Humoral immune response in beef heifers supplemented with mineral salt with or without the addition of rumen-protected methionine

The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response in beef heifers supplemented with mineral supplementation with or without the addition of rumen-protected methionine. Forty-eight Brangus nulliparous heifers were distributed into four experimental groups with three replications each: control group without supplementation and without vaccination (CG01), control group without supplementation and with vaccination (CG02), treatment group with mineral supplementation and vaccination (TG01), and treatment group with mineral supplementation added with protected methionine and vaccination (TG02). The animals were maintained under native pasture with access to water ad libitum and the supplementation was available in high-consumption covered troughs. A supplementation period of 60 days prior to vaccinations was adopted until the first dose of a monovalent experimental vaccine inactivated for BoHV-5 was applied as a method of stimulating the immune response to evaluate the supplementation effects. After a 21-day interval, blood samples were collected to evaluate the humoral response and the second vaccine booster dose was applied following the 21-day interval for new blood samples in order to evaluate the immune response against the two-vaccination protocol. From the beginning of the experiment, the animals were weighed on the days ?60, ?10, 0, 21, and 42 in relation to the vaccine protocol. The experimental groups did not differ for body weight, mean daily weight gain, and body condition score after 102 days of supplementation regardless of the treatment. No animals belonging to CG01 seroconverted throughout the experiment, proving that there was no introduction of the agent (BoHV) in the studied area. When vaccinated animals were compared to the CG01 control group, statistically higher levels of neutralizing antibodies (P ? 0.0001) and IgG (P ? 0.0001) were verified 21 days after the second vaccine dose. Among the animals of the three vaccinated groups, there was no difference in seroconversion and IgG production. Therefore, no benefits of mineral supplementation or enriched with protected methionine were observed for the humoral immune response of the studied animals.

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The expression of an intraspecific aggressive reaction in the face of a stressor agent alters the immune response in rats

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842005000200003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 203-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. M. Barreto-Medeiros ◽

E. G. Feitoza ◽

K. Magalhães ◽

R. R. da Silva ◽

F. M. Manhães-de-Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Aggressive Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

The Face ◽

Intraspecific Aggressiveness ◽

Specific Humoral Response

The repercussion on the immune response of the expression of intraspecific aggressiveness in the face of a stressor agent was investigated in rats. Ninety-day-old animals were divided into three groups: the control group (only immunological measurements were performed), the foot-shock (FS) (animals individually receiving FS), and the intraspecific aggressive response (IAR) group (animals receiving FS and presenting IAR). For immunological measurements, blood samples were collected promptly at 7 and 15 days after FS or IAR. The FS reduced the total leukocyte amount presented. However, aggressiveness triggered not only reduction of the leukocytes, but also lymphocyte decrease and neutrophil increase. Moreover, an elevation in total leukocytes associated with an increase in the humoral immune response was also observed one week after IAR. In this study, the expression of intraspecific aggressiveness in the face of a stressor seemed to activate the immune system and to potentiate the antigen specific humoral response.

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Impact of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Administered in ovo on the Immune Response against Experimental Antigens in Chicken Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 643

Author(s):

Tadeusz Stefaniak ◽

Jan P. Madej ◽

Stanisław Graczyk ◽

Maria Siwek ◽

Ewa Łukaszewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Treated Group ◽

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

In Ovo ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Air Chamber

The effect of the in ovo application of selected prebiotics and synbiotics on the humoral immune response against T-dependent (SRBC) and T-independent (dextran) antigens and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to phytohemagglutinin was studied. On the 12th day of incubation, 800 eggs (Ross 308) were divided into five groups and injected into the egg air chamber with prebiotic inulin (Pre1), Bi2tos (Pre2), a synbiotic composed of inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 (Syn1), a synbiotic composed of Bi2tos and L. lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1 (Syn2), and physiological saline (control group; C). The chickens were immunized twice at the 7th and 21st day of life with SRBC and dextran. A DTH test was performed on the 7th, 21st, and 35th day. The application of prebiotics and synbiotics had no significant effect on the humoral immune response. SRBC-immunized in ovo Pre1- and Pre2-treated chickens showed significantly higher serum IgG levels than the control. A significant effect on the DTH reaction was detected on the 7th (Pre1 < C) and 21st (Pre2 > Syn2) day. However; Bi2tos may transiently stimulate the cellular immune response on the 21st day. It may be concluded that the application of inulin in an egg air chamber on the 12th day of incubation may stimulate the secondary immune response. The inulin-treated group exhibited a lower mortality rate than the control group.

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The meningococcal antibody test: how useful in the diagnosis of meningococcal disease?

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268804003425 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

pp. 217-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. WEIS ◽

L. BERTHELSEN ◽

H. WACHMANN ◽

I. LIND

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Older Children ◽

Key Factors ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Humoral Immune

Based on 92537 blood samples received from 7365 patients with a request for a meningococcal antibody test (MAT) during a 10-year period (1986–1995), the usefulness of the test in the diagnosis of meningococcal disease was assessed. Of 635 patients with culture-confirmed meningococcal disease, 88% were seronegative on admittance to hospital and 90% were seropositive 10–15 days after onset of disease. The humoral immune response in children <2 years of age was weaker than in older children and adults. Among 893 MAT-positive patients without culture-confirmed meningococcal disease, 261 (29%) had been notified as cases of meningococcal disease. Among 228 patients notified as serologically confirmed the MAT results were consistent with the clinical diagnosis in 86%. MAT is a reliable tool for establishing a diagnosis in patients with suspected meningococcal disease. Key factors facilitating appropriate interpretation of negative as well as positive test results were: time(s) of sampling(s) after onset of disease, age of the patient and clinical features.

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Should be a Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19-Vaccine Administered in Patients with Myelofibrosis Under Ruxolitinib?

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2021-146381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2573-2573

Author(s):

Giovanni Caocci ◽

Olga Mulas ◽

Daniela Mantovani ◽

Alessandro Costa ◽

Andrea Galizia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Present Report ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Humoral Response ◽

The Other ◽

World Health ◽

International Prognostic Scoring System ◽

Humoral Immune

Abstract Introduction. Patients with Myelofibrosis (MF) are considered fragile and thus eligible in Italy for COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. According to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), patients with intermediate and high MF, may receive clinical benefits from ruxolitinib, the first approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor. Given the potent anti-inflammatory properties of ruxolitinib against immunocompetent cells, we previously reported a lower but non-statistically absolute IgG anti-Spike humoral response in vaccinated MF patients treated with ruxolitinib. In the present report we extended the cohort of MF patients. Methods. All MF patients received 2 injections of 30 ug per dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine 3 weeks apart, according to the standard protocol. After injection, mild pain at the injection site was frequently reported. No serious adverse events were registered. The serum level of IgG anti-Spike glycoprotein was tested after a median time of 45 days (range 40-60) from the second vaccine dose, using the approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG CLIA (LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay, Diasorin, Saluggia, Italy). An Arbitrary Units per milliliter (AU/mL) ratio of <12.0 was considered to be negative, 12.0-15.0 AU/mL to be borderline and >15 AU/mL to be positive. A conversion of AU/mL to binding antibody units (BAU/mL) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines was achieved considering the following equation: BAU/mL = 2.6*AU/mL. Results. Overall, 30 MF patients (median age 65 years, range 48-83) were vaccinated. A diagnosis of primary MF was reported in 21 cases (70%), post essential thrombocythemia-MF in 6 (20%) patients and post polycythemia vera-MF in 3 (10%) patients; 23 out of 30 patients (76.6%) were positive for the JAK2V617F, 5 (16.6%) for CALR mutation, 1 (3.3%) for MPL mutation and 1 patient (3.3%) resulted triple negative. Splenomegaly was observed in 14 patients (46%) and 19 (63.3%) reported comorbidities. Nineteen patients (63.3%) were classified as DIPSS low or intermediate-1 risk, and 11 (36.6%) as intermediate-2 or high risk. Fifteen patients (50%) were receiving ruxolitinib, at a median total dose of 20 mg/die (range 20-40 mg) and the remaining 15 patients other treatments (8 patients hydroxyurea and 7 only supportive therapy). None of the patients reported COVID-19 infection neither previous nor subsequently to vaccination. Overall, a positive immune response against COVID-19 was observed in 8 out of 15 patients (53.3%) in the ruxolitinib group, in comparison with 13 out 15 patients (86.6%) in the other treatment group (p=0,046). The absolute IgG anti-Spike value was lower in the ruxolitinib group (median 35.2±49.81) in comparison with the other group (median 226.1±163.9; p=<0.001), Figure 1. In univariate analysis, only ruxolitinib treatment was found associated with a lower humoral immune response to the vaccine. Conclusions. MF patients under ruxolitinib achieved a lower humoral immune response in comparison with MF patients who underwent other treatments. No COVID-19 infection was observed in both groups after vaccination, after a median follow up of 3 months since the second dose. Whether patients with a potential insufficient humoral response to vaccine will benefit from a third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is a matter of further investigation. Our preliminary data need to be confirmed in larger cohort of MF patients. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Murru: Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel and accommodation; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria.

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Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection in the population of an oncology hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization are needed.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-858160/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Piotr Kosiorek ◽

Dorota Kazberuk ◽

Anna Hryniewicz ◽

Robert Milewski ◽

Samuel Stróż ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Post Infection ◽

Half Life ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Hospital Laboratory ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Chemiluminescent Immunoassay

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. Our study aimed to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post-SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in hospital laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay - CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a rise of antibodies response in both convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from the control group. Based on our analysis, we suggest that it is essential to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and equivalent to the effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Considering the time-limited nature of the effects of post-infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for the next vaccination.

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Differences in systemic humoral immune response among Balb/c mice administered with probiotic, LPS Escherichia coli, and probiotic-LPS E. coli

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v11i4.1466 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kurniawan Taufiq Kadafi ◽

Satrio Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Control Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 2

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the systemic humoral immune responses, including IgE, IgA, IgG and IgM levels in Balb/c mice administered a probiotic, LPS derived from Escherichia coli (E.coli), and probiot- ic-LPS derived from E. coli. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Balb/c mice, 10-12 weeks of age with body weight ranging from 30-40 g were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=8). The treatment regimens were as follows: Group 1, mice did not receive LPS or probiotic (control group); Group 2, mice received only LPS on the first day; Group 3, mice received probi- otic for 7 days; Group 4, mice received LPS on the first day, and then continued, with probiotic for 7 days. The mice were observed for 8 days, and then, euthanized the next day (day 9). The serum was collected, and the levels of IgE, IgA, IgG and IgM were measured using ELISA. Results: The humoral immune response was higher in the presence of a probiotic compared to that in the control; IgE (9.02 ± 0.58 units/ml, p=0.000), IgA (3.26 ± 0.99 units/ml, p=0.316), IgG (7.29 ± 0.24 units/ml, p=0.000), and IgM (4.01 ± 2.98 units/ml, p=0.505). When administered with LPS E. coli along with probiotic, the humoral immune response was the highest; IgE (10.68 ± 1.63 units/ml, p=0.000), IgA (8.34 ± 1.47 units/ml, p=0.000), IgG (9.96 ± 0.98 units/ml, p=0.000), and IgM (4.31 ± 1.05 units/ml, p=0.319) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Probiotic-LPS derived from E. coli treatment induced a higher humoral immune response (highest IgE, IgA, IgG and IgM levels) compared to treatment with probiotic only.

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Humoral immune response of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis sonicated antigens in rabbits

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i0e.385 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (0E) ◽

pp. 84-88

Author(s):

Ekram A. Al-Samarrae

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

The Third ◽

Infected Goat

Salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis were isolated from infected goat andprepared an antigens of whole cell sonicated antigen of S.typhimurium(WCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ),whole cell sonicated antigen of S.enteritidis (WCS.Ag.S.entertidis) and combination of whole cell sonicated antigen (Salmonella typhimurium andSalmonella enteritidis) (CWS.Ag) . Their efficacy was evaluated by using tube agglutinationtest and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty rabbits were randomlydivided into four groups; the 1st group was immunized by WCS. Ag - Salmonella enteritidis,2nd group immunized by (WCS Ags .typhimurium), 3rd group immunized by CWCS.Agcompound and 4th left as control group which injected by physiological buffer saline (pH7.2). The antibody titer was increased in after the day 12, first, second and third months ofimmunization by agglutination test. IgG concentration was done by ELISA at the same time;which were recorded a higher significant differences (p˂ 0.01) at the first month in the groupimmunized by CWS Ag (449.65 ±38.6 1ng/ml IgG and 952± 20.85 antibodies titer )compared with other immunized groups ( WCS – Ag – S. enteritidis andWCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ). Also, the IgG concentration and antibodies titer are still higher inthe second and the third months in the immunized group by CWCS.Ag. 218.90± 6.69ng/ml,528± 68.58 and 89.55± 2.63ng/ml, 280± 49.98 respectively with significant differences (p˂0.01) compared with the immunized groups (WCS.Ag.S. entertidis and WCS. Ag.S.typhimurium) and also, they are significant (p˂ 0.01) when compared with the control groupResearch

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Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection in the population of an oncology hospital in Poland. Criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization are needed.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-858160/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Piotr Kosiorek ◽

Dorota Kazberuk ◽

Anna Hryniewicz ◽

Robert Milewski ◽

Samuel Stróż ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Post Infection ◽

Half Life ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽

Oncology Center

Abstract Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. The aim of our study was to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in Bialystok Oncology Center laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay- CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a raise of antibodies response in both, convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated an asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from control group. Based on our analysis we suggest that it is important to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and as an equivalent of effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Taking into consideration the time-limited nature of the effects of post infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for next vaccination.

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Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection. An approach to criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization is needed. Do we need a third dose?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-858160/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Piotr Kosiorek ◽

Dorota Kazberuk ◽

Anna Hryniewicz ◽

Robert Milewski ◽

Samuel Stróż ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Post Infection ◽

Half Life ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽

Oncology Center

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Evaluation of Passive Immunity Induced by Immunisation Using Two Inactivated gE-deleted Marker Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Calves

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8010014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Stefano Petrini ◽

Cecilia Righi ◽

Carmen Iscaro ◽

Giulio Viola ◽

Paola Gobbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Passive Immunity ◽

Control Group ◽

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Glycoprotein E ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Newborn Calves

Different types of vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) are commercially available. Among these, inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are commonly used, but their ability to induce passive immunity is poorly known. Here, we evaluated the passive immunity transferred from dams immunised with commercial inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccines to calves. We vaccinated 12 pregnant cattle devoid of neutralising antibodies against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and divided them into two groups with 6 animals each. Both groups were injected with a different inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine administrated via intranasal or intramuscular routes. An additional 6 pregnant cattle served as the unvaccinated control group. After calving, the number of animals in each group was increased by the newborn calves. In the dams, the humoral immune response was evaluated before calving and, subsequently, at different times until post-calving day 180 (PCD180). In addition, the antibodies in colostrum, milk, and in serum samples from newborn calves were evaluated at different times until PCD180. The results indicated that inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are safe and produce a good humoral immune response in pregnant cattle until calving and PCD180. Moreover, results showed that, in calf serum, passive immunity persists until PCD180.

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