scholarly journals EVALUATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR SALT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Iqra ◽  
MS Rashid ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
I Latif ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Genotype 2

Wheat is an important cereal crop which has been consumed as food crop throughout the globe. Present study discusses change in different morphological traits of six most common wheat varieties in Pakistan under the effect of salt stress. We have used two salt solutions; 10 dS/m NaCl and 15 dS/m NaCl concentrations were used in our research. Data collected during research indicates that all morphological traits decrease under salt treatments except that of two trait viz., root length and carotenoids level. It was noted that under the effect of both salt concentrations carotenoids content increased in significant amount in leaves and roots along with root length which was also increased. The outcomes from analysis of variance demonstrated that there was higher leaf caroteniods for genotype 5 (Ujala-16) that was 998.32 mg/g of fresh leaf weight trailed by genotype 1 (Inqalab-91) 995.99 mg/g of fresh leaf weight) while lower carotenoids were found for genotype 2(Shafaq-06) that was 825.65 mg/g of fresh leaf weight. Highest root weight was found in Shafaq-06 under treatment of 15dS/m NaCl. While pooled all Pairwise comparison test revealed highest root length in genotype 4 (Galaxy-13). While linear regression suggests that carotenoids content contribute least in plant height. Genetic heritability was found highest for photosynthetic pigments i.e. 99.99% for chlorophyll b except that of carotenoids. Genetic advance was recorded higher for fresh stem weight (309.870%). Higher heritability and genetic advance revealed that from our study that the selection of salt stress wheat genotypes on the basis of root length may be help to develop salt stress tolerance wheat genotypes with higher grain yield. 

scholarly journals Adaçayı ve Dağ Çayında Tuz Stresi Üzerine Selenyum Uygulamalarının Etkileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mahmut Çamlıca ◽  
Gülsüm Yaldız ◽  
Ferit Özen ◽  
Abdurrahman Başol ◽  
Halit Aşkın
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Fresh Root

Sage and mountain sage belong to Lamiaceae family which have commercial importance from medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of selenium in salinity conditions on the morphological characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and mountain tea (Sideritis sp.). Four different doses of selenium (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/l) were applied in without salinity (0) and salinity (250 mM NaCl/l) medium. The experiment was carried out in the split plot design with three replications in the climate chamber room of the department of field crops. When the examined properties were evaluated; plant height changed between 15.56-23.85 cm, number of branches 10.50-12.78 number/plant, number of leaves 52.78-92.00 number/plant, fresh leaf weight 2.48-7.51 g/plant, dry leaf weight 0.48-3.32 g/plant, fresh root weight 1.52-7.16 g/plant, dry root weight 0.19-1.24 g/plant, root length 26.18-36.07 cm, fresh shoot weight of 1.13-7.15 g/plant and dry shoot weight 0.13-0.38 g/plant. In mountain tea, the properties were determined for plant height as 3.26-5.93 cm, for number of branches as 2.50-6.33 number/plant, for number of leaves as 28.22-91.14 number/plant, for fresh and dry leaf weights as 2.42-11,03 and 0.45-1.91 g/plant, for fresh and dry root weights as 0.71-3.97 and 0.18-0.74 g/plant, for root length as 14.78-33.26 cm, for fresh and dry shoot weights as 0.29-2.28 and 0.12-0.41 g/plant were determined. As a result of this study, 5 mg/l selenium application in salinity conditions in both plants has reached high values in terms of fresh leaf weights. In addition to this, it was found that selenium applications in salinity conditions had positive effects on dry leaf weight in sage and fresh root and fresh shoot weights in mountain tea. As a result of correlation analysis, positive correlations were found between dry leaf weight and other characteristics especially in mountain tea in terms of traits examined in both plants.

scholarly journals Sustainable Valorisation of Biowaste for Soilless Cultivation of Salvia Officinalis in a Circular Bioeconomy

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Greco ◽  
Antonio Comparetti ◽  
Pierluigi Febo ◽  
Giulia La Placa ◽  
Michele Massimo Mammano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Soilless Cultivation ◽  
Fresh Root

The aim of this work is to assess the usefulness of biowaste deriving from Circular Bioeconomy (CBE) processes (i.e., vermicompost, compost and digestate), as growing substrates for the partial or total replacement of peat, by measuring the vegetation biometric parameters of sage (Salvia officinalis L.)—leaf area; Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value (index of chlorophyll concentration); fresh and dry weight of leaves; stem weight; root length. The results showed that vermicompost positively influenced most of above parameters (+16.7% for leaf area, +7.3% for fresh leaf weight, +6.4% for dry leaf weight, +8.5% for fresh stem weight, +0.9% for dry stem weight, +16% for root length) and, therefore, can be used as a sustainable growing substrate, alternative to peat, for the sage soilless cultivation. Yet, the results of some biometric parameters are better with peat rather than with compost (−7.2% for SPAD value, −47.3% for fresh leaf weight, −46.8% for dry leaf weight, −32.9% for fresh stem weight, −39.1% for dry stem weight, −52.4% for fresh root weight, −56.6% for dry root weight) and digestate (−30.2% for fresh leaf weight, −33.6% for dry leaf weight, −23.9% for fresh stem weight, −27% for dry stem weight, −51.8% for fresh root weight, −34.4% for dry root weight, −16% for root length). Therefore, these results are interesting for potted plants in nursery activity, while the above differences must be verified also after the transplanting of the tested plants in open field. However, the use of all the above growing substrates alternative to peat allows the sustainable valorization of food industry by-products, plant biomass, animal manure and the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW).

GENETIC VARIABILITY AND INTERRELATIONSHIP AMONG MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN AFRICAN PEAR FRUIT (DACRYODES EDULIS (G.DON) H.J. LAM) ACCESSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
V. I. ALAJE ◽  
C. O. ALAKE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis ◽  
African Pear

African pear fruit (Dacryodes edulis) is a highly sought for multipurpose agroforestry tree species that has the potential for both local and international trades, Nigeria is among the leading producer of the fruit, but its pattern and extent of its genetic variability is currently unknown. Hence, a study was carried out to determine the pattern and extent of genetic variability and interrelationships among 13 morphological traits of African pear fruit accessions. The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design in 5 replications. Data collected on number of leaf production, leaf length,  leaf breadth,  leaf length/breadth ratio,  internode distances, plant height, collar diameter, fresh leaf weight, fresh stem weight, fresh root weight, dry leaf weight, dry stem weight, dry root weight and  biomass accumulation were subjected to Analysis of Variance. Treatment means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. Results showed significant (p<0.05) differences among the D. edulis genotypes for most of the traits evaluated  indicated variation in the performance of the genotypes and  pattern of clustering indicated that there was no association between eco-geographical distribution of genotypes and genetic diversity. PCA revealed that fourteen axes accounted for 100% of the variations observed while the first five axes contributed 73.23% of the total variation observed. The first axis accounted for 25.61% of the total variation while the second and third accounted for 15.43 and 15.01%, respectively. The fourth axis contributed 9.82% of the total variation while the fifth axis contributed 7.36% of the total variation. Significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between most of the plant characters evaluated and biomass accumulation  which is an indication that the phenotypic association will be a good index for the genotypic association.  

scholarly journals EFFECT OF K AND Ca APPLICATION ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND MITIGATION OF SALT STRESS OF SOME WHEAT GENOTYPES GROWN IN HYDROPONIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Yesari & Al–Mosawy
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

This experiment was conducted to study the role of potassium and calcium mixture to mitigate  salt stress of some genotypes of wheat to improve growth and yield of wheat the enzymatic situation and root architecture, this experiment included three factors the first factor was three levels of potassium and calcium K50+Ca100, K100+Ca200 and K200+Ca400 µM.L-1, and the second factor was three levels of salinity 0NaCl and 20 NaCl and 40µM.L-1NaCl, and the third factor was four varieties of wheat namely: with three replications.The result can be summarized as follow: Abu Ghraib3 variety was superior in diameter of root and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes SOD in shoot. Ibaa 99 variety was superior in root weight and root length and the activity of some antioxidant enzymesPOD,CAT, proline concentration, Jandola variety was superior root weight and root length and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes SOD, SinAl-Fil was superior in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes POD, CAT and proline concentration. K50+Ca100 treatment was superior in the activity antioxidant enzymes POD, CAT, SOD, proline concentration. While K100+Ca200 treatment was superior in root length, K200+Ca400 treatment was superior in root diameter and root weight. 40NaCl treatment was superior in the activity of antioxidant enzymes POD,CAT,SOD, proline concentration. 0NaCl treatment was superior in root diameter and root weight. and found that the addition of calcium and potassium to the nutrient solution worked to reduce stress resulting from the salt added sodium chloride were inferred through the results obtained.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous and foliar applications of Brassinosteroid (BRs) and salt stress on the growth, yield and physiological parameters of Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Jan Alam ◽  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Imtiaz Ali ◽  
Humaira Gul
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The germination response of Lycopersicon esculentum was studied on different salinity levels from control (non-saline), 0.2,0.4,0.6 and 0.8% NaCl solution. Seeds germinating under salt stress exhibited decrease in saline media as compared to respective control. Seeds germinating with salinity and brassinosteroid (applied exogenously through roots and as foliar spray, 0.25 and 0.5 ppm) exhibited promotion in control as compared to their respective saline media. Plants treated with different salts concentrations (60 and 100mM) NaCl exhibited reduction in plant height, root length, number of leaves, number of fruits and biomass as compared to control while brassinosteroid having concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 ppm (applied through roots and as foliar spray) caused promotion in plant height, root length, number of leaves, number of fruits and biomass in saline and non saline media. Plants treated with different salts concentration of (60 and 100mM) NaCl exhibited increase in Relative water content, leaf water loss, electrolyte leakage, shoot/- root ratio, root/- weight ratio and leaf/- weight ratio at both NaCl concentrations (60 and 100 mM) as compared to control, while stem/- weight ratio showed reduction at both salinity levels as compared to control while brassinosteroid applied in roots and as a foliar spray at 0.25 and 0.5 ppm concentrations exhibited reduction in stem/- weight ratio at high NaCl level (100 mM) as compared to control. 

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Physiological Changes in Winter and Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Saddiq ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Amir M. H. Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Improvement Programs

Salinity is a leading threat to crop growth throughout the world. Salt stress induces altered physiological processes and several inhibitory effects on the growth of cereals, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we determined the effects of salinity on five spring and five winter wheat genotypes seedlings. We evaluated the salt stress on root and shoot growth attributes, i.e., root length (RL), shoot length (SL), the relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), and shoot length (RGR-SL). The ionic content of the leaves was also measured. Physiological traits were also assessed, including stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and light-adapted leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, i.e., the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv′/Fm′) and instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft). Physiological and growth performance under salt stress (0, 100, and 200 mol/L) were explored at the seedling stage. The analysis showed that spring wheat accumulated low Na+ and high K+ in leaf blades compared with winter wheat. Among the genotypes, Sakha 8, S-24, W4909, and W4910 performed better and had improved physiological attributes (gs, Fv′/Fm′, and Ft) and seedling growth traits (RL, SL, RGR-SL, and RGR-RL), which were strongly linked with proper Na+ and K+ discrimination in leaves and the CCI in leaves. The identified genotypes could represent valuable resources for genetic improvement programs to provide a greater understanding of plant tolerance to salt stress.

Isolation, identification and characterization of native plant growth promoting bacteria and their plant growth promotion in Zea mays

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Pitchaiah Pelapudi ◽  
Sasikala Ch ◽  
Swarnabala Ganti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Shoot Weight

In the present rapid growing world, need for a sustainable agricultural practice which helps in meeting the adequate food demand is much needed. In this context, plant growth promoting bacteria were brought into the spot light by the researchers. Though the plant growth promoting bacteria have several beneficial applications, due to some of the disadvantages in the field conditions, they lagged behind. In the current research work, native PGPR were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of maize with an aim to isolate the nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilising and potash solubilising bacteria. Out of the several isolates, potent PGPR isolates viz., Paenibacillus durus PCPB067, Bacillus megaterium PCBMG041 and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus PCPG051 were isolated and identified by using the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Genomic DNA sequences obtained were deposited in the NCBI Genbank and accession numbers were assigned as MW793452, MW793456 and MW843633. In order to check the efficacy of the PGPR isolates, pot trials were conducted by taking maize as the host plant. Several parameters viz. shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and weight of the seeds were tested in which PGP treatment showed good results (shoot length - 187±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 31±4 g, root length - 32±3.6 cm, root weight - 17±2 g, yield- 103.3±6.1 g) when compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment (shoot length - 177±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 25±3.6 g, root length - 24±3.5 cm, root weight - 14.6±1.52 g, yield- 85.6±7.6 g). Based on the results, it can be stated that these native PGPR isolates can be effectively used in the plant growth promotion of maize.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

scholarly journals Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dadashpour
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

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