other trypanosomatids. While infection was more readily detected in dogs with clinical signs, asymptomatic dogs with anti-Leishmania antibodies were found in greater numbers, which is consistent with the literature. Hair length was the only factor associated with canine leishmaniasis in this study; short-haired animals were most at risk of contracting the disease because they had more skin exposure to sandflies during blood feeding. In conclusion, endemic districts of Várzea Grande had high prevalence rates of canine visceral leishmaniasis, and a short length coat was associated with infection.

scholarly journals Natural canine infection by Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis and their implications for disease control

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia da Cruz Sanches ◽  
Cleber Costa de Martini ◽  
Alex Akira Nakamura ◽  
Maria Emília Bodini Santiago ◽  
Beatriz Dolabela de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem worldwide. Because Leishmania can adapt to new hosts or vectors, knowledge concerning the current etiological agent in dogs is important in endemic areas. This study aimed to identify the Leishmania species detected in 103 samples of peripheral blood from dogs that were naturally infected with these protozoa. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was determined through parasitological examination, the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Leishmania species were identified by means of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The samples were subjected to PCR using oligonucleotide primers that amplify the intergenic region ITS1 of the rRNA gene in order to identify the species. The amplified DNA was digested using the restriction enzyme HaeIII. A restriction profile identical to L. amazonensis was shown in 77/103 samples and the profile was similar to L. infantum in 17/103. However, a mixed profile was shown in 9/103 samples, which impeded species identification. In conclusion, the infection in these dogs was predominantly due to L. amazonensis, thus indicating that diagnosing of cases of canine leishmaniasis needs to be reexamined, since the causative agent identified is not restricted to L. infantum.

scholarly journals Characterization of polymorphisms of genes ADH2, ADH3, ALDH2 and CYP2E1 and relationship to the alcoholism in a Colombian population

2015 ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Méndez ◽  
Mauricio Rey
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Populations

Objective: Identify and characterize polymorphisms of genes ADH2, ADH3, ALDH2 and CYP2E1 in a Colombian population residing in the city of Bogotá and determine its possible relationship to the alcoholism. Methods: ADH2, ADH3, ALDH2, and CYP2E1 genotypes a population of 148 individuals with non-problematic alcohol and 65 individuals with alcoholism were determined with TaqMan probes and PCR-RFLP. DNA was obtained from peripheral blood white cells. Results: Significant difference was found in family history of alcoholism and use of other psychoactive substances to compare alcoholics with controls. When allelic frequencies for each category (gender) were considered, frequency of A2 allele carriers in ADH2 was found higher in male patients than controls. In women, the relative frequency for c1 allele in CYP2E1 was lower in controls than alcoholics. The ALDH2 locus is monomorphic. No significant differences in allele distributions of the loci examined to compare two populations were observed, however when stratifying the same trend was found that these differences tended to be significant. Conclusions: This study allows us to conclude the positive association between family history of alcoholism and alcoholism suggesting that there is a favourable hereditary predisposition. Since substance dependence requires interaction of multiple genes, the combination of genotypes ADH2 * 2, CYP2E1 * 1 combined with genotype homozygous ALDH2 * 1 found in this study could be leading to the population to a potential risk to alcoholism.

PCR-RFLP Detection od PAI-2 Gene Variants: Prevelence in Ethnic Groups and Disease Relationship in patients Undergoing corony Angiography

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0955-0958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A Foy ◽  
Peter J Grant
Keyword(s):  
Gene Variants ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Rflp Assay ◽  
Coronary Atheroma

SummaryPAI-2 is a fibrinolytic inhibitor produced predominantly by monocytes. Most PAI-2 is intracellular making study in clinical conditions difficult. Abnormalities in production may be associated with inflammation and fibrinolysis at sites of tissue damage such as the atherosclerotic plaque.PAI-2 gene variants have been described: variant A consists of Asn120, Asn404 and Ser413 and variant B consists of Asp120, Lys404 and Cys413. We designed a PCR-RFLP assay using primers spanning the region containing Asn/Lys404 and Ser/Cys413. Variant B contains an Mwol restriction site. We analysed 302 Pima Indians and 286 healthy Caucasian volunteers. To investigate relationships between genotype and vascular disease we analysed 333 Caucasian patients undergoing coronary angiography.Gene variant B was more common in the Pimas than in Caucasians (p <0.0001). There was no significant difference in genotype distribution between the volunteers and patients. In the patients there was no association between genotype and either a history of MI or extent of coronary atheroma.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

Association of CYP2D6*10 (c. 100 C>T) Genotype with Z-END Concentration in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Tamoxifen Therapy in Indonesian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenny ◽  
Sonar S. Panigoro ◽  
Denni J. Purwanto ◽  
Adi Hidayat ◽  
Melva Louisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a frequently used hormonal prodrug for patients with breast cancer that needs to be activated by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) into Zusammen-endoxifen (Z-END). Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) genotype and attainment of the plasma steady-state Z-END minimal threshold concentration (MTC) in Indonesian women with breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 125 ambulatory patients with breast cancer consuming TAM at 20 mg/day for at least 4 months. The frequency distribution of CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) genotypes (C/C: wild type; C/T: heterozygous mutant; T/T: homozygous mutant) was detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), the results of which were subsequently confirmed by sequencing. The genotypes were categorized into plasma Z- END concentrations of <5.9 ng/mL and ≥5.9 ng/mL, which were measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results: Percentages of C/C, CT, and T/T genotypes were 22.4%, 29.6%, and 48.8%, respectively. Median (25-75%) Z-END concentrations in C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes were 9.58 (0.7-6.0), 9.86 (0.7-26.6), and 3.76 (0.9-26.6) ng/mL, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in median Z-END concentration between patients with T/T genotype and those with C/C or C/T genotypes (p<0.001). There was a significant association between CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) genotypes and attainment of plasma steady-state Z-END MTC (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant association between CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) and attainment of plasma steady-state Z-END MTC in Indonesian breast cancer patients receiving TAM at a dose of 20 mg/day.

Polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing genes ADH2 and ADH3 and susceptibility to pancreatitis in alcoholics

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 5297
Author(s):  
Vedangi Aaren* ◽  
Godi Sudhakar ◽  
Girinadh L.R.S.
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Acute And Chronic Pancreatitis

In both developed and developing countries, overuse of alcohol is a considered as the major cause of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Prolonged overconsumption of alcohol for 5–10 years typically precedes the initial attack of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. It is observed that only a minority (around 5%) of alcoholics develop pancreatitis. It is now established that the pancreas has the capacity to metabolize ethanol. Previous studies have shown that there are two major pathways of ethanol metabolism, oxidative and non-oxidative. Oxidative ethanol metabolism involves the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a reaction that is catalysed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH) with contributions from cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP2E1) and possibly also catalase. Genetic factors regulating alcohol metabolism could predispose in developing alcoholic pancreatitis (AP). We investigated the association of polymorphisms in ADH enzymes with the alcoholic pancreatitis in North coastal Andhra Pradesh. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (AP; n = 100), alcoholic controls (AC; n = 100), and healthy controls (HC; n = 100) were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from the subjects in EDTA coated vials. DNA was extracted and genotyping for ADH2 and ADH3 was done by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism). The products were analysed by gel electrophoresis. The frequency distribution of ADH3*1/*1 genotype was significantly higher in AP group (54%) compared with AC (35%), and HC (42%), and was found to be associated with increased risk of alcoholic pancreatitis. There was no statistically significant difference between the frequency distribution of ADH3*1/*1, ADH3*1/*2, and ADH3*2/*2 genotypes between AC and HC. There was no statistically significant difference between the frequency distribution of ADH2*1/*1, ADH2*1/*2, and ADH2*2/*2 genotypes in AP compared with AC and HC. This study shows that carriers of ADH3*1/*1 individuals consuming alcohol are at higher risk for alcoholic pancreatitis than those with other genotypes such as ADH3*1/*2 and ADH3*2/*2. 

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