scholarly journals Effect of Agro-ecological Zone, Age, and Sex on Prevalence and Intensity of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Donkeys in Maseru District, Lesotho

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Masara Elizabeth Nts’aoana ◽  
Setsumi Mots’oene Molapo ◽  
Paseka Kompi
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
One Year ◽  
Coccidian Infection ◽  
Age And Sex

Gastrointestinal parasites are considered to be silent killers of animals. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of the agro-ecological zone, age, and sex on the parasite prevalence and fecal egg/oocyst count in donkeys residing in Lesotho. A total number of 720 fecal samples were collected rectally from 120 indigenous donkeys that were randomly selected from the highlands, foothills, and lowlands of Maseru district, Lesotho. The fecal samples were collected every two months for one year and examined using the floatation technique. The overall prevalence for nematodes, coccidia, and cestodes in donkeys were 87.78%, 4.31%, and 1.53%, respectively. The highest nematode prevalence and intensity were detected in the donkeys of highlands. The coccidian infection was lower in the lowlands while cestodes infection was more prevalent in the foothills. Donkey’s age had an impact on the nematode fecal egg load but did not affect the prevalence of nematodes in donkeys. Age did not significantly affect the prevalence and fecal egg/oocyst count of cestodes and coccidia. Male donkeys had a higher prevalence and fecal egg count of cestodes. In conclusion, the nematodes were found to be the major gastrointestinal parasites of donkeys in the Maseru district. Therefore, there is a need to design a sustainable strategy aimed at controlling the gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys.

scholarly journals Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from domestic dogs in São Paulo, SP, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena ◽  
Sérgio Santos Azevedo ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽  
Solange Maria Gennari
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
One Year

Abstract Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites were assessed in fecal samples from 3,099 dogs in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, SP, that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of São Paulo Veterinary School. The samples were analyzed using the flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The results were compared with those from previous studies (at different times). The frequency of each parasite was correlated with the dogs’ ages, breeds and gender, as well as the occurrences of diarrhea and the use of anthelmintics, by means of the chi-square or Fisher exact test. Partitioned chi-square tests were used to compare occurrences of each parasite and the times analyzed. Out of the total number of samples, 20.5% were positive and 16.1% (102/635) of these presented more than one genus of parasites. Ancylostoma spp. (7.1%) and Giardia spp. (5.5%) were the most frequent helminths and protozoa, respectively. Ancylostoma spp. was associated (p<0.05) with age (over one year), mixed breeds, sex (male) and no use of anthelmintics. Dogs under one year and mixed breeds were associated with occurrences of Toxocara canis; and younger dogs with Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora spp. Giardia spp. were also associated with dogs with a defined breed (p<0.05). All the parasites analyzed presented lower incidence in the last period analyzed than in the previous periods.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Native Dogs in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rateb A. Othman ◽  
Sameh Abuseir
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Background: Dogs play an important role in transmission of parasites and zoonotic diseases, especially in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of internal parasites in stray and pet dogs in Palestine. Methods: Fecal samples were collected during the period between Jan to May 2019. A total of 150 fecal samples were collected and tested for parasites using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The targeted dogs were both pet dogs and stray dogs and were grouped according to gender and age. Results: Although there was no significant difference in infestation between males and females, the prevalence rate of infestation in males was 63.1% compared to females 72.4%. Dogs of ages under one year had similar rate of infestation compared to older dogs with a rate of 67.3% and 67.4% respectively. Infestations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in stray dogs 81.4% compared to pet dogs 48.4%. The highest infestation rate was with Toxocara canis 46.0% followed by Dipylidium caninum 23.0%, Echinococcus spp. 14.0% ,Isosopora canis  9.0%, Ancylostoma caninum 8.0%, Giarda spp. 5.0%, Strongyloides spp. 4.0%, Trichuris vulpis 3.0%, and Cryptosporidium spp. 3.0%. Conclusion: Local dogs in Palestine, especially stray dogs, are infested with different types of intestinal parasites that may cause many common and non-common diseases to humans. To prevent the spread of these parasites, future public health should be proposed and applied by authorities to achieve a healthy status of the residents in the country. Health awareness spread among people about the seriousness of the diseases transmitted by dogs must also be activated.

scholarly journals Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goat kids

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Marinho Dourado Coelho ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
One Year

Fecal samples from male and female goat kids, of different breeds and up to one year of age, were analyzed to determine egg and oocyst counts per gram of feces (EPG and OPG, respectively), and fecal culturing was performed to identify nematode genera. Helminth eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts were found in 93.06% (188/202) and 77.22% (156/202) of the fecal samples, respectively. From fecal cultures, the following genera were identified: Cooperia in 11.88% (24/202), Haemonchus in 51.98% (105/202), Oesophagostomum in 9.4% (19/202), Strongyloides in 5.94 (12/202) and Trichostrongylus in 20.79% (42/202) of the samples. The Eimeria species found were E. alijevi in 25.24% (51/202), E. arloingi in 7.42% (15/202), E. caprina in 2.97% (6/202), E. caprovina in 10.39% (21/202), E. christenseni in 4.45% (9/202), E. joklchijevi in 11.38% (23/202), E. hirci in 9.4% (19/202) and E. ninakohlyakimovae in 28.71% (58/202) samples. Among the gastrointestinal parasites, the genus Haemonchus and two Eimeria species (E. ninakohlyakimovae and E. alijevi) were predominants.

scholarly journals Parasite prevalence among equidae in the backland of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Clairton Bruno Rodrigues de Morais ◽  
Juliano Martins Santiago ◽  
Marilene Maria de Lima ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Cavalcante Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Administration Schedule ◽  
Extensive Grazing ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
One Year ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal and lung parasites in equidae reared in the backland of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil and also evaluate the influence of equidae species, rearing system, age group, and anthelmintic administration schedule the infection level. 185 fecal samples were randomly collected in cities in the backland of Pernambuco. After collection, the material was submitted to a qualitative coproparasitological analyses and number of eggs and larvae of parasites. The horses were found to have lower EPG count than the donkeys. Regarding the rearing system, equidae reared in pasture had higher EPG counts than those confined in pens. Moreover, foals under one year old have lower EPG count than those between one and two years old. No difference was found in EPG count among de equidae that received anthelmintic at different frequencies, while the horses and donkeys had a higher amount of Cyathostominae than of other nematodes researched. It is concluded that, in the backland of Pernambuco, most equidae had light to moderate parasite loads, with a predominance of the Cyathostominae e Strongylinae subfamilies, with no horses, donkeys, or mules infected by Dictyocaulus arnfieldi. In addition, the donkeys had higher parasite loads than the horses and the extensive grazing system presents a greater risk of infections by nematodes.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites In Domestic Ruminants From Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummey Shameem ◽  
Sanapala Malathi ◽  
Komali Marlapudi
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
One Year

Abstract Coprological studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth (GI) parasites in domestic ruminants from Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, were carried out for a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. Fecal examination was done using direct smear, sedimentation and floatation methods. Altogether 3,527 fecal samples were examined including 595 from cows, 485 from buffaloes, 1342 from sheep and 1105 from goat. Out of 3,527 fecal samples examined, 1084 were found to be positive with three groups of gastrointestinal parasites (GI) showing an overall prevalence of 30.7%. Maximum infection was noted with nematodes (39.1%) and trematodes (37.3%), least infection was noted with cestodes (3.5%) and mixed infections were found to be moderate (20.01%). Host wise prevalence of parasitic infection has shown highest in the case of cattle recording 43.03%, followed by 40.8% in buffaloes, 29.4% in sheep, and 21.4% in goats. Total six varieties of parasites were recorded, the predominant being Haemonchus (Strongyle group) (29.25%), followed by Paramphistomum (25.5%), Fasciola (11.9%), Strongyloides (7.6%), Moniezia (3.5%) and Trichuris (2.2%). Season wise data on prevalence showed, high rate of infection in summer season (32.0%) when compared to winter (30.2%) and rainy (29.9%) seasons. Further studies are needed to design a rational for sustainable management of GI parasite infections in domestic animals of local regions.

scholarly journals Host factors associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs across multiple diagnostic tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Uiterwijk ◽  
Rolf Nijsse ◽  
Frans N. J. Kooyman ◽  
Jaap A. Wagenaar ◽  
Lapo Mughini-Gras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess potential associations between Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs, as determined by three diagnostic tests, and dog’s group of origin, fecal consistency, age, sex, neuter status, and co-infections with other gastrointestinal parasites. Methods Fecal samples from 1291 dogs from four groups (household, shelter, hunting and clinical dogs) were tested with qPCR, rapid enzyme immunochromatographic assay (IDEXX SNAP®Giardia), and direct immunofluorescence (DFA, Merifluor) for presence of G. duodenalis. Moreover, fecal samples were tested with centrifugation sedimentation flotation (CSF) coproscopical analysis for presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs). Results Several significant associations were found, of which a few were consistent for all three tests and Giardia positivity in general (positive with at least one of these tests). Dogs older than one year were significantly less likely to test positive for Giardia than younger dogs. Group-housed dogs, especially hunting dogs, were significantly more likely to test positive for Giardia compared to household and clinical dogs. A consistently significant association with Trichuris appeared to be driven by the high prevalence in hunting dogs. Although there was no significant association between loose stool and Giardia infection in the overall population, household dogs were significantly more likely to test Giardia-positive when having loose stool. Overall, Giardia-positive dogs with loose stool shed significantly more cysts, both determined semi-quantitatively with CSF and quantitatively by qPCR, than positive dogs with no loose stool. When other gastrointestinal parasites were present, significantly fewer cysts were detected with CSF, but this was not confirmed with qPCR. Conclusion Giardia is the most common gastrointestinal parasite in Dutch dogs, except for hunting dogs, in which Trichuris and strongyle-type eggs (hookworms) prevailed. Giardia infection was not significantly associated with loose stool, except for household dogs. Young dogs and group-housed dogs were significantly more often Giardia-positive. These associations were consistent across diagnostic tests. Young dogs, clinical dogs and dogs with loose stool shed Giardia cysts in the highest numbers. If another gastrointestinal parasite was present lower numbers of cysts were observed by microscope (CSF), but not with a molecular method (qPCR).

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Miranda Donkeys: Epidemiology and Selective Control of Strongyles Infection in the Northeast of Portugal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Sérgio Ramalho Sousa ◽  
Sofia Anastácio ◽  
Miguel Nóvoa ◽  
Adolfo Paz-Silva ◽  
Luís Manuel Madeira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism

In Portugal, equine parasitism in pasture animals is characterized by high parasitic burden and high helminthic biodiversity; both factors are potentially pathogenic for their hosts. The decrease in the number of donkeys over the last years in Portugal, their importance in rural lowland and mountain ecosystems and pastures and the scarce information regarding their parasitism led to this research, which aimed to evaluate the parasitological status of a Miranda donkey breed population, a native breed mainly located in the northeast of Portugal. This study provides better knowledge of their gastrointestinal parasitism, particularly strongyles, and the assessment of a targeted selective treatment (TST) as an alternative control approach of their parasitism. A longitudinal observational study was developed during a period of five years in a population of 62 Miranda donkeys. At first, strategic deworming of these animals was performed every semester, but this was progressively replaced by a TST approach according to the levels of Eggs per Gram (EPG). This new deworming strategy was conducted in association with a regular parasitological monitoring of the animals every three months, being dewormed with ivermectin when egg shedding was higher than 500 EPG. Over the study period, a decrease of the annual prevalence rate of infection by gastrointestinal strongyles was observed, from 35.5% to 19.4%, as well as a negative binomial distribution of parasitic strongyles in donkeys submitted to selective anthelminthic control. The prevalence rate of infection was higher in females (39.5%), in individuals under four years (46.7%) and in those presenting a lower body condition (40.8%). The egg output was higher in animals younger than four years (589.3 EPG) than in those older than 10 years (533.6 EPG) (p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed according to sex during the study period. Results from this study allowed to note the influence of swampy pastures and of the weather changes in the epidemiology of strongylosis in Miranda donkeys. Moreover, it was possible to establish the annual epidemiological curve of strongyle egg shedding, with June being the month with the highest EPG, December having the lowest EPG and March and September showing intermediate numbers. Overall, a lower biodiversity of gastrointestinal parasites was observed. Cyathostomum sensu lato was the most prevalent genus and Strongylus vulgaris was the most observed large strongyle of the Strongylidae family. Trichostrongylus axei and Parascaris sp. were other nematodes with a minor frequency. The higher prevalence of strongyles at the beginning of the study showed a progressive decrease throughout the research period, and also for parasite biodiversity. Therefore, a targeted selective treatment seems to be a rational anthelminthic control approach in Miranda donkey strongyle infection and in other gastrointestinal parasites, since it reduces the antiparasitic treatments, the parasite’ prevalence and the EPG level. However, a loss of parasite biodiversity was noted at the end of the study period, as Cyathostominae were the only isolated strongyles. This can be a challenging situation in the long run, taking the ability of these nematodes to adapt easily to any deworming program, meaning that fecal EPG monitoring should be kept as a rule to a rational parasite control program.

scholarly journals Haemonchus contortus resistance to monepantel in sheep: fecal egg count reduction tests and randomized controlled trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Carvalho Martins ◽  
Paula Luzia Formigoni Bergamasco ◽  
Gustavo Felippelli ◽  
José Hairton Tebaldi ◽  
Marcela Figueredo Duarte Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
New Class ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Technical Guidance

Worm infections are a major cause of economic losses in sheep farming, and their control depends essentially on anthelmintic drugs. After decades without the discovery of new drug types, a new class of anthelmintics, called aminoacetonitrile derivatives, represented by monepantel, was released on the market. In order to evaluate a report of low efficacy of monepantel on a sheep farm in the municipality of Taiúva, state of São Paulo, Brazil, fecal egg count reduction and critical tests were performed on a Haemonchus contortus strain collected from this farm. To this end, ten animals were experimentally infected with 5000 H. contortus third-stage larvae, and these animals were divided into two groups, control and treated, according to the treatment with monepantel. The parameters evaluated were reduction in fecal egg counts on post-treatment days (PTD) 0, 2, 4, 7 and 14, and the therapeutic efficacy at the end of this period. Egg count reduction was observed starting on PTD 2, with a maximum reduction of 32.89% recorded on PTD 14. The critical test revealed 24.65% efficacy, indicating resistance to the active ingredient monepantel. The ineffectiveness of monepantel may be associated with the excessive use of the anthelmintic, which the farmer administered at intervals of less than one month, without technical guidance or a defined criterion. Given that the anthelmintic was used on this farm for less than one year, according to the farmer, it can be inferred that H. contortus develops resistance to monepantel in a few generations if the product is used incorrectly.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Endoparasite Infection on Red Foot (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in Surabaya City Based on Fecal Examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nurin Ardhiani ◽  
Endang Suprihati ◽  
Aditya Yudhana ◽  
Faisal Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Balantidium Coli ◽  
Chi Square Test

Infectious disease which caused by parasite is the most serious problem in tortoise breeding. This study identifies gastrointestinal endoparasites infection on Red Foot (Chelonoidis carbonaria) during November 2020 to February 2021 in Surabaya City. Fecal samples from a tortoise, a total of 14 tortoises were collected and examined by native, sedimentation and floatation methods for parasitic eggs and oocyst. Fecal samples for this research were collected from breeding farm in Surabaya City. Data obtained from this study were presented descriptively and analyzed by Chi-Square test. Based on examination results, the occurrence of gastrointestinal endoparasite infection on Red foot was recorded at 100% from the total samples. The gastrointestinal parasites were identified as helminths and protozoa namely which is dominately by Tachygonetria spp. (14%), Angusticaecum spp. (3%), and Balantidium coli (2%) respectively. The provision of deworming medication as a curative measure by the owner is carried out regularly and continuously on tortoises that are positively infected with gastrointestinal endoparasites and prevention can be done by paying attention to the management and cleanliness of the cage to prevent potential transmission of endoparasites from the environment to the tortoise.

scholarly journals Prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiand Other Gastrointestinal Parasites in Domestic Cats from Households in Thika Region, Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Nyambura Njuguna ◽  
John Maina Kagira ◽  
Simon Muturi Karanja ◽  
Maina Ngotho ◽  
Lucy Mutharia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum

Gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites of domestic cats (Felis catus) not only cause morbidity but are also potential zoonotic agents. The current study aimed at establishing the prevalence of GIT parasites in cats kept by households in Thika region, Kenya. Fecal samples were collected randomly from 103 cats and analyzed for presence of parasites using standard parasitological methods. In descending order, the prevalence of the detected protozoa parasites wasIsosporaspp. 43.7% (95% CI: 40.4–47%),Cryptosporidiumspp. 40.8% (95% CI: 37.5–44.1%),Toxoplasma gondii7.8% (95% CI: 4.5–11.1%), andEntamoebaspp. 2.9% (95% CI: 1.6–6.2%). The prevalence of the observed helminths wasStrongyloides stercoralis43.7% (95% CI: 40.4–47%),Toxocara cati23.3% (95% CI: 20–26.6%),Ancylostomaspp. 9.7% (95% CI: 6.4–13%),Dipylidium caninum8.7% (95% CI: 5.4–12.0%), andAcanthocephalaspp. 1.9% (95% CI: 1–4.2%). The percentage of cats excreting at least one species of parasite was 73.2% (95% CI = 69.9–76.5%). The study shows that the cats have high spectrum (9) of parasites which are known to affect the cat’s health and some are of zoonotic significance.

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