scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) Infected Cancer Patients and Chemotherapeutic Medicines against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Chrysanthakopoulos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares that a severe pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emerged and was spread rapidly resulted in dramatic global economic and health implications. The novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a severe inflammatory reaction and clinically severe complications, although the majority of the infected individuals had mild symptoms and favorable prognosis after recovery. However, cancer patients are a high-risk group as are already susceptible to COVID-19 infection due to their underlying disease and their immunosuppression. Moreover, cancer patients are at increased risk of developing clinically severe complications in case of COVID-19 infection such as, Intensive Care Unit admission, required mechanical ventilation or even death. Another aggravating factor for oncological patients, during that pandemic crisis is the risk of postponing cancer treatment. The present review presents the clinical characteristics accompanied by the corresponding laboratory findings in COVID-19 infected cancer patients and the possible therapeutic role of some known chemo-therapeutic agents based on the recent observations of the International literature.

scholarly journals A Review of the Preclinical and Clinical Efficacy of Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Lopinavir-Ritonavir Treatments against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Maciorowski ◽  
Samir Z. El Idrissi ◽  
Yash Gupta ◽  
Brian J. Medernach ◽  
Michael B. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World Health ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December of 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus flared in Wuhan, the capital city of the Hubei Province, China. The pathogen has been identified as a novel enveloped RNA beta-coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a disease characterized by severe atypical pneumonia known as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Typical symptoms of this disease include cough, fever, malaise, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal symptoms, anosmia, and, in severe cases, pneumonia.1 The high-risk group of COVID-19 patients includes people over the age of 60 years as well as people with existing cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological investigations have suggested that the outbreak was associated with a live animal market in Wuhan. Within the first few months of the outbreak, cases were growing exponentially all over the world. The unabated spread of this deadly and highly infectious virus is a health emergency for all nations in the world and has led to the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In this report, we consolidate and review the available clinically and preclinically relevant results emanating from in vitro animal models and clinical studies of drugs approved for emergency use as a treatment for COVID-19, including remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir-ritonavir combinations. These compounds have been frequently touted as top candidates to treat COVID-19, but recent clinical reports suggest mixed outcomes on their efficacies within the current clinical protocol frameworks.

scholarly journals Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Northwest Mexico and the Relationship Between the Influenza Vaccine and the Survival of Infected Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel A. Angulo-Zamudio ◽  
Francisco M. Martínez-Villa ◽  
Nidia Leon-Sicairos ◽  
Hector Flores-Villaseñor ◽  
Jorge Velazquez-Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

The first cases of unexplained pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. Later, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causal agent of pneumonia. This virus has since spread to more than 180 countries and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Herein, we aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the relationship between the influenza vaccine with a lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection in the state of Sinaloa. We collected demographic and clinical data of 4,040 patients with acute respiratory infections across Sinaloa state hospitals from February 28 to May 15, 2020. The prevalence of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms in Sinaloa showed 45.2% of men were more affected than women (p < 0.001), and people aged 40–49 years were the most affected. The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection were cough and fever (p < 0.001), while hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes were the chronic diseases associated with COVID-19 than non-COVID-19 (p < 0.003). Healthcare workers were most likely to be infected compared to other occupations (p < 0.001). The general lethality rate was 14.1%, and males >62 years were the ones who had a higher lethality rate (p < 0.001); the aforementioned chronic diseases were related to higher lethality of COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Likewise, higher lethality was seen in housewives and patient retirees/pensioners compared with other occupations (p < 0.001). Finally, we found there was a relationship between influenza vaccination and a lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality (p < 0.001). These findings showed that healthcare workers, men >62 years with chronic diseases, and retired people were most affected. Furthermore, the influenza vaccine could decrease the severeness of COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Soumik Chatterjee ◽  
Sabyasachi Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Novel Coronavirus are very harmful virus. This viruses have positive single stranded RNA genome and enveloped which is called nucleocapsid. The family of this virus is Coronaviridae. This virus originated from species of avian and mammalian. This virus effect on upper respiratory tract in humans. Many species of these novel coronaviruses (HCoVs) are named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63. Predominant species of this virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world.  In both adults and childrens HCoV-HKU1 sp. is causes for chronic pulmonary disease and HCoV-NL63 species causes for upper and lower respiratory tract disease. Most recent species of this virus is MERS-CoV. This species caused for acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The new strain of novel Coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease named by the World Health Organization. Now world fighting against COVID-19 and according to the recent statistics report of world about the COVID-19 cases approx 22.6M confirmed cases and 792K death cases appeared and recovered 14.5M. COVID-19 disease starts to spread from December 2019 from china. Covid-19 disease is emerged in Wuhan seafood market at Wuhan of South China and then rapidly spread throughout the world. The corona virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article we summarize the current clinical characteristics of coronavirus and diagnosis, treatments and prevention of COVID-19 disease. In this review article, we analyze data from various Research Reports like WHO guidelines and other articles. It is very important to the readers that new data of COVID-19 updating nearly every hour of day regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19 disease. The degree of COVID-19 disease varying throughout the world. COVID-19 affected patient shows various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The COVID-19 disease is being treated through general treatment like symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies for deal with this disease yet. In this critical situation preventive measures must be require.  A very important issue in preventing viral infection is hand hygiene. There are other entities that people can boosting the immune system and help in infection prevention.

scholarly journals Leukopenia of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections under 18 Years Old in Recovery Stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Youshu Yuan ◽  
Zhengqiao Yang ◽  
Jinxia Fu ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Familial Cluster ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background In December, 2019, a type of novel coronavirus which was designated novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) by World Health Organization (WHO) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of those patients under 18 years old in the recovery stage are limited. To compare the difference of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in recovery stage between confirmed and asymptomatic infections.Methods Retrospective, single-center cohort study of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in the recovery stage at Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital in Guiyang, China, from January 29, to March 31, 2020; final date of follow-up was April 22. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 infections and asymptomatic infections were compared.Results Among the 25 COVID infections under 18 years old, 16 (64%) were mild or moderate confirmed cases, and 9 (36%) were asymptomatic. The shortest treatment period was 6 days, the longest 26 days, and the average treatment period 14 days. Four cases (44.4%) had visited Wuhan or had a living story in the city. There were 9 (100%) asymptomatic cases were familial cluster outbreak, with an average infection number was 6 cases among all families. The number of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections’ Leukopenia were significantly more than confirmed cases (p = 0.04).Conclusions Leukopenia mostly occurred in asymptomatic COVID-19 infections under 18 years old compared with the confirmed patients.

scholarly journals Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC) Position Statement and Advisory for the Practice of Neuroanesthesia during COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Jangra ◽  
Nitin Manohar ◽  
Prasanna U. Bidkar ◽  
Ponniah Vanamoorthy ◽  
Devendra Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major health emergency in today’s time. In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China was attributed to a novel coronavirus. The World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. As the majority of the cases suffering from COVID-19 are mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic, it becomes a great challenge to identify the infected persons in the absence of extensive testing. In the hospital environment, it can infect several other vulnerable patients and healthcare providers, significantly impacting the hospital services. Anesthesiologists are at an increased risk of COVID-19 transmission from the patients, as they are frequently involved in several aerosol-generating procedures. It is not possible to identify asymptomatic COVID-19 patients solely based on history-taking during their first point of contact with the anesthesiologists at the preanesthetic checkup clinic.Most of the neurosurgical conditions are of urgent in nature and cannot be postponed for a longer duration. In view of this, the position statement and practice advisory from the Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC) provides guidance to the practice of neuroanesthesia in the present scenario. The advisory has been prepared considering the current disease status of the COVID-19 pandemic, available literature, and consensus from experts in the field of neuroanesthesiology. Since the pandemic is still progressing and the nature of the disease is dynamic, readers are advised to constantly look for updated literature from ISNACC and other neurology and neurosurgical societies.

scholarly journals Techniques of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy—Do We Need to Change Anything?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Prakash Zacharias ◽  
Hasim Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to different parts of the world and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Health care workers are at increased risk of contracting the disease due to their nature of work and close contact with the patients. Staff in endoscopy need to be aware of this risk due to the aerosol-generating nature of procedures and the presence of virus particles in stool samples of infected persons. The risk of asymptomatic patients spreading the disease is also a cause for concern. This article intends to provide guidance and recommendations for techniques and practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to prevent infection in endoscopy unit.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics, management, maternal and neonatal outcome among seven severe and critically ill pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Hazari Komal Sundeep ◽  
Paulose Litty ◽  
Kurien Nimmi ◽  
Mohammad Hozaifah ◽  
A Elgergawi Taghrid Faek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Investigational Therapies ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pneumonia caused by the Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease and the ongoing outbreak has been declared as a Pandemic by the World health organization. Pneumonia is a serious disease in pregnancy and requires prompt attention. Viral pneumonia has higher morbidity and mortality compared to bacterial pneumonia in pregnancy. All efforts are well exerted to understand the newly emerged disease features but still some areas are gray. The treatment is primarily supportive with antivirals, steroids, anticoagulation and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection. Severe cases require intensive care monitoring with oxygen support, mechanical ventilation. Investigational therapies include convalescent plasma, cytokine release inhibitors and other immunomodulatory agents like interferons. The mortality appears driven by the presence of severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome (ARDS) and organs failure. COVID pandemic is a challenging and stressful socio-economic situation with widespread fear of infection, disease and death. In the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology, studies are being conducted to ascertain the manifestation of disease in pregnant women and the fetal outcome. The aim of our case series is to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings, feto- maternal outcome of severe and critical COVID pneumonia in pregnant women in Latifa Hospital.

scholarly journals An Explication of Pandemic Public Health Emergency, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Pant ◽  
A. K. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Ssrna Virus ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019 a series of acute atypical respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan, China. The first clusters of cases were identified in association with the South China Seafood Market. In subsequent investigations it was found to be a novel coronavirus. It is suggested to have zoonotic origin. On December 31st 2019, China notified the outbreak to the World Health Organization. During the New Year, the massive migration of Chinese fuelled the epidemic. Cases in other provinces of China and other countries (South Korea, Thailand and Japan in quick succession) were reported in people who were returning from Wuhan. On 11 February, on the basis of existing rules on taxonomy the virus was names as SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family of coronaviruses. It is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus. It has a single linear RNA segment. On the same day WHO announced the new name for the disease i.e. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) say it is primarily spread directly due to close contact between people through small droplets produced during coughing, sneezing or talking within a range of about 1-3 meters. It may even transmit through indirect contact via fomites. While there are concerns it may spread by feces, this risk is believed to be low. Soon, the number of cases started increasing exponentially and on March 12, 2020 WHO announced COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 has been impacting a large number of people worldwide, being reported in approximately 200 countries and territories. It was identified that Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) act as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 follows sex differences, age differences, race differences in as well as underlying disease conditions i.e. comorbidities aggravated the severity of this disease.  The most common symptoms being reported are fever, dry cough or chest tightness, and dyspnoea. It is now widely recognized that respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 are extremely heterogeneous, ranging from minimal symptoms to significant hypoxia with ARDS. Diagnosis is done with the help of history, clinical signs and serological testing. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is considered the standard method of testing. Several have been tested in clinical trials but none of them have been proven to be a definite therapy yet. The evolution of the current outbreak has seen extraordinary measures put in place to control transmission, including the ‘shut-down’ and ‘quarantine’. Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 but at present, no vaccine is available. One should strictly follow all the preventive measures as directed by WHO and CDC and along with this, one should boost up its natural immunity to lessen the chances of getting infection.

Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)-A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Puneet Sudan ◽  
Manish Goswami ◽  
Arockia Babu M
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Young Researchers

No one has even imagined that infection in the respiratory system in the form of pneumonia because of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) in small town of China, Wuhan during end of December in the year 2019 will come out as an extremely communicable infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged the current epidemic as a threat to whole population worldwide. At present, still we have not reached the advanced levels of research to treat and control this contagious disease. Due to lack of information about the pathogenesis and proliferation pathways of this novel corona virus, whole world is looking forward for its exact prophylaxis. On the basis of recent proofs provided by review and research articles from various genuine sources, we tried thoroughly to summarize the various factors regarding COVID-19 like its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Through this review we have made an effort to present a common conceptual literature on coronavirus to help community to fight against this dangerous virus, and will hope that this review will be a source of reference to young researchers for advanced studies.

scholarly journals Clinical management of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Man Jiang ◽  
Jialin Qu ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Xiaochun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Routine Medical Care ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The rapid growth of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the early December 2019. COVID-19 spread all over the word just a few months. The outbreak of COVID-19 infection poses major threat to international health and economy. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the new coronavirus was an international public health emergency on January 30, 2020. However, with the spread of COVID-19, the routine medical care of lung cancer patients was affected. Because lung cancer patients have low immunity after anti-tumor treatment, they should become the main targets for epidemic prevention. Lung cancer patients are increasingly concerned about the prevention of COVID-19. It is necessary to provide individualized medical treatment and management for lung cancer patients based on patients’ conditions and regional epidemic patterns.

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