Dual purpose wheat production with different levels of nitrogen topdressing

Currently, the practice of Crop-Livestock Integration is stimulated as a way of increasing the generation of foreign exchange for Brazil. Integrated systems improve land use efficiency as well as preserve, recover and increment or soil fertility. The aim of this research was to evaluate how different doses of nitrogen fertilization can affect production and quality of dual purpose wheat submitted to grazing. The experimental designed was randomized block with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 Kg N ha-1, like ammonium nitrate) and four repetitions. The forage yield, the percentage crude protein (P=.0001) and acid detergent insoluble protein (P=.0054) had a linear increased because of the nitrogen addition doses. The crude protein percentage changed the estimate of all soluble carbohydrates (P=.0001) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (P=.0186), but did not influence the, nitrogen detergent fiber corrected with ash and proteins percentage contributing for content cell. The crops production (P=.0001) and the number of kernels per ear (P=.0001) showed significantly difference because of the nitrogen additions dose, increasing the number of fertile flowers. The nitrogen topdressing alters forage production, the chemical composition and the production of dual purpose wheat grains subjected to grazing.

Download Full-text

Forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from dual-purpose cowpea cultivars for dry season, livestock and feeding in Nigeria

African Crop Science Journal ◽

10.4314/acsj.v29i4.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 483-496

Author(s):

N.J. Anyanwu ◽

O.S. Onifade ◽

J.A. Olanite ◽

V.I.O. Olowe ◽

B.O. Boukar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Season ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Forest Zone ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Humid Forest ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Humid Forest Zone ◽

Nutritive Quality

The availability of high quality forage, especially during the dry season remains a major challenge to ruminant livestock production in Nigeria and many parts of West Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from selected dual purpose cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars in the humid rain forest zone of Nigeria. The forage and pod yields of twenty cultivars were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Subsequently, five dual-purpose cultivars, namely IT04K-334-2, IT07K-293-3, IT04K-194-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, were selected based on forage and pod yields from previous trial, for determination of chemical and fibre compositions. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in pod and forage yields among the twenty cowpea cultivars, with yields ranging from 0-1.5 t ha-1 and 0.1-4.5 t ha-1 for pod and forage, respectively. Cultivars IT07K-293-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-194-3, IT04K-334-2, IT04K-267-8 and IT04K-339-1 recorded the highest fodder yields of at least 2715 t ha-1, with crude protein contents ranging from 10.49% in IT07K-194-3 to 13 .57 % in IT04K-405-5. Cultivars IT07K-194-3, IT07K-293-3, IT07K-220-1-9, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-187-55IT04K-332-1 recorded the highest pod yields (>700 t ha-1). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in crude protein, ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) contents among five cultivars selected from the top ten high yielding cultivars, based on mean ranking score. These selected cultivars are recommended as dual-purpose cowpea for the humid forest zone.

Download Full-text

Forage yield and quality of a dense thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" stand

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2007000300006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 341-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ivonete Alves Bakke ◽

Olaf Andreas Bakke ◽

Alberício Pereira Andrade ◽

Ignacio Hernan Salcedo

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Forage Production ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design

The objective of this work was to compare forage production and quality of thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret) in a dense planted stand, subjected to annual pruning of fine branches, in Patos, PB, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments (thornless and thorny "jurema-preta") in a complete randomized block design, with ten replicates of two linear plots subdivided in time. Forage mass and chemical composition of fine branches and the basal diameter of plants were measured during five years. Pruning decreased (p<0.05) increments in basal diameter and forage production. Annual dry matter yields reached 4,108 and 5,833 kg ha-1, respectively, for thornless and thorny plants, and forage quality was similar (p>0.05) for both genotypes. This roughage fodder (minimum NDF and ADF averages were 56±1.1% and 43±1.0%, respectively) had low P and K concentrations. Its average crude protein content was greater than 9.9±0.5%, which exceeds the minimum necessary for animal maintenance. Both "jurema-preta" genotypes tolerated pruning of fine branches and contributed with a significant amount of roughage fodder for animal maintenance in the dry season.

Download Full-text

Sowing Date and Genotype Influence on Yield and Quality of Dual-Purpose Barley in a Salt-Affected Arid Region

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 717

Author(s):

Ehab S. A. Moustafa ◽

El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽

Hossam I. A. Farag ◽

Mohamed A. T. Yasin ◽

Ahmed Attia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Forage Production ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Adaptation Capacity ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Yield Production

Dual-purpose barley is an alternative approach to producing high-quality forage yield plus an acceptable grain yield in marginal environments of arid regions that are characterized by lack of forage. Field experiment was performed in two consecutive growing seasons at an arid region affected by salinity in irrigation water and soil at Western Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. The study aimed to optimize sowing date and screen salt-tolerant barley genotypes that perform better in terms of forage yield and quality as well as grain and biomass yield production in salt-affected environment. Sowing dates, genotypes, and their interaction significantly impacted most of the studied variables such as forage yield, crude protein yield, and grain and biomass yields. The early sowing in late October yielded higher than intermediate sowing in mid-November and late sowing in early December. Some of the tested genotypes performed better than others as indicated by about 50% higher forage yield, 6% crude protein content, 39% grain and 21% biological yields (total aboveground dry matter), suggesting higher adaptation capacity. Interestingly, grain and biological yields did not differ significantly between dual-purpose approach and grain-only pattern. In conclusion, dual-purpose barley was found favorable for producing grain and forage production in similar environments under early sowing date.

Download Full-text

Intercropping Pattern and N Fertilizer Schedule Affect the Performance of Additively Intercropped Maize and Forage Cowpea in the Mediterranean Region

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010107 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Heba S. A. Salama ◽

Ali I. Nawar ◽

Hassan E. Khalil

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Economic Value ◽

Farming System ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Equivalent Ratio ◽

Land Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Intercropping Pattern

Intercropping maize and forage cowpea is a widely proposed strategy to improve land use efficiency, and maximize the economic value of the farming system, especially in developing countries with restricted resources. The current study was carried out during the successive summers of 2020 and 2021 in Northern Egypt. The main objective was to evaluate the effect of three N schedules (NS1, NS2, NS3), when three different maize–cowpea intercropping patterns (IP1, IP2, IP3) were applied, on the grain yield of maize, forage yield and quality of forage cowpea. In addition, yield gain and land use efficiency were evaluated using the land equivalent ratio (LER) and dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) indices. Results revealed that the intercropping patterns that provided wider spacings for the component crops and reduced the competition between them, mainly IP3, resulted in the best performances for the two crops. This was clear for maize ear and grain yields, 100-grain weight and harvest index, in addition to cowpea fresh and dry forage yields, crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates of the three cuts. Regarding the applied N schedules, NS1 which included the application of a N starter dose with sowing proved to be the most efficient schedule that led to the best performance for both crops. Maize produced 9.07 t ha−1 grain yield under IP3 and NS1. In addition, the application of IP3 resulted in the highest significant cowpea dry forage yield (DFY), with the highest crude protein (CP) content. The DFY of cuts 1, 2, and 3 amounted to 1.27, 0.45, and 0.24 t ha−1, while the CP content for the three respective cuts reached 159.49, 157.96, and 148.91 g kg−1. Nonetheless, NS1 produced a reasonable amount of DFY with high CP content. It is recommended to follow the third proposed intercropping pattern (IP3) and to include a nitrogen starter dose (NS1) in the fertilization scheme to ensure highest productivity from the intercropped maize and forage cowpea.

Download Full-text

Influence of irrigation intervals on dry matter yield, concentration of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in Lablab purpureus and Sorghum almum fodder in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v32i2.1094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 280-286

Author(s):

I.R. Muhammad ◽

B. Abdullahi ◽

A.K. Mohammed ◽

R.J Tanko ◽

M.S. Kallah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Lablab Purpureus ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Irrigation Interval ◽

Sudan Savanna ◽

Mean Concentration

Irrigation trials were conducted in the late dry season (March to June) with Lublab (Lablab purpureus) and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (IDM/ha), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus(P) in dual-purpose lablab bean and Sorghum almum at 3 irrigation schedules (5, 7 and 10 days irrigation interval). The results obtained showed dry matter yield in lablab increased (P<0.05) and varied from 1.7 to 11.7 IDM/ha. Calcium and P concentrations differed significantly (P<0.05). Mean CP for the lablab was 15.57%. Dry matter yield obtained for Sorghum almum varied (P<0.05) from 11.07 to 19.6 tDM/ha. Concentration of CP and Ca rose and declined thereafter with a mean concentration of 9.86% for CP und 0.08% for Ca while P declined consistently (P<0.05). Intervals of irrigation days had a relationship (P<0.05) with DM/ha, Ca and P in lablab. The increasing trend in foruye yield with increased irrigation interval showed optimum irrigation interval was not attained. It is therefore recommended that longer irrigation intervals be tried to determine the optimum irrigation interval after which forage yield would be depressed due to moisture stress. From the results of the present study Sorghum almum and lablab would be grown successfully at a 10-day irrigation interval.

Download Full-text

Potential of Lablab purpureus accessions for crop-livestock production in the West African savanna

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859606006599 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 145 (3) ◽

pp. 229-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. U. EWANSIHA ◽

U. F. CHIEZEY ◽

S. A. TARAWALI ◽

E. N. O. IWUAFOR

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Grain Production ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Lablab Purpureus ◽

Forage Production ◽

Moist Savanna ◽

Savanna Zone

The introduction and use of herbaceous legumes may contribute to agricultural intensification, especially in the context of sustainable crop and livestock production systems. In the context of evaluating different legume species for these systems in moist savanna zone of West Africa, the present study involved the evaluation of 46 accessions of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet between 2000 and 2002 at Samaru, Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to identify accessions with the potential to contribute to grain or forage production and those with the potential for multiple use. Grain yields (0·6–2·4 t/ha) with a mean seed crude protein and phosphorus content of 25·3 and 0·46 g/kg, respectively, were obtained. Dry matter yields (leaf: 0·3–3·1, stem: 0·2–4·6, root: 0·03–0·3 t/ha) were produced between 40 and 140 days after planting. Within this same period up to 1152 kg shoot crude protein/ha, equivalent to 184 kg N/ha, were recorded for accessions. Ten accessions that may contribute to grain production, eight accessions that may contribute to forage production and six accessions with drought tolerance were identified. Some white-seeded accessions (Grif 1246, ILRI 4612 and PI 183451) with good grain and forage yield and high-protein content have the potential to provide more and higher quality food for people and feed for livestock. The observed potential to contribute to grain production for protein-rich food, feed for livestock and green manure for soil N improvement suggests lablab may be an acceptable legume option for use in cereal-legume-livestock systems in the moist savanna zone of West Africa.

Download Full-text

Increase in Milk Yield from Cows through Improvement of Forage Production Using the N2-Fixing Legume Leucaena leucocephala in a Silvopastoral System

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Lucero Sarabia-Salgado ◽

Francisco Solorio-Sánchez ◽

Luis Ramírez-Avilés ◽

Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽

Juan Ku-Vera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Milk Production ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Silvopastoral System ◽

Forage Production ◽

N Transfer ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate milk production, N2-fixation and N transfer, forage yield and composition (under two cutting intervals) in a silvopastoral system (SPS) with Leucaena leucocephala-Megathyrsus maximus and M. maximus-monoculture (MMM) with crossbred cows in a completely randomized design. Forage yield in the SPS was 6490 and 6907 kg DM ha−1 for cutting intervals (CI) of 35 and 50 days. Forage yield for the MMM was 7284 and 10,843 kg DM ha−1, and forage crude protein (CP) was 29.0% and 26.1% for L. leucocephala, harvested at 35 and 50 days, respectively. CP for the associated M. maximus was 9.9% and 7.8% for CI 35 and 50 days, respectively, and for MMM was 7.4% and 8.4%, harvested at 35 and 50 days. Milk production was 4.7 kg cow−1 day−1 for cows grazing MMM and 7.4 kg cow−1 day−1 under SPS. Nitrogen fixation in L. leucocephala (%Ndfa) was estimated to be 89% and 95%, at 35 and 50 days, with an N2 transfer to the associated grass of 34.3% and 52.9%. SPS has the potential to fix and transfer important amounts of N2 to the associated grass, and increase forage CP content and milk production.

Download Full-text

The evaluation of dual-purpose groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties for fodder and seed production at Shika, Nigeria

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600008571 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 75-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. T. OMOKANYE ◽

O. S. ONIFADE ◽

P. E. OLORUNJU ◽

A. M. ADAMU ◽

R. J. TANKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Production Systems ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Seed Yields ◽

The Relationship ◽

Forage Yields

At Shika in a subhumid environment of Nigeria, a 3-year study was carried out to select newly developed groundnut varieties for use in crop–livestock production systems. The study examined 11 groundnut varieties. Emergence time, plant stands at full emergence, forage and seed yields and yield components were examined. Whole plant samples were analysed for crude protein (CP) content. Varieties ICGV 87123 gave the lowest forage yield and cultivar M517-80I, the highest, with seven varieties recording forage yields above 5 t/ha. The CP content of forage was lowest (14·8%) for variety M576-80I and highest (21·6%) for variety M554-76. Mean seed yield (over 3 years) varied significantly from 0·73 to 1·68 t/ha. Only two varieties had mean seed yield >1 t/ha. The relationship between seed and forage yields was positive and significant (r = 0·529, P < 0·006). Varieties RMP 12, 88-80I and M517–80 were most promising for both forage and seed production.

Download Full-text

Effect of various levels of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2017.2.2.15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 197-200

Author(s):

Rajeev Kumar ◽

Sanjeev Kumar ◽

Anil Kumar ◽

B. B. Singh ◽

Ravendra Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Yield And Quality

A field experiment was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Botany, Janta Mahavidiyalaya Ajeetmal, Auraiya (C. S. J. M. University, Kanpur) during 2014, to evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize. 3 treatments were taken up (viz.,T1 75, T2 100 and T3 125 kg nitrogen ha-1 along with control (T0).Plant height, dry matter accumulations (t ha-1), forage yield (t ha-1) increased with increasing levels of nitrogen, while stem diameters (cm), leaf area (cm2), fresh weight (g), crude protein percent decreased with increasing levels of nitrogen.

Download Full-text

Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) for grain and forage production in the Ord irrigation area

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9830162 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (121) ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

IM Wood

Keyword(s):

Sowing Date ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Grain Production ◽

Lablab Purpureus ◽

Forage Production ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Forage Yields

Grain and forage production of six accessions (Rongai, Highworth, T58/ 13, CPI 3 1 1 13, CPI 41 222 and CPI 60 216) of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) were measured over two seasons in the Ord Irrigation Area. All accessions were quantitative short day plants, flowering during the early dry season (May-July). Forage yields at flowering were generally unaffected by sowing date for sowings made between December and February, but declined with later sowings. There were marked differences between accessions in the forage yield at flowering, and the peak yield of 8.6 t/ha was obtained with a December sowing of accessions T58/ 13; this comprised 3.6 t/ha of leaf containing 3.7% nitrogen and 5.0 t/ha of stem containing 1.1 % nitrogen. The uptake of nitrogen by the tops between sowing and flowering ranged up to 1.8 kg/ha.d (1 94 kg N in 108 days) indicating the potential value of lablab as a green manure crop. Grain yields ranged from 0.27 to 3.05 t/ha over all sowing dates and accessions with the peak yield being obtained in a February sowing of cv. Highworth. All accessions became smaller and bushier as sowing was delayed. This facilitated harvesting for grain. Cutting and removal of foliage at the onset of flowering led to rapid regrowth and renewed flowering, and gave grain yields up to 90% of those obtained from undefoliated treatments. The cultivar Highworth was best for grain production and for dual purpose forage and grain production.

Download Full-text