scholarly journals Pakistan Topic Brief: Providing Distance Learning to Hard-to-reach Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imdad Baloch ◽  
Tom Kaye ◽  
Saalim Koomar ◽  
Chris McBurnie
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Alternative Education ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Outcomes

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in mass school closures across the world. It is expected that the closures in low- and -middle-income countries (LMICs) will have long-term negative consequences on education and also on broader development outcomes. Countries face a number of obstacles to effectively delivering alternative forms of education. Obstacles include limited experience in facing such challenges, limited teacher digital and pedagogical capacity, and infrastructure constraints related to power and connectivity. Furthermore, inequalities in learning outcomes are expected to widen within LMICs due to the challenges of implementing alternative modes of education in remote, rural or marginalised communities. It is expected that the most marginalised children will feel the most substantial negative impacts on their learning outcomes. Educational technology (EdTech) has been identified as a possible solution to address the acute impact of school closures through its potential to provide distance education. In this light, the DFID Pakistan team requested the EdTech Hub develop a topic brief exploring the use of EdTech to support distance learning in Pakistan. Specifically, the team requested the brief explore ways to provide distance education to children in remote rural areas and urban slums. The DFID team also requested that the EdTech Hub explore the different needs of those who have previously been to school in comparison to those who have never enrolled, with reference to EdTech solutions. In order to address these questions, this brief begins with an overview of the Pakistan education landscape. The second section of the brief explores how four modes of alternative education — TV, interactive radio instruction, mobile phones and online learning — can be used to provide alternative education to marginalised groups in Pakistan. Multimodal distance-learning approaches offer the best means of providing education to heterogeneous, hard-to-reach groups. Identifying various tools that can be deployed to meet the needs of specific population segments is an important part of developing a robust distance-learning approach. With this in mind, this section highlights examples of tools that could be used in Pakistan to support a multimodal approach that reaches the most hard-to-reach learners. The third and final section synthesises the article’s findings, presenting recommendations to inform Pakistan’s COVID-19 education response.<br> <br> This topic brief is available on Google Docs.

Digital divides impede 'edtech' in developing world

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Digital Divides

Significance While access to schools has expanded in low- and middle-income countries in recent decades, learning outcomes have not seen a corresponding improvement. The onset of school closures during the pandemic created an unprecedented opportunity to deploy edtech solutions for distance learning. Impacts Infrastructure limitations are matched by lack of familiarity of both learners and teachers on how to make the best use of edtech content. A major push for online teaching amid the pandemic risks widening educational gaps between those with and without access. Further investment in expanding digital access is critical for taking edtech tools to remote and rural areas in developing countries.

Edukacja cyfrowa w zdalnym nauczaniu

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Bożena Majewicz
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Remote Education ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Short Time

The state of education in Poland and its functioning was exposed by the coronavirus pandemic which contributed to school closures and enforced a transition to distance learning. There was a need to look for alternative ways of distance education in which teachers played a special role. Some of them had to learn new skills related to distance education at all levels of education in a short time. In the period when schools are closed or their functioning is limited, the competences they possess play an important role in the educational activity of teachers, among which IT and media competences become particularly important. The considerations presented in the article relate to online education, with particular attention to its necessary aspects occurring both on the side of school and students’ homes. A review of studies on remote education during the pandemic has been made.

scholarly journals INTERROGATING THE CONCEPT ‘OPENNESS’ IN OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmas Maphosa ◽  
Sithulisiwe Bhebhe
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Entry Requirements ◽  
Open And Distance Learning

<p>Scholars in Open Distance Learning (ODL) often refer to distance education as ‘open’. The concept 'openness' on open and distance learning is very fluid and often misunderstood. It is the purpose of this desktop survey to review relevant literature and make interrogation of the concept 'openness'. We advance questions such as; How open is open and distance learning. In what aspects is ODL open and to what extent is the openness. We discuss openness concerning targeted potential students and entry requirements in ODL institutions, the openness of teaching, and learning approaches as well as openness concerning communication, the flexibility of curricula, and assessment. We conclude by answering whether or not ODL institutions are open as well as suggesting measures and ways of enhancing openness in ODL institutions.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0674/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals WEB TECHNOLOGY OF USING VIDEO CAPTURE PROGRAMS IN THE PREPARATION OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR DISTANCE LEARNING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
O. IVANOV ◽  
◽  
V. KOROLCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Education System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

Promising areas for improving the education system, and with the advent of coronavirus online mode has become critical in education, in this regard are at home. Schools have started using Zoom software, and the role of the modular learning environment has grown significantly. At the same time, many problems were identified, such as the lack of Internet access for students from rural areas or disadvantaged families, which has become an obstacle to learning and access to educational materials. In response, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has made a number of recommendations for distance learning. Modern distance education is an extensive system of knowledge transfer at a distance using various tools and technologies, the result of which is the receipt by users of the necessary information for its successful implementation in practice. There are a variety of ways to disseminate knowledge today: mailing books, writing assignments, audio and video discs, telephone consultations, and virtually limitless possibilities of the World Wide Web. The use of distance learning methods allows to provide educational services of various kinds in remote areas, to teach without interruption from the main activity, to teach people with disabilities, to have access to educational resources of the world through the use of modern electronic communications. In today's world, education plays a key role in people's lives, which makes it necessary to constantly develop teaching methods, including distance learning. The coronavirus pandemic has revealed many shortcomings of distance education, as well as the absolute unpreparedness of students and educational institutions for this form of education. That is why it is important to develop this industry now in order to further provide comfortable education for both Ukrainian and foreign students and to ensure that in the future the education system will be ready for situations similar to the coronavirus pandemic. The article is written to assess the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning, its necessity, analysis of the requirements for distance learning materials. Prospects of technologies of multimedia representation of researched objects, processes, phenomena, adequate modeling of the subject area, and their realization.

scholarly journals The Effect of Distance Learning on Learning Outcomes of Children with Special Needs in Inclusive Schools in the New Normal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Nur Sholikhati ◽  
Muhaimi Prayogo ◽  
Joko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Inclusive Schools

Distance education is an organized educational process that bridges the separation between students and educators mediated by the use of technology and minimal face-to-face meetings. Distance education evolved from correspondent education to education through e-learning across time and space. Currently, in Indonesia, even in all countries in the world there is an outbreak of Covid-19 which results in learning in the field of education having to change from face-to-face learning to distance learning. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of distance learning for children with special needs in inclusive schools in the new era of normality. The method used in this research is qualitative research with online interview data collection techniques, documentation, and literature studies related to children with special needs during the COVID 19 pandemic. Qualitative data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, concluding, and verification. Based on the purposive random sampling technique, this study involved 15 informants consisting of classroom teachers and Special Advisors from 12 inclusive schools in all districts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The results of the study revealed that distance learning which is applied in inclusive elementary schools in Yogyakarta is learning that is carried out online by utilizing various learning media both using the internet network and not Course materials are distributed online, communicated also carried out online, and all forms of examinations are also carried out online. The result of implementing distance learning in inclusive elementary schools is that learning the Indonesian language that is carried out remotely has a positive effect in the form of increased mastery of reading, listening, writing, and speaking competencies for children with special needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The learning component that has the most influence is the selection of the learning media used. The more interactive the media used, the more effective the learning outcomes obtained by students. Even though online learning also encountered some obstacles, teachers continued to strive to improve the effectiveness of distance learning for children with special needs by collaborating with parents or guardians of students.

scholarly journals 'Remote from what?' Perspectives of distance learning students in remote rural areas of Scotland

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Macintyre ◽  
Janet R. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Student Experience ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Peer Networks ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Distinctive Role

Distance learning is seen as the obvious answer for remote learners, and the use of online media is expected to overcome any access difficulties imposed by geographical distance. However, this belief may be obscuring our understanding of the role that location and individual circumstances have in shaping student experience. This paper explores the variation in experiences of remote rural students who study with the Open University (UK). The researchers found that perceptions of remoteness depended on geography, but were also relative to individual circumstances. With respect to students’ sense of connection with university staff and peers, most mentioned their contact with their personal tutor. Networks with peers were less common, a matter of concern if peer networks are integral to fostering improved retention and progression. In this particular context, distance education may be playing an important and distinctive role for remote students by providing opportunities for connections with like-minded people.

scholarly journals Large Socio-Economic, Geographic, and Demographic Disparities Exist in Exposure to School Closures and Distance Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Parolin ◽  
Emma Lee
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Closure ◽  
School Type ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Math Scores

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted many school districts to turn to distance or at-home learning. Studies are emerging on the negative effects of distance learning on educational performance. Less is known, however, about the socio-economic, geographic, and demographic characteristics of students exposed to distance-learning across the United States. We introduce a U.S. School Closure &amp; Distance Learning Database that tracks in-person attendance across more than 100,000 schools from January through October 2020. We measure year-over-year change in in-person attendance for each school throughout 2020 to estimate whether the school is engaged in distance learning after the onset of the pandemic. Our findings reveal large socio-economic, geographic, and demographic disparities in exposure to distance learning. In October 2020, schools recording the lowest third-grade math scores are nearly twice as likely to be closed compared to schools recording the highest math scores. The average racial composition of closed schools is 25 percentage points less white compared to schools operating in-person (40% versus 65%). Moreover, closures are more common in schools with a higher share of students who experience homelessness, are of limited English proficiency, are eligible for free or reduced-price school lunch, live in single-parent families, or are racial/ethnic minorities. Distance learning is more common in high schools and middle schools relative to elementary schools, but disparities in exposure to distance learning are comparable across school type. Given the potential negative consequences of school closures on educational performance, the vast inequalities in exposure to distance learning portend rising disparities in learning outcomes.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN TATAP MUKA TERBATAS MELALUI METODE BLENDED LEARNING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID–19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
SITI ROFINGAH
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Face To Face Learning

The main priority of providing education during Covid-19 pandemic to prioritize health and safety of students, educators, education staff, families, and the community in general, as well as considering the growth of the students and their psycho social conditions. The continuity of teaching and learning process that is not carried out in the school has potential to have a long lasting negative impact. Anticipating the negative consequences and issues of distance learning, SMA Negeri 1 Kota Depok, according to government guidelines, has implemented two new policies for limited Face-to-face learning and an emergency curriculum ( under special conditions). During the Covid-19 pandemic, online and offline learning must be done side by side. On the other hand the student learning outcomes are expected have good final result. The writer conducted Classroom Action Research as an effort to improve students' learning outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic by using Blended Learning method which combine Face-to face learning method with distance learning. Based on the cycle 1 and cycle 2, there were found that Blended learning can improve students' learning outcomes in Mathematics subject for 12 graders of Science subject at SMAN 1 Kota Depok. ABSTRAKPrioritas utama penyelenggaraan pendidikan pada masa pandemi Covid–19 adalah untuk mengutamakan kesehatan dan keselamatan peserta didik, pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, keluarga, dan masyarakat secara umum, serta mempertimbangkan tumbuh kembang peserta didik dan kondisi psikososial. Kelangsungan belajar mengajar yang tidak dilakukan di sekolah berpotensi menimbulkan dampak negatif yang berkepanjangan. Mengantisipasi konsekuensi negatif dan isu dari pembelajaran jarak jauh, SMA Negeri 1 Kota Depok sesuai panduan pemerintah mengimplementasikan dua kebijakan baru Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas dan Kurikulum darurat (dalam kondisi khusus). Pada masa pandemi Covid–19 mengharuskan mengharuskan pembelajaran daring dan luring berjalan beriringan. Di sisi lain hasil belajar siswa yang diperoleh diharapkan tetap baik. Penulis melakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pada masa pandemi Covid–19 dengan menggunakan pembelajaran Campuran (Blended Learning) yang mengkombinasikan metode pembelajaran tatap muka dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Berdasarkan hasil temuan pada siklus I dan siklus II ternyata pembelajaran Campuran (Blended Learning) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika Kelas XII IPA di SMAN 1 Kota Depok.

scholarly journals Using Learning Theories for the Creation of a Distance Digital Course in Mathematics for Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Velentzas ◽  
Spyridon Doukakis
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Education Model

This article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of distance education in Mathematics for higher education students. A digital course in Differential Calculus was created, which was evaluated by the students who participated in it. The aim of the quantitative research carried out was to identify the conditions needed for the implementation of a digital distance education model. The design includes the integration of activities based on learning theories at targeted points of the distance learning. From the results, it appears that the students achieved the learning outcomes that were identified. Moreover, the integration of the relevant activities had a positive impact on the students, who a) positively evaluated the program they attended and b) stated that their knowledge was enhanced at the issues negotiated on the course.

Development of entrepreneurship in valuable natural rural areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 753-770
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Slusarza ◽  
Marek Cierpial-Wolan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
Endogenous Potential ◽  
Urbanized Region

The values of the natural environment in the subject literature are commonly indicated as an asset conducive to development shaping the competitiveness of areas with such values. The paper attempts to assess the use of endogenous potential of such areas in shaping the multifunctional, sustainable development of rural areas that have such qualities. In particular, the aim was to check to what extent the sme sector, dominating in the economic structure of rural areas, solves the key problem of labour market imbalance and population migration in environmentally valuable areas. The area of detailed research is Podkarpacie, the Polish region considered as a peripheral, border region, the least urbanized region with the highest share of areas covered by various forms of nature protection and forestation, with one of the lowest gdp per capita indicator in the country. For the purpose of implementing the research assumptions, a taxonomic unit (using the complete linkage method) consisting of powiats with the highest concentration of features characteristic for rural areas of high natural values was separated. Synthetic indicators calculated on the basis of the Hellwig taxonomic development pattern method and a positional method using Weber's median were used to assess the diversity of entrepreneurship level. The research confirmed that the non-agricultural economic activity sector is less developed in areas of high natural value. Despite positive developments in the enterprise sector, their potential is too weak an economic base for addressing unsustainable labour market problems, as evidenced by high unemployment and a high negative migration balance. This limits the use of the endogenous potential of these areas and is not conducive to the concept of multifunctional, sustainable development. Migration poses a threat to the depopulation of these areas with all the negative consequences associated with such processes. This is a challenge for the studied areas and regional policy.

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