scholarly journals Assessment of the energy potential as a solid biofuel of Sargassum spp. considering sustainability indicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
C A Ávalos-Betancourt ◽  
L B López-Sosa ◽  
M Morales-Máximo ◽  
A Aguilera-Mandujano ◽  
J C Corral-Huacuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Abstract The present study evaluates the potential use of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel. Massive landings of these brown algae across the Atlantic have produced ecologic and economic problems since 2011. Sargassum biomass valorization could compensate for economic losses and reduce environmental impacts. The production of biofuels could be one of its applications. This research consists of two stages: (a) the physical-energy characterization: morphology, humidity, ash, volatiles, and calorific value, and (b) an estimate of the energy potential of these algae, considering their removal from 600 kilometers of coastline along the Mexican Caribbean coast. An analysis of sustainability indicators considering socioeconomic aspects shows the benefits of using this resource in comparison with other types of low-cost biofuels that produce low environmental impact. The results show the pertinence of using Sargassum spp. as an alternative energy resource with low cost, low environmental impact, high accessibility, and added value for localities along the Mexican Caribbean.

VALUE INCREASING OF REJECT COAL WITH BIOMASS ADDING AS BIO-COAL BRIQUETTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Dyah Marganingrum ◽  
Lenny Marilyn Estiaty
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
Strategic Solution ◽  
Index Value

Aim: This paper aims to explain the added value increasing method of reject coal which has not utilized by the company. Methodology and Results: The method to increase added value in this study used the agglomeration process of briquettes form that changing composition by adding biomass. The biomass functions to minimize bottom ash produced from burning briquettes so that the briquettes burn entirely. Stages processes in this study consist of characterization, briquetting, physical test, and chemical test. Based on the analysis, reject coal still has a high calorific value of 5,929 cal/gr. Shapes and sizes that were not following needs of coal market or consumer due to reject coal to be a waste. Briquettes have been successfully produced and meet specification requirements based on applicable regulations in Indonesia. Besides physical properties, the briquette meet density requirements which are greater than or equal to 1 gr/cm3 and shatter index value is less than 0.5%. The gas emission test shows below threshold, which is CO 0-30 ppm, H2S 0-3.6 ppm, and NOx is not detected. After evaluation, it showed that by adding 30% biomass, ignition time could be decreased and remaining unburned briquettes or bottom ash was reduced as much as 68.68%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The bio-coal briquettes is a strategic solution to environmental problems and alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly, because CO and H2S emissions are still below the threshold, even for NOx not detected. Making Bio-coal briquettes as a solution to the utilization of reject coal mining waste to be used as an alternative energy source has been successfully carried out.

Briquettes from Tobacco Stems as the New Alternative Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okta Prima Indahsari
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Term ◽  
Physical Laboratory

Tobacco briquettes is the new alternative energy developed in PTPerkebunan Nusantara X (PTPN X). The tobacco briquettes research isimportant for PTPN X because of three reasons: high availability of theraw material, it can be used as substitution for coal briquettes, andexpected for industrial scale. Currently, many researches have beenconducted for biomass-briquettes but only few who used tobacco. PTPN Xhave been cultivated tobacco only for its leaves which latter used for cigarand the rests were thrown as waste. By conducting the tobacco briquettesresearch, many forms of utilization are expected. For short term, the aimof this research is generating a diversification of added value - producfrom tobacco. For middle term, PTPN X is expected to be the role modelfor the tobacco growers. For long term, PTPN Xl’s goal is to decreasecoal briquettes usage and break the negative stigma of tobacco.Briquetting process was conducted in Physical Laboratory of TobaccoResearch of Jember and the observation located in Tobacco ProcessingBarn of Ajong Gayasan PTPN X. Analysis of proximate test showed thatthe moisture content of tobacco briquettes with cassava starch as adhesivewas 8.00 to 8.97%, the volatile matter was 49.60 to 41.13%, the ashcontent was 9.93 to 7.89%, the fixed carbon was 32.47% to 42.01%, thesulphur content was 1.02 to 0.49%, the bulk density was from 0.35% to0.41%, the calorific value was from 4,285 to 4,586 cal/gr, and flammableduration was from 592 to 697 minutes. The briquetting process did notaffect the taste of leaves as cigar material.

scholarly journals A Prospective Study of the Exploitation of Pelagic Sargassum spp. as a Solid Biofuel Energy Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Bernardo López-Sosa ◽  
José Juan Alvarado-Flores ◽  
Juan Carlos Corral-Huacuz ◽  
Arturo Aguilera-Mandujano ◽  
Rosa E. Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
A Prospective Study

This study presents a prospective study for the potential exploitation of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel energy source. It was carried out in three stages. First we conducted a morphological, physical-chemical, and structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (DRX), respectively. Second we evaluated the material’s functional properties as a solid biofuel based on its calorific value and the quantification of polymeric components like hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, as well as thermogravimetric and differential analysis to study the kinetics of its pyrolysis and determine parameters like activation energy (Ea), reaction order (n), and the pre-exponential factor (Z). Third we analyzed the energetic potential considering the estimated volume of pelagic Sargassum spp. that was removed from beaches along the Mexican Caribbean coast in recent years. Results of the kinetic study indicate that Sargassum spp. has an enormous potential for use as a complement to other bioenergy sources. Other results show the high potential for exploiting these algae as an energy source due to the huge volumes that have inundated Caribbean, West African, and northern Brazil shorelines in recent years. As a solid biofuel, Sargassum spp. has a potential energy the order of 0.203 gigajoules (GJ)/m3. In the energy matrix of the residential sector in Mexico, its potential use as an energy source is comparable to the national consumption of firewood. The volume of beachcast Sargassum spp. that was removed from ~8 km of coastline around Puerto Morelos, Mexico in 2018–2019, could have generated over 40 terajoules/year of solid biofuel.

Photochemical Water Oxidation Using {PMo12O40@Mo72Fe30}n Based Soft Oxometalate

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santu Das ◽  
Soumyajit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Cycles

Finding an alternative energy resource which can produce clean energy at a low cost is one of the major concerns of our times. The conversion of light energy into chemical energy is one key step forward in the direction. With that end in view photochemical water oxidation to produce oxygen plays a crucial role. In the present paper we have synthesized a soft oxometalate {PMo[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]@Mo[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]}n(1) from its well-known precursor polyoxometalate constituent [Muller et al., Chem. Commun. 1, 657 (2001)]. It is known that in the matter of catalysis, high surface area, possibility of heterogenization, recoverability makes soft oxometalates (SOMs) attractive as catalytic materials. Here we exploit such advantages of SOMs. The SOM based material acts as an active catalyst for photochemical water oxidation reaction with a maximum turnover number of 20256 and turnover frequency of 24.11[Formula: see text]min[Formula: see text]. The catalyst material is stable under photochemical reaction conditions and therefore can be reused for multiple photo catalytic water oxidation reaction cycles.

A Review of Ignition Delay and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Qate ◽  
Majid Pourabdian ◽  
Alireza Javareshkian ◽  
Ali Farzbod
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Start Of Combustion

Increasing rate of demanding biodiesel as alternative energy resource, persuade researchers to investigate engine performance of biodiesel-fueled engines, which are highly influenced by ignition delay (ID) and combustion characteristics of such a fuel. This review article introduces a literature review on ignition delay (ID) and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel. Slightly difference between combustion characteristics of bio fueled engine and petroleum diesel one recognized as result of carried out investigations. Early start of combustion (SOC) and shorter ID of biodiesel comparing to diesel is reported by most of investigations. Lower compressibility, higher Cetane Number (CN) and fatty acid composition of biodiesel have been recognized as the principle elements of early SOC and shorter ID. It is also revealed that heat release rate (HRR) of biodiesel comparing to diesel is slightly lower because of lower calorific value, shorter ID and higher viscosity.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PEREKAT TEPUNG TAPIOKA DAN PENAMBAHAN KAPUR DALAM PEMBUATAN BRIKET ARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Julham Prasetya Pane ◽  
Erwin Junary ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Palm Fronds

The demand of renewable energy resources has been increasing. Briquette is one of the alternative energy resource which can be produced from utilization of biomass. This research aims to obtain a briquette from sugar palm frond, to obtain the effect of adhesive concentration of cassava starch and addition of lime on the quality of briquettes. This research used the batch method. Research variabels are the adhesive concentration of cassava starch in 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (w/w) and the addition of lime in 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% (w/w) based on the weight of char powder. General materials are sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) frond, cassava starch and lime, and the general tools are furnace, briquette printer, oven, moisture analyzer, universal testing machine and bomb calorimeter. Briquetting process was started with sugar palm fronds preparation then they’re carbonized at 350 oC for 2 hours. Product of carbonization as a charcoal which is added by a cassava starch adhesive and lime then they’re printed or shaped and dried to be a briquette. Analysis used is the proximate analysis of the test parameters moisture content, ash content, volatile combustion matter content, carbon content, calorific value and compressive strength. The best briquette is with adhesive concentration in 0% and addition of lime in 5% with the calorific value 6502,379 cal/g, 45,56% fixed carbon, 6,44% moisture, 18,00% ash, 30,00% volatile combustion matter and 59,141 kg/cm2 compressive strength.

scholarly journals Sustainable Thermal Energy Generation at Universities by Using Loquat Seeds as Biofuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro ◽  
Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo ◽  
Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Indoor Swimming Pool ◽  
The University

Global energy consumption has increased the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), these being the main cause of global warming. Within renewable energies, bioenergy has undergone a great development in recent years. This is due to its carbon neutral balance and the fact that bioenergy can be obtained from a range of biomass resources, including residues from forestry, agricultural or livestock industries, the rapid rotation of forest plantations, the development of energy crops, organic matter from urban solid waste, and other sources of organic waste from agro-food industries. Processing factories that use loquats to make products such as liqueurs and jams generate large amounts of waste mainly in the form of skin and stones or seeds. These wastes are disposed of and sent to landfills without making environmentally sustainable use of them. The University of Almeria Sports Centre is made up of indoor spaces in which different sports can be practiced: sports centre pavilion (central court and two lateral courts), rocodrome, fitness room, cycle inner room, and indoor swimming pool. At present, the indoor swimming pool of the University of Almeria (UAL) has two fuel oil boilers, with a nominal power of 267 kW. The main objective of this study is to propose an energetic analysis to determine, on the one hand, the energetic properties of the loquat seed and, on the other hand, to evaluate its suitability to be used as a solid biofuel to feed the boilers of the heated swimming pool of the University of Almeria (Spain), highlighting the significant energy and environmental savings obtained. Results show that the higher calorific value of loquat seed (17.205 MJ/kg), is like other industrial wastes such as wheat straw, or pistachio shell, which demonstrates the energy potential of this residual biomass. In addition, the change of the fuel oil boiler to a biomass (loquat seed) boiler in the UAL’s indoor swimming pool means a reduction of 147,973.8 kg of CO2 in emissions into the atmosphere and an annual saving of 35,739.5 €, which means a saving of 72.78% with respect to the previous fuel oil installation. A sensitivity analysis shows that fuel cost of base case is the variable with the most sensitivity changing the initial cost and net present value (NPV).

scholarly journals ENERGETIC POTENTIAL OF Phyllostachys bambusoides AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF BIOMASS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Ailton Leonel Balduino Junior ◽  
Gustavo Friederichs ◽  
Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Phyllostachys Bambusoides ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Made In

In Brazil, Phyllostachys bambusoides has been used for the manufacture of laminated bamboo products and landscaping. However, studies of its energy quality are rare. Thus, this study aimed to determine the energetic quality of Phyllostachys bambusoides for the use of stems in the fresh form (chips) for direct burning, as charcoal and as briquettes. Its energy potential was also determined by mass and energy balance for each solid biofuel (chips, briquettes, and charcoal). The analyzes were carried out on five individuals (shoots) at 3 years of age, collected at experimental plantations in Frei Rogério, SC. In the stems the newly collected moisture was determined; specific gravity; chemical composition; immediate analysis and higher calorific value. In laboratory charcoal, gravimetric yield, apparent relative density, immediate analysis, and higher calorific value were determined. The briquettes, made in the laboratory, were evaluated through their apparent density and compressive strength. For the stems, charcoal, and briquettes the energy density was calculated and a flowchart composed of the mass balance was calculated and the thermal energy production potential for each 100 kg of biomass used in the production of each biofuel analyzed was calculated. The energy density of stems (1.87 Gcal.m-3), charcoal (2.60 Gcal.m-3), and briquettes (4.68 Gcal.m-3) varied significantly. The highest useful energy potential can be obtained from briquettes (0.304 Gcal), charcoal (0.184 Gcal) followed by stems (0.168 Gcal) for each 100 kg of bamboo harvested with a mean moisture content of 35%.

scholarly journals Potentials of Biochars Derived from Bamboo Leaf Biomass as Energy Sources: Effect of Temperature and Time of Heating

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidayatul Armynah ◽  
Dahlang Tahir ◽  
Monalisa Tandilayuk ◽  
Zuryati Djafar ◽  
Wahyu H. Piarah
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Free Environment

Biochars from bamboo leaves as a potential energy resource were synthesized by annealing in the oxygen-free environment. Samples were characterized using proximate analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Heating temperatures are 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C and for each temperature, the time was varied between 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The heating time for 30 minutes results in FC 30.777% and calorific value 15 MJ/Kg at temperature 250°C and decreased to 4.004% and 6 MJ/Kg at temperature 350°C, respectively. EDS shows the time of heating is an important parameter which shows the carbon and nitrogen contents were decreasing with the increase in the heating time, and silicon and oxygen contents were increasing with increase in the heating time. XRD shows broad (002) reflections between 20° and 30°, which indicated disordered carbon with small domains of coherent and parallel stacking of the graphene sheets, which is consistent with surface morphology of the SEM image. The experimental results indicated that heating at 300°C for 30 minutes is an effective and efficient parameter for fabrication of low-cost carbon from bamboo leaves which is a source of useful energy.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Characterization of Timber Residues of Pinus spp. as an Energy Resource for the Production of Solid Biofuels in an Indigenous Community in Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Mario Morales-Máximo ◽  
Carlos A. García ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
José Juan Alvarado-Flores ◽  
Borja Velázquez-Martí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Pinus Spp

This study shows the energy potential of pine wood waste for the production of solid biofuels, and was carried out in an indigenous community in the state of Michoacán. One of the main economic activities of this community is the production of handcrafted furniture, which generates a large amount of wood waste. The most relevant results obtained in this research show that the community generates approximately 2268 kg of sawdust and 5418 kg of shavings per week, and the estimated energy potential per year for both sawdust is 1.94 PJ and for shaving is 4.65 PJ. Based on the particle size observed, the wood residue can be used to generate pellets or briquettes. Other average results in sawdust and (shavings) are the following: initial moisture content 15.3% (16.8%), apparent density 169.23 kg/m3 (49.25 kg/m3), ash 0.43% (0.42%), volatile material 84.9% (83.60%), fixed carbon 14.65% (15.96%), hemicelluloses 12.89% (10.68%), cellulose 52.68% (52.82%), lignin 26.73% (25.98%), extractives 7.69% (10.51%), calorific value 17.6 MJ/kg (17.9 MJ/kg). The major chemical elements in the ash were Al, K. Fe, Ca, P, Na, and Mg. Finally, the results obtained indicate that this biomass can be used to generate pellets or briquettes in this indigenous community.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document