scholarly journals The DESIGN OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ON A BALL MILL MACHINE TO PROCESS HOMOGENIZATION OF BLACK POWDER USING AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Oktober) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rofiq ◽  
Lalu Saefullah ◽  
Mohammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Black Powder ◽  
Shaft Diameter ◽  
The Military ◽  
Rocket Technology

Abstract: In the military world, battle technology has experienced very rapid development, both close-range combat and long-range combat. In long-distance combat the technology that is often used is rocket technology where this rocket technology can paralyze the enemy in large numbers. Black powder is a mixture of potassium nitrate (KNO3), carbon powder (C) and sulfur (S). (Evie Lestariana, LAPAN). The black powder itself functions as an igniter filling material for the propellant combustion process. This research is to design a tool to support the manufacture of black powder in the igniter filling to help the combustion of rockets, especially those owned by the Indonesian Army. This study uses an experimental method using empirical calculations to get a tool with the desired specifications. Before carrying out the calculations, the author collects research data to carry out calculations, the data collected are as follows: 1. Roller shaft rotation: 246 rpm, 2. Roller shaft torque: 4.0697 Nm, 3. Roller shaft diameter: 25 mm, 4. Pulley shaft diameter top: 100mm. The results obtained after carrying out the calculations are the diameter of the driving pulley 98 mm, the belt contact angle against the pulley 174.6º, and the length of the V-belt 453.14 mm, moment of inertia on the gearbox output shaft 1884,8 mm4.

scholarly journals The GRINDER CONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF A BALL MILL MACHINE FOR THE PROCESS OF HOMOGENIZING BLACK POWDER USING AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Oktober) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Arif Setiawan ◽  
Dedy Pradigdo ◽  
Farid Hendro Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Black Powder ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
The Military

Combat technology in the military world has undergone a very rapid development in both close combat and long-range combat. Long-range combat is identical to a rocket weapon where the rocket works because of the presence of an igniter that serves to burn the propellant so that when the propellant burns it will produce pressure that will push the rocket hurtling towards a predetermined target. Igniter is very important in the launch of rockets where the filling of the igniter is black powder that has been difficult to obtain because of the difficult manufacturing process and risk of explosion. This research aims to design a tool that can produce black powder with a large enough capacity and good quality and reduce the risk of explosions to support the manufacture of igniters for rocket launches, especially those owned by Indonesian Army. This research used pure experimental quantitative method with empirical calculations to obtain tools with the desired specifications. The results obtained after the calculation are the volume of octagonal prism tubes 2942.5 cm3, the total volume of steel balls with two size variations is 979.5 cm3, the maximum lendutan that occurs on the shaft of the player is 0.108 mm, so it is said to be safe.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMAND, MANAGEMENT, AND COMMUNICATIONS. TO CONTINUE IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS OR TO REMAIN IN SAME FIELD

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1887-1891
Author(s):  
Todor Kalinov
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Content Management ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Power Comparison ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Military Alliances ◽  
Military Systems ◽  
Military Command ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

Management and Command253 are two different words and terms, but military structures use them as synonyms. Military commanders’ authorities are almost equal in meaning to civilian managers’ privileges and power. Comparison between military command and the civilian management system structure, organization, and way of work shows almost full identity and overlapping. The highest in scale and size military systems are national ministries of defense and multinational military alliances and coalitions. Military systems at this level combine military command structures with civilian political leadership and support elements. Therefore, they incorporate both military command and civilian management organizations without any complications, because their nature originated from same source and have similar framework and content. Management of organizations requires communication in order to plan, coordinate, lead, control, and conduct all routine or extraordinary activities. Immediate long-distance communications originated from telegraphy, which was firstly applied in 19th century. Later, long-distance communications included telephony, aerial transmitting, satellite, and last but not least internet data exchange. They allowed immediate exchange of letters, voice and images, bringing to new capabilities of the managers. Their sophisticated technical base brought to new area of the military command and civilian management structures. These area covered technical and operational parts of communications, and created engineer sub-field of science, that has become one of the most popular educations, worldwide. Communications were excluded from the military command and moved to separate field, named Computers and Communications. A historic overview and analysis of the command and management structures and requirements shows their relationships, common origin, and mission. They have significant differences: management and control are based on humanities, natural and social sciences, while communications are mainly based on engineering and technology. These differences do not create enough conditions for defragmentation of communications from the management structures. They exist together in symbiosis and management structures need communications in order to exist and multiply their effectiveness and efficiency. Future defragmentation between military command and communications will bring risks of worse coordination, need for more human resources, and worse end states. These risks are extremely negative for nations and should be avoided by wide appliance of the education and science among nowadays and future leaders, managers, and commanders.

Chinese Business Practice in the Late Imperial Period

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Zelin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Business In China ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of the Chinese economy over the past several decades has stimulated new interest in the institutions, practices, and social formations that supported the development of business in China before the intensification of pressure from Western traders to conform to “modern” practices in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article aims to provide a foundation for understanding merchant practice as it developed during the important years of market expansion during the last Chinese dynasty and to dispel some of the enduring myths about the Chinese merchant, his relationship to family, community, and the state, and the ideological constraints on his activities. To that end I examine several aspects of late imperial merchant culture, beginning with the everyday practices that allowed business to flourish in the Qing, turning next to the large social formations through which long-distance merchants in particular identified and pursued their interests, and ending with some preliminary thoughts on the impact of the laissez-faire policies of the last dynasty and their implications for post-Imperial China.

scholarly journals The Knowledge of a Selected Group of Medical Students on Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Henrykowska ◽  
Andrzej Buczyński ◽  
Małgorzata Lewicka ◽  
Magdalena Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The Military

Abstract During the last decades, there has been a rapid development in the research and use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO), and modern medicine is increasingly taking advantage of its beneficial effects. The aim of the study was to check the level of knowledge of future doctors (medical students) on hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The survey was conducted among 240 students of the medical faculty (3rd and 5th year of study) of the Military and Medical Faculty of the Medical University of Lodz. The author’s questionnaire with forced-choice questions was used as research tool. The students’ knowledge of hyperbaric oxygen therapy was varied and in some cases was not dependent on the year of study. It was observed that students’ knowledge of the subject matter depends on the number of teaching hours allocated to it.

Chirp Spreading Spectrum in Imperfect Environment and Wireless Tree Topology Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Li ◽  
Dongyan Zhao ◽  
Xiaoke Tang ◽  
Jie Gan ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Tree Topology ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Target Node ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
And Performance

With the rapid development of IoT technology in recent years, higher requirements have been put forward for wireless communication technology. Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology is emerging rapidly, the technology is characterized by low power consumption, low bandwidth, long-distance, and a large number of connections, and is specifically designed for Internet of Things applications. LoRa (Low Power Long Range Transceiver), as a typical representative of LPWAN technology, has been widely concerned and studied. This paper analyzes the performance of LoRa modulation in the tree topology network and analyzes the performance of LoRa modulation in the imperfect environment for point-to-point communication and multipoint-to-point communication. From theoretical analysis and performance simulation, it can be seen that the influence of frequency offset or multipath fading on LoRa signal is very obvious. However, when LoRa modulation is used for networking, multi-user interference will be introduced. Under the influence of many imperfect factors, the signal receiver performance of LoRa modulation will be difficult to guarantee. Because of these effects, Coordinated Multiple Points based on Timing Delay (DCoMP) is presented. Multiple nodes close to each other send the same data to the target node. Due to the inaccurate synchronization between nodes, there will be a certain relative delay when sending signals to the same target node. After the receiving node combines the signals of multiple nodes according to different relative delays, the reception performance of the signals can be improved. At the same time, the cooperative node can also actively adjust the signal sending time to improve the reception performance of the receiving node signal merging algorithm. LoRa modulation, by using DCoMP transmission, improves the reception of signals and thus the overall capacity of the system. Through the analysis of multipoint communication and single point communication, this paper is of great help to LoRa network deployment.

Study of Voice Communication System Based on FreeSWITCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Fu Xing Qin ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Switching Network ◽  
Circuit Switching ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Soft Switch ◽  
Voice Communication ◽  
Controlled Switching ◽  
Traditional Program

With the rapid development of communication technology, modern communication technology has been widely penetrated into modern national defense, science and technology, people's life and other fields, and has become a means to provide high-quality and seamless information communication between people and machines. With the rapid development of computer technology and the Internet, the traditional program-controlled switching technology has come to an end, and the soft-switch network based on IP technology and packet switching has gradually replaced the program-controlled switching network based on circuit switching and become the mainstream of today's communication network world. The rapid development of VOIP telephony reduces the cost of domestic and international long-distance telephony, benefiting consumers. Digital mobile communication expands channel capacity, improves service quality and promotes the rapid development of this industry. Based on the secondary development of the open source FreeSWITCH software, this paper develops a VOIP voice system based on IP technology to meet different user needs intelligently [1].

Distal radical migration strategy: an emerging synthetic means

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weipeng Li ◽  
Wentao Xu ◽  
Jin Xie ◽  
Shouyun Yu ◽  
Chengjian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Bond Functionalization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radical Migration

In the past three years, we have witnessed the rapid development of C–C and C–H bond functionalization by means of long-distance radical migration events which bring us a new platform to deal with the challenging C–C and C–H bond functionalization.

A Study on Travel Demand for High-Speed Train Based on Nested Logit Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 2096-2099
Author(s):  
En Jian Yao ◽  
Qi Rong Yang ◽  
Yong Sheng Zhang ◽  
Hong Na Dai
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stated Preference Data ◽  
Nested Structure

High speed train (HST) has received plenty of attention due to the characteristics of safety, quickness, convenience and better service in China over recent years. With consideration of rapid development of HST and intense competition between HST and other transport modes, it is essential to estimate the travel demand for HST. In this research, a disaggregate logit model is applied to estimate the travel demand for high-speed train based on stated preference data. Considering the independence of irrelevant alternatives attribute, a nested structure is chosen to these alternatives. Besides, both the service attributes of transport mode and passengers' attributes are taken into account when establishes model. The results obtained confirm that HST occupies a significant position in modes conpetition and have an important impact on air in middle and long distance market.

scholarly journals Random vibration analysis of an offshore flexible direct current converter valve

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 01050
Author(s):  
Wei Lv ◽  
Zhiyun Mao ◽  
Lihong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Random Vibration ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Current Converter ◽  
Random Vibration Analysis

With the rapid development of the direct-current grid technology and construction, the flexible direct-current transmission technology has been widely used in many aspects, such as long-distance large-capacity power transmissions, offshore platforms and island power supplies. The offshore flexible direct current converter valve will encounter a variety of unfavorable loads during the marine transportation and the long-term operation on the sea. The safety requirements of the offshore flexible direct current converter valve are higher as a result. Based on the structural characteristics of the converter valve, the converter valve is calculated by finite element method. Under two working conditions of the marine transportation and the long-term operation on the sea, this paper carries out modal analysis and random vibration analysis of the converter valve tower respectively. This paper gives the unfavorable position of the force from the calculation results, and provides a reference for the design and selection of the flexible direct current converter valve to meet the needs of the offshore converter station’s construction.

scholarly journals Feasibility Evaluation on Elimination of DC Filters for Line-Commutated Converter-Based High-Voltage Direct Current Projects in New Situations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5770
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Zheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Feasibility Evaluation

The line-commutated converter (LCC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has been widely applied on long-distance and bulk-capacity power transmission occasions. Due to the terrible interferences in the vicinity of communication lines, DC filters (DCFs) are always installed to mitigate the interferences within acceptable levels for almost all in-service overhead line transmission LCC-HVDC schemes. With the rapid development of the communication technology, however, the anti-interference capability of the telephone system has been remarkably improved. Thus, the original purpose of employing DCFs has been virtually absent, and the necessity of the DCFs shall be re-evaluated in sufficient depth not only for new LCC-HVDC projects, but also in the case of refurbishment of older projects. To demonstrate this constructive topic, this paper carries out a commercial ±800 kV/8000 MW LCC-HVDC project as an illustrative example to analyze and discuss those crucial aspects, which may influence the LCC-HVDC stable operation and reliability after removing the DCFs. Then, the paper studies the harmonic voltage/current stresses of the DC equipment, the DC loop low-order harmonic resonances, and the overvoltage under the switching surge and lightning stroke. Finally, it is concluded that the DCF elimination mainly affects the harmonic steady-state stresses of the DC equipment, but has little influence on the transient stresses. For the refurbishment of older projects, the evaluation on the cost between the DCFs’ maintenance cost and the equipment modification is needed for the DCFs’ elimination. For new LCC-HVDC projects, the DCFs’ elimination or at least simplification may be a more economical and attractive alternative, thereby reducing the footprint and cost.

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