scholarly journals TEMPORARY SERIES OF HEAT SOURCES IN MESOREGIONS OF PARAÍBA, BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Danilo Brito Novais ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro Souto ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
José Augusto Da Silva Santana
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

The management of fire is a set of decisions directed to practices of prevention, verification and control of this agent that can modify the landscape. Remote sensing helps in understanding the phenomena that occur on the earth's surface. This work had the objective of analyzing the occurrences of heat sources recorded by satellites in the State of Paraíba (2000 – 2015). The occurrences of heat sources were selected by months of the year making it possible to visualize the frequency of heat sources in different locations. It is observable that the years with the highest number of heat sources in Paraíba were 2003, 2004 and 2009. In the six municipalities studied, 3.712 heat sources were recorded, with Cajazeiras municipality having the highest number of records (2.253 occurrences). It is concluded that the highest occurrence of heat sources inthe studied regions runs from September to December, where the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion was the one with the highest incidence of heat sources, being the most affected by fire. It is recommended, thus,the implementation of awareness programs that inform the citizens of rural and urban areas about the importance of adequate fire management in order to reduce heat sources in the region.

The Political Economy of Rural-Urban Conflict

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Topher L. McDougal
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Hierarchical Networks ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

In some cases of insurgency, the combat frontier is contested and erratic, as rebels target cities as their economic prey. In other cases, it is tidy and stable, seemingly representing an equilibrium in which cities are effectively protected from violent non-state actors. What factors account for these differences in the interface urban-based states and rural-based challengers? To explore this question, this book examines two regions representing two dramatically different outcomes. In West Africa (Liberia and Sierra Leone), capital cities became economic targets for rebels, who posed dire threats to the survival of the state. In Maoist India, despite an insurgent ideology aiming to overthrow the state via a strategy of progressive city capture, the combat frontier effectively firewalls cities from Maoist violence. This book argues that trade networks underpinning the economic relationship between rural and urban areas—termed “interstitial economies”—may differ dramatically in their impact on (and response to) the combat frontier. It explains rebel predatory tendencies toward cities as a function of transport networks allowing monopoly profits to be made by urban-based traders. It explains combat frontier delineation as a function of the social structure of the trade networks: hierarchical networks permit elite–elite bargains that cohere the frontier. These factors represent what might be termed respectively the “hardware” and “software” of the rural–urban economic relationship. Of interest to any student of political economy and violence, this book presents new arguments and insights about the relationships between violence and the economy, predation and production, core and periphery.

scholarly journals Times of Continuity and Development. Visions of the Future among Agro-Pastoral Children and Young People in Southern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Maurus
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

This article explores how children and young people from agro-pastoral societies in southern Ethiopia imagine their future. Children and young people who have not been going to school, as well as students in rural and urban areas, imagine their future differently. Their visions of the future can be located on a continuum between a future life as agro-pastoralists on the one end, and life in town with a job as an employee on the other. Where a person’s vision is located on this continuum depends on the influences he or she has experienced from school and town life. My analysis shows how, through the influence of schooling, young people’s concept of time shifts from a cyclical one, concentrated on the reproduction of the social world, towards a linear one, focused on personal and “national” development.

scholarly journals Integration through Land Improvement

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Daniel Burkhard
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Colonization

Internal colonization in Switzerland is often seen in connection with the battle for cultivation in the Second World War, but the history of internal colonization in Switzerland is more complex. The food crisis in the First World War formed the horizon of experience for various actors from industry, consumer protection, the urban population and agriculture to start considering practical strategies for managing agricultural production. In this way, traditional spaces, such as rural and urban areas and economic roles, such as food producer, consumer and trader, overlapped and were newly conceived to some extent: people started thinking about utopias and how a modern society could be designed to be harmonious and resistant to crisis. The aim of this article is to trace some of the key points in this process for the interwar years in neutral Switzerland. In the process, the focus must be on the context of people’s mentalities in the past, although the relationships between the actors of internal colonization and the state also need to be considered. Internal colonization in Switzerland in the twentieth century can be understood as an open process. In principle, the project was driven by private actors, but in times of crisis, the project was claimed by the state as a possible tool for social and economic intervention. In addition, as a result of the planned dissolution of urban and rural spaces, it will be shown that modern societies in the interwar period were on an existential search to overcome the problems of the modern age. Internal colonization can therefore be seen as an attempt to find a third way between a world characterized by an agrarian society and a modern industrial nation.

E-governance: Learning from Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-429
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Vaddiraju ◽  
S. Manasi
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Way

The technological changes of the 20th and 21st centuries, the growth of computer technologies, digital technologies and telecommunications have changed the way the state conducts its functions and delivers governance. Whether or not they have improved the welfare function of the state, the way governance is delivered has been altered. In this article, we discuss the application of electronic governance (e-governance) in Karnataka with the help of three case studies. We discuss the cases of land records management in rural and urban areas and initiatives in Bengaluru traffic management. The case studies indicate that e-governance improves service delivery and that there are points to be gleaned from the successful implementation of the same in Karnataka. Finally, we argue that while there is necessity for optimism regarding the application of technology in service-delivery functions, the overall digitisation of economy may be something qualitatively different.

Human Development in Gujarat: Evidence from 2011 Population Census

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aalok Ranjan Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ward Level ◽  
The Village

This article uses the data available from the 2011 population census to construct the human development index (HDI) right up to the village and municipal ward level in Gujarat. The analysis reveals that the human progress in the state and in its constituent districts, sub-districts, towns and villages has largely been average to low, and strong residence and social class inequalities in human development continue to persist. The human development scenario is contrastingly different in rural and urban areas of the state. There is, however, a substantial proportion of municipal wards within towns where human development appears to be low or very low. The analysis also suggests very strong residence and social class effects on human development in the state. It also appears that human progress in the state has stagnated at average levels during the last decade. Despite the fact that there is still substantial scope for human progress. There is a need to reinvigorate human development efforts in the state.

scholarly journals HYPERTENSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Nasim Ilyas ◽  
Kashif Rahim ◽  
Azka Waqar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Hypertension is a common term to define a state of raised blood pressure, and theraised blood pressure is 140 mm Hg mean systolic blood pressure of and mean diastolic bloodpressure of at least 90 mm Hg. Objectives: To assess awareness about Hypertension amongpatients attending Medical OPD at THQ Hospital Hassan Abdal. Materials and Methods: A totalof 150 male, female patients belonging to both rural and urban areas attending Medical OutPatient Department at THQ Hospital Hassan Abdal using a self constructed mixed questionnaire(In English and Urdu). Results: Following findings were observed among patients attendingTHQ hospital, Hassan Abdal: Family history of HTN was found to be 49% and 26% was unawareof family history of HTN. 33% found to have diabetes, 38% were unaware of having or not.29.3% found to have HTN, 48.6% were unaware of having HTN or not. 34% of hypertensivepatients showed compliance to the anti-hypertensive treatment while (66%) showed noncompliance.60.6%, 78%, 62%, 74%, 68% considered the obesity, lack of exercise, cigarettesmoking, anxiety and high cholesterol respectively as causative factor of HTN. Excessive intakeof salt was considered by 56% as causative factor of HTN. 29% considered diabetes Mellitus ascausative factor of HTN. 42%, 31%, 46% and 34% considered the cardiac disease, renal failure,brain hemorrhage and loss vision respectively as complication of HTN. Stroke was consideredcomplication by (54%). 55%, 65%, 53% and 58% considered the regular exercise reduced saltintake, no smoking and keeping weight under-Control respectively as preventive measures ofHTN. Less than half of the respondents considered frequent use of vegetables, excessive intakeof sweets, as the preventive measures of HTN. Conclusions: The assessment of awarenessabout Hypertension among population of various areas can be beneficial in effective planningfor disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Determinants of Preferences for Advertisement and Communication in the Promotion of Anti-Malaria Products in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabiru K. Salami ◽  
Chinwe M. Onuegbu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
And Control

One of the strategies for promoting malaria prevention and control globally is advertisement of anti-malaria products. This study was designed to determine users’ preferences for style of advertisement and communication of anti-malaria products in Ibadan. Data collection involved twelve Key Informant Interviews and 500 copies of a questionnaire. Radio was the most preferred and most accessible medium of advert in both rural and urban areas. A large majority (86.4%) of rural dwellers preferred advertisements in form of speeches, house-to-house campaigns, face-to-face counselling and rallies. Whereas, advertisement in forms of drama (44.0%) and music (16.0%) were preferred by the urban dwellers. Results show that advertisements and communication programs on anti-malaria products do not relay messages on drug reaction and its treatment, and cost of anti-malaria products. Hence, advertisements and communicative programmes for controlling malaria would be more effective if the social and environmental factors influencing preferences for advertisement are put into consideration.

scholarly journals Social mixing patterns in rural and urban areas of southern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1785) ◽  
pp. 20140268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Read ◽  
Justin Lessler ◽  
Steven Riley ◽  
Shuying Wang ◽  
Li Jiu Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
And Control

A dense population, global connectivity and frequent human–animal interaction give southern China an important role in the spread and emergence of infectious disease. However, patterns of person-to-person contact relevant to the spread of directly transmitted infections such as influenza remain poorly quantified in the region. We conducted a household-based survey of travel and contact patterns among urban and rural populations of Guangdong, China. We measured the character and distance from home of social encounters made by 1821 individuals. Most individuals reported 5–10 h of contact with around 10 individuals each day; however, both distributions have long tails. The distribution of distance from home at which contacts were made is similar: most were within a kilometre of the participant's home, while some occurred further than 500 km away. Compared with younger individuals, older individuals made fewer contacts which tended to be closer to home. There was strong assortativity in age-based contact rates. We found no difference between the total number or duration of contacts between urban and rural participants, but urban participants tended to make contacts closer to home. These results can improve mathematical models of infectious disease emergence, spread and control in southern China and throughout the region.

Lack of Economic Opportunities and Persistence of Child Marriage in West Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepita Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Women And Girls

West Bengal (WB) ranks high among the 15 major states of India, where there is still a disturbing persistence of underage marriage among girls, leading to early motherhood as a consequence. The article explores the reasons for this in the context of social and economic conditions in the state. The article argues that more than poverty and illiteracy, the unavailability of new employment opportunities for women and girls in the rural and urban areas of the state explains why parents do not have the incentive to invest in more schooling or the higher education of their daughters. The article is mainly based on secondary data with occasional references to some primary evidence from a recent survey done by the author.

So why is Uttar Pradesh still poor? Poverty incidence and its correlates

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2351-2377
Author(s):  
Akarsh Arora ◽  
S.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socially Excluded

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the regional profile of poverty in Uttar Pradesh, one of the most populated and impoverished states of India. It also identifies the factors underlying the inter-regional differences of poverty in the state. Design/methodology/approach Regional estimates have been evaluated by dividing the state into four economically classified regions (Western, Central, Southern, and Eastern), using the unit-level records of two latest available Consumption Expenditure Surveys of NSSO representing the period 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. Poverty has been defined by the latest available Rangarajan Expert Groups’ poverty line and aggregated in terms of headcount ratio and share of below poverty line population. Furthermore, to investigate the correlates of poverty, a survey-based logistic regression has been estimated specifically for each region and for both rural and urban areas. Findings Estimates reveal that though overall poverty in the state has declined, inter-regional poverty trends witness rise in the level of impoverishment particularly in urban Southern Region (SR), rural Eastern Region (ER), and in both rural and urban areas of Central Region. Nevertheless, the inter-regional disparity in poverty has observed a decline; it can further be eliminated if such high poverty reduction in urban ER and rural SR is sustained along with a similar progress in their impoverished counterparts. Originality/value The study recommends that poverty alleviating policies in the state should focus more on reducing the household size, development of socially excluded sub-groups (Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes), delivery of basic facilities (education and health care), and enhancement of employment prospects for casual laborers, with special emphasis on identified impoverished regions.

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