scholarly journals Global Increase in the Consumption of Lignocellulosic Biomass as Energy Source: Necessity for Sustained Optimisation of Agroforestry Technologies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Agbontalor Erakhrumen
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Wood Fuel ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Agroforestry Technologies

Wood and other nonwood lignocellulosic materials are renewable natural resources useful for different applications based on end users' preference. Their use for generating energy, an application that has not been outmoded, has been noted to be increasing worldwide owing to multifarious reasons. Therefore, there has been the need for studies with results targeted at sustainable ways by which they can be sourced for this and other purposes, as this source of energy is currently still relevant particularly in the developing world. Agroforestry techniques that are based on realisable concepts acceptable to stakeholders have been suggested for this purpose. These age-long techniques are adopted for different purposes with incorporated components partly dependent on native intelligence, indigenous/traditional knowledge, and/or users' perspectives and expected outputs. Since wood and other lignocellulosic biomass can be obtained using these production techniques, optimising their potentials in this regard will be beneficial. This paper was therefore focused on the increasing trend in global wood fuel consumption and studies aimed at contributing to improvement of agroforestry systems as sustainable sources of wood fuel, a renewable source of energy.

The chromatographic analysis of extracts from poplar (Populus sp.) - Laying program GC-MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Dominika Szadkowska ◽  
Jan Szadkowski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Mass Detector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used

The chromatographic analysis of extracts from poplar (Populus sp.) - Laying program GC-MS. The aim of the study was to develop the method of analysis by gas chromatography of the liquid obtained after extraction with cyclohexane of wood of different poplar varieties (Populus sp.). After applying an appropriate method, the application of gas chromatography with mass detector facilitates the analysis of the chemical composition of extracts from different types of lignocellulosic biomass. It is also possible to verify included compounds as well as to compare the content of individual compounds contained in the analysed sample. Moreover, this sample will make it possible to determine the significance of the influence of given substances on biofuel production processes based on lignocellulosic materials. One of the key chemical substances influencing the process of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are extraction substances contained in lignocellulose materials used in 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels. These compounds can inhibit the whole process of producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals Biorefinery of lignocellulosic biopolymers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Steil Boneberg ◽  
Grazielle Dias Machado ◽  
Davi Friedrich Santos ◽  
Fernando Gomes ◽  
Douglas José Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Historic Background ◽  
Made In ◽  
Value Added Products

Lignocellulosic biomass has been widely investigated as a natural renewable source of feedstocks to produce high value added products which can replace energy and materials obtained from non-renewable sources. Polymers are products largely employed in industry in many different applications, which nowadays are mostly produced from petrochemical derivatives, generating huge amounts of waste of difficult treatment prior to disposal. In order to replace these polymers derived from petroleum, efforts have been made in the development of biopolymers, in the biorefinery context, derived from biomass possessing physicochemical properties similar to those derived from petroleum so that they can successfully replace these materials. A review on the different types of biopolymers obtained from biomass, as polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, polyesters produced by plants and microorganisms, and other assorted biopolymers is accomplished. An evaluation of physicochemical properties and applications of different types of biopolymers is approached. It is also discussed about the degradability of biopolymers differentiating oxo-degradability and biodegradability. A brief historic background about biopolymers is also exposed.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kucharska ◽  
Piotr Rybarczyk ◽  
Iwona Hołowacz ◽  
Rafał Łukajtis ◽  
Marta Glinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility

Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource that potentially contains large amounts of energy. It is an interesting alternative for fossil fuels, allowing the production of biofuels and other organic compounds. In this paper, a review devoted to the processing of lignocellulosic materials as substrates for fermentation processes is presented. The review focuses on physical, chemical, physicochemical, enzymatic, and microbiologic methods of biomass pretreatment. In addition to the evaluation of the mentioned methods, the aim of the paper is to understand the possibilities of the biomass pretreatment and their influence on the efficiency of biofuels and organic compounds production. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the lignocellulosic biomass structure are described along with a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of each method, including the potential generation of inhibitory compounds for enzymatic hydrolysis, the effect on cellulose digestibility, the generation of compounds that are toxic for the environment, and energy and economic demand. The results of the investigations imply that only the stepwise pretreatment procedure may ensure effective fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatment step is still a challenge for obtaining cost-effective and competitive technology for large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars with low inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals Global increase in tropical cyclone rain rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Guzman ◽  
Haiyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Global Precipitation

AbstractTheoretical models of the potential intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) suggest that TC rainfall rates should increase in a warmer environment but limited observational evidence has been studied to test these hypotheses on a global scale. The present study explores the general trends of TC rainfall rates based on a 19-year (1998–2016) time series of continuous observational data collected by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and the Global Precipitation Measurement mission. Overall, observations exhibit an increasing trend in the average TC rainfall rate of about 1.3% per year, a fact that is contributed mainly by the combined effect of the reduction in the inner-core rainfall rate with the increase in rainfall rate on the rainband region. We found that the increasing trend is more pronounced in the Northwestern Pacific and North Atlantic than in other global basins, and it is relatively uniform for all TC intensities. Further analysis shows that these trends are associated with increases in sea surface temperature and total precipitable water in the TC environment.

Optimization of Organosolv Based Fractionation Process for Separation of High Purity Lignin from Bagasse

2017 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Sawitree Cheiwpanich ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana ◽  
Verawat Champreda
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Mixture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Mixture System

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source for sustainable production of fuels, chemicals, and other materials with the advantages on its carbon-neutral nature. Fractionation of lignocellulosic materials is a pre-requisite in the biorefinery process in order to convert the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin to valuable products with maximized economics prospective. In this work, a modified clean fractionation (CF) process using ternary mixture system of ethyl acetate/methanol/water was studied with the use of acid promoters. H2SO4 was found to be the efficient promoter due to low cost compare to other acid promoters. The optimal fractionation conditions operated in the solvent mixture containing 0.025 M H2SO4 at 160°C for 50 min led to 63.72% recovery of the cellulose in the solid pulp while 90% and 59.94% of hemicellulose-derived products and lignin were recovered in the aqueous-alcohol and organic fractions, respectively. The enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose-enriched pulp was increased, resulting increasing glucose yield from 38.32% of the native biomass to 70.04% using the hydrolysis reaction with Cellic Ctech2® at 15 FPU/g. The work demonstrated the applicability of the modified CF process for fractionation of lignocellulose components for integrated biorefinery process.

scholarly journals Optimization of combined pre-treatments on sugarcane leaves for bioethanol production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Numchok Manmai ◽  
Katherine Bautista ◽  
Yuwalee Unpaprom ◽  
Rameshprabu Ramaraj
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Central Composite

This paper reports the comparison of an optimized pretreatment model for Reducing Sugar (RS) production from Sugarcane leaf (SL) using NaOH to depolymerize of lignocellulosic biomass. The addition variables for a pretreatment model consisted of NaOH concentrations, heating temperatures and pretreatment times in the variety of 1-2% (v/v), 30-40 °C and 1-3 days individually. After pretreatment RS was estimated to transform into energy, both of RS and the energy were optimized by Respond surface methodology (RSM) on Central composite design (CCD). The models showed high determinational coefficients (R2) above 0.9876. Process optimization provided highest RS yield and energy of 5.632 g/L and 90.112 kJ/L. for NaOH pretreatment at condition 2% (v/v) NaOH, low temperature (40 °C) for 3 days. This report presented demonstrate that sugarcane leaf waste which is usually burnt after harvesting can be a part of renewable source for the biofuel production.

scholarly journals Delignification of Lignocellulosic Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-469
Author(s):  
Deivy Andhika Permata ◽  
Anwar Kasim ◽  
Alfi Asben ◽  
Yusniwati
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Physical Chemical

Delignification is the process of breaking lignocellulose into lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The presence of lignin in lignocellulosic materials results in the limited utilization of cellulose. This article discusses lignin and the delignification process. There are various delignification methods from the literature study, namely physical, chemical, semi-chemical, mechanical, and enzymatic.

Discussion on “New production techniques—engines”

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Mountford ◽  
H.G. Gregory ◽  
D.M. Anthony ◽  
D.A. Fairnie ◽  
E.B. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Production ◽  
Production Techniques

Trends in Periprosthetic Knee Infection and Associated Costs: A Population-Based Study Using National Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brochin ◽  
Jashvant Poeran ◽  
Khushdeep S. Vig ◽  
Aakash Keswani ◽  
Nicole Zubizarreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Teaching Status ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Increasing Trends

AbstractGiven increasing demand for primary knee arthroplasties, revision surgery is also expected to increase, with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) a main driver of costs. Recent data on national trends is lacking. We aimed to assess trends in PJI in total knee arthroplasty revisions and hospitalization costs. From the National Inpatient Sample (2003–2016), we extracted data on total knee arthroplasty revisions (n = 782,449). We assessed trends in PJI prevalence and (inflation-adjusted) hospitalization costs (total as well as per-day costs) for all revisions and stratified by hospital teaching status (rural/urban by teaching status), hospital bed size (≤299, 300–499, and ≥500 beds), and hospital region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West). The Cochran–Armitage trend test (PJI prevalence) and linear regression determined significance of trends. PJI prevalence overall was 25.5% (n = 199,818) with a minor increasing trend: 25.3% (n = 7,828) in 2003 to 28.9% (n = 19,275) in 2016; p < 0.0001. Median total hospitalization costs for PJI decreased slightly ($23,247 in 2003–$20,273 in 2016; p < 0.0001) while median per-day costs slightly increased ($3,452 in 2003–$3,727 in 2016; p < 0.0001), likely as a function of decreasing length of stay. With small differences between hospitals, the lowest and highest PJI prevalences were seen in small (≤299 beds; 22.9%) and urban teaching hospitals (27.3%), respectively. In stratification analyses, an increasing trend in PJI prevalence was particularly seen in larger (≥500 beds) hospitals (24.4% in 2003–30.7% in 2016; p < 0.0001), while a decreasing trend was seen in small-sized hospitals. Overall, PJI in knee arthroplasty revisions appears to be slightly increasing. Moreover, increasing trends in large hospitals and decreasing trends in small-sized hospitals suggest a shift in patients from small to large volume hospitals. Decreasing trends in total costs, alongside increasing trends in per-day costs, suggest a strong impact of length of stay trends and a more efficient approach to PJI over the years (in terms of shorter length of stay).

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