scholarly journals ENERGETIC POTENTIAL OF Phyllostachys bambusoides AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF BIOMASS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Ailton Leonel Balduino Junior ◽  
Gustavo Friederichs ◽  
Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Phyllostachys Bambusoides ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Made In

In Brazil, Phyllostachys bambusoides has been used for the manufacture of laminated bamboo products and landscaping. However, studies of its energy quality are rare. Thus, this study aimed to determine the energetic quality of Phyllostachys bambusoides for the use of stems in the fresh form (chips) for direct burning, as charcoal and as briquettes. Its energy potential was also determined by mass and energy balance for each solid biofuel (chips, briquettes, and charcoal). The analyzes were carried out on five individuals (shoots) at 3 years of age, collected at experimental plantations in Frei Rogério, SC. In the stems the newly collected moisture was determined; specific gravity; chemical composition; immediate analysis and higher calorific value. In laboratory charcoal, gravimetric yield, apparent relative density, immediate analysis, and higher calorific value were determined. The briquettes, made in the laboratory, were evaluated through their apparent density and compressive strength. For the stems, charcoal, and briquettes the energy density was calculated and a flowchart composed of the mass balance was calculated and the thermal energy production potential for each 100 kg of biomass used in the production of each biofuel analyzed was calculated. The energy density of stems (1.87 Gcal.m-3), charcoal (2.60 Gcal.m-3), and briquettes (4.68 Gcal.m-3) varied significantly. The highest useful energy potential can be obtained from briquettes (0.304 Gcal), charcoal (0.184 Gcal) followed by stems (0.168 Gcal) for each 100 kg of bamboo harvested with a mean moisture content of 35%.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF SOLID BIOFUEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Juraj Beniak ◽  
Ľubomír Šooš
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Moisture Expansion ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Physical Changes

The moisture content of densified biomass is a limit parameter influencing the quality of the solid biofuel. It influences its calorific value, density, mechanical strength and dimensional stability as well as the production process of this biofuel. The paper deals with the experimental research of the effect of moisture content of densified material on the final quality of biofuel in the form of logs. Experiments based on the single-axis densification of spruce sawdust were realized by hydraulic piston press, where the densified logs were produced under room temperature. The effect of moisture content on the quality properties of the logs, including density, change of moisture, expansion and physical changes, were studied. The results show the necessary moisture ranges for producing good-quality logs. The experiments were evaluated and the moisture content of the tested material was optimized to achieve the optimum value for the best quality of the solid biofuel.

Physicochemical, nutritional and sensory qualities of salted Philippine mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos L.) eggs

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
L.E. Mopera ◽  
P.M. Saludo ◽  
F.P. Flores ◽  
B.R.R. Oliveros ◽  
W.T. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Salted Duck Eggs ◽  
Made In

Diet diversification as well as a sustainable supply of the raw materials for utilization in processing salted eggs leads to an increase in the demand and consumption of salted duck eggs in the Philippines. In this study, the physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of salted duck eggs made in the laboratory were evaluated. Physicochemical properties revealed that the sample collected registered a pH and water activity of 7.1 and 0.88, respectively. In addition, the samples showed a total colour difference of 15.01 using the Hunter scale system. The samples exhibited an average of 1.03% salt content. Furthermore, proximate composition, mineral and fatty acid analyses of samples proved that a considerable amount of these nutrients were present in salted duck eggs that were analysed. Protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fibre and ash content were 11.49, 10.15, 3.54, 1.07 and 1.01%, respectively. On the other hand, minerals such as phosphorus, potassium and calcium were recorded at 4.46, 3.92 and 3.61 mg/100 g, respectively. In general, the major fatty acids found in the samples were oleic acid (C18:1), myristic acid (C14:0) and linolenic acid (C18:2). Sensory evaluation revealed that flavour was regarded by the panellist as a major consideration in evaluating the quality of salted duck eggs. This study proved that salted duck eggs have nutritional and quality characteristics that can be considered as an alternative source of protein, fat and minerals for human consumption.

scholarly journals Growth, biomass, and energy quality of Acacia mangium timber grown at different spacings

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Tonini ◽  
Dalton Roberto Schwengber ◽  
Marina Moura Morales ◽  
Ciro Augusto de Souza Magalhães ◽  
Jane Maria Franco de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Rotation Age

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the effect of spacing on the growth, biomass allocation, and wood quality for energy purposes of Acacia magium. A randomized complete block design was carried out with three replicates and five treatments consisting of trees planted at different spacings: 2.0x2.0, 2.5x2.5, 3.0x2.0, 3.0x2.5, and 3.0x3.0 m. At 67 months after planting, the following species parameters were evaluated: performance (mortality, diameter growth, height, bark factor, and bark and biomass volume yield) and wood energy quality (basic density, higher-calorific value, ash, fixed carbon, and volatile materials) through the analysis of variance. Plant spacing did not affect volume and biomass production per hectare nor wood quality for energy purposes. The widest spacing (3.0x3.0 m) provides better individual growth, and the narrowest one (2.0x2.0 m) produces smaller trees, but with the highest percentage of dry biomass in the trunk, and can show the best energy potential at a rotation age from 40 to 50 months.

scholarly journals The effect of adding rice straw charcoal to the processing of bio-pellet from cacao pod husk

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Retno Damayanti ◽  
Sandra Sandra ◽  
Novita Riski Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk

Cacao pod husk and rice straw charcoal are potentially transformed into bio-pellet because of their high calorific value. Cocoa pod husk and rice straw charcoal has a calorific value of 4974.837 cal/g and 3569.837 cal/g, respectively. This research aimed to identify the effect of variations in particle size and in the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal on the calorific value of bio-pellet. Randomized block design factorial were employed in this study with factor of the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal and cacao pod husk (i.e. 0%:100%, 20% : 80%, 40% : 60%) and the particle size (i.e. 20, 40, 60 and 80 mesh). The results showed that rice straw charcoal addition resulted bio-pellet with the calorific value of 4111.93 – 4706.57 cal/g, and fulfill the SNI of bio-pellet (SNI 8021-2014). The treatment with addition of 100% cocoa pod husk and 80 mesh particle size generated the superior quality of bio-pellet. The findings confirmed that addition of rice straw charcoal did not enhance the energy potential (i.e. calorific value) of the bio-pellets, hence it is unfavourable option.

scholarly journals ENERGY DENSITY MODEL FOR FOREST SPECIES FROM CERRADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS JOSÉ DA SILVA ◽  
AILTON TEIXEIRA DO VALE
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Immediate Analysis

ABSTRACT Wood is the main source of energy in the energy matrix of underdeveloped countries, in addition to having a significant participation in developing countries, ranking fourth in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to determine a model for determining the energy density of forest species from the Cerrado. Samples of trunks and branches were collected from 34 forest species in an area of 10.15 ha located in the Cerrado region aiming for immediate analysis, i.e. the contents of ashes (ASH), volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), and higher calorific value (HCV). Data from dry and saturated mass were obtained in order to determine the basic density. The species presented values of VM ranging from 77 to 85.5%, ASH from 0 to 1%, FC from 14 to 23%, and HCV ranging from 18,282 to 20,121 GJ ton-1. A significant relationship was found between VM and FC (R2 = 0.9927) whereas no significant values were found between HCV and basic density. The average value of energy density considering the 34 species was 12,459 Mcal m-3. The estimated energy density of the area was 1,378,541 Mcal ha-1. The proposed model for calculating the energy density as a function of basic density favors energy surveys of areas to be explored since there is no need for calorific value analysis.

scholarly journals Sustainable Thermal Energy Generation at Universities by Using Loquat Seeds as Biofuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro ◽  
Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo ◽  
Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Indoor Swimming Pool ◽  
The University

Global energy consumption has increased the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), these being the main cause of global warming. Within renewable energies, bioenergy has undergone a great development in recent years. This is due to its carbon neutral balance and the fact that bioenergy can be obtained from a range of biomass resources, including residues from forestry, agricultural or livestock industries, the rapid rotation of forest plantations, the development of energy crops, organic matter from urban solid waste, and other sources of organic waste from agro-food industries. Processing factories that use loquats to make products such as liqueurs and jams generate large amounts of waste mainly in the form of skin and stones or seeds. These wastes are disposed of and sent to landfills without making environmentally sustainable use of them. The University of Almeria Sports Centre is made up of indoor spaces in which different sports can be practiced: sports centre pavilion (central court and two lateral courts), rocodrome, fitness room, cycle inner room, and indoor swimming pool. At present, the indoor swimming pool of the University of Almeria (UAL) has two fuel oil boilers, with a nominal power of 267 kW. The main objective of this study is to propose an energetic analysis to determine, on the one hand, the energetic properties of the loquat seed and, on the other hand, to evaluate its suitability to be used as a solid biofuel to feed the boilers of the heated swimming pool of the University of Almeria (Spain), highlighting the significant energy and environmental savings obtained. Results show that the higher calorific value of loquat seed (17.205 MJ/kg), is like other industrial wastes such as wheat straw, or pistachio shell, which demonstrates the energy potential of this residual biomass. In addition, the change of the fuel oil boiler to a biomass (loquat seed) boiler in the UAL’s indoor swimming pool means a reduction of 147,973.8 kg of CO2 in emissions into the atmosphere and an annual saving of 35,739.5 €, which means a saving of 72.78% with respect to the previous fuel oil installation. A sensitivity analysis shows that fuel cost of base case is the variable with the most sensitivity changing the initial cost and net present value (NPV).

scholarly journals BRIQUETTES QUALITY PRODUCED WITH THE MACAUBA EPICARP (Acrocomia aculeata) AND Pinus sp. WOOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Esther de Lima Costa ◽  
Rosimeire Cavalcante dos Santos ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
Ana Flávia Neves Mendes Castro ◽  
Mateus Alves de Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Different Parts

ABSTRACT The macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm-seed-oil producing tree of great economic value for its high productivity, and the broad range of possible uses for the different parts of the plant. This palm is one of the most promising species for the production of biodiesel, however, its use generates large amounts of waste. The aim of this work is to produce and evaluate the quality of briquettes made from the epicarp of the macaúba palm, in association with the waste of the Pinus sp. For the characterization of the residues, the following analyses were carried out: bulk density, immediate chemical composition, and higher calorific value. Different treatments were adopted in the production of the briquettes, namely: T1 (100% macaúba palm), T2 (75% macaúba palm + 25% pine), T3 (50% macaúba palm + 50% pine), T4 (25% macaúba palm + 75% pine) and T5 (100% pine). The briquettes were produced at a pressure of 1000 PSI, and at a temperature of 120-130 ºC, press and cooling times of 5 minutes, and an average humidity of 9.88% for the macaúba palm and 8.00% for the Pinus. In order to qualify the briquettes’ dimensions, the following were evaluated: apparent density, rupture load, lower calorific value, useful calorific value and energy density. In general, mixing at least 50% macaúba epicarp is recommended to produce briquettes, as this material provides increased strength and energy density to the product.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIALITY OF THE ENERGY GENERATION FROM SLAUGHTERHOUSE SLUDGE AND WOOD SAWDUST

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
K. M. da S. MENEZES ◽  
C. P. PRADOS ◽  
K. S. L. de FIGUEREDO
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Calorific Power ◽  
The City

The use of waste for energy production through processes like pyrolysis, combustion and oil extraction is a sustainable solution to serious environmental problems like centralization of the energy matrix in nonrenewable materials and pollutants and the volume of urban solid waste. In this context, this work aimed to analyze the energy potential of two solid waste biomasses: municipal slaughter sludge and wood sawdust generated in the city of Gurupi –TO. Were evaluated the contents of humidity, volatile content, ash, fixed carbon through the immediate analysis and upper (PCS) and lower (PCI) calorific value were evaluated for all samples collected. In the immediate analysis it was found that the sludge sample had higher ash content than the sawdust and both had high volatile contents. The sawdust presented higher calorific power (4882 cal kg-1) than the sludge (3952.5 cal kg-1), but the process of obtaining energy from the sludge requires less heat. It can also be concluded that both materials present viable alternatives for obtaining energy.

scholarly journals Assessment of the energy potential as a solid biofuel of Sargassum spp. considering sustainability indicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
C A Ávalos-Betancourt ◽  
L B López-Sosa ◽  
M Morales-Máximo ◽  
A Aguilera-Mandujano ◽  
J C Corral-Huacuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Abstract The present study evaluates the potential use of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel. Massive landings of these brown algae across the Atlantic have produced ecologic and economic problems since 2011. Sargassum biomass valorization could compensate for economic losses and reduce environmental impacts. The production of biofuels could be one of its applications. This research consists of two stages: (a) the physical-energy characterization: morphology, humidity, ash, volatiles, and calorific value, and (b) an estimate of the energy potential of these algae, considering their removal from 600 kilometers of coastline along the Mexican Caribbean coast. An analysis of sustainability indicators considering socioeconomic aspects shows the benefits of using this resource in comparison with other types of low-cost biofuels that produce low environmental impact. The results show the pertinence of using Sargassum spp. as an alternative energy resource with low cost, low environmental impact, high accessibility, and added value for localities along the Mexican Caribbean.

Reuse of Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry Pilot and Full Scale Applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eroǧlu ◽  
A. M. Saatçi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Made In

Recent advances made in the reuse of pulp and paper industry sludges in hardboard production are explained. Data obtained from pilot and full-scale plants using primary sludge of a pulp and paper industry as an additive in the production of hardboard is presented. An economic analysis of the reuse of pulp and paper primary sludge in hardboard manufacturing is given. The quality of the hardboard produced is tested and compared with the qualities of the hardboard produced by the same plant before the addition of primary sludge. The hardboard with primary sludge additive has been used in Turkey for about a year in the manufacturing of office and home furniture. The results are very satisfactory when the primary sludge is used at 1/4 ratio.

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