Blood typing and haematological analysis of domestic feline donors

Blood typing is critical to avoid adverse reactions to transfusions. Felines have three blood-types: A, B, and AB and have natural alloantibodies the opposite blood type, in addition to the Mik type described recently. The presence of alloantibodies is important in the selection of blood donors in order to minimize the occurrence of transfusion reactions, and blood typing is essential in this context. This study aimed to identify blood types and perform a haematological analysis of feline blood donor candidates. Sixty clinically healthy felines of different races, weighing more than four kilograms, and ranging from one to eight years old, were evaluated. After clinical evaluation, blood samples were collected for hemogram and blood typing with the LabTest A+B® immunochromatographic test. All cats had a haematocrit level within normal range (mean: 34.12%), six (10%) presented with leucocytosis and 24 (40%) with thrombocytopenia, reinforcing the importance of haematological monitoring of blood donor animals. Regarding blood typing, all domestic felines selected as blood donors had type A blood. This is the first study on frequencies of feline blood types performed in the region.

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Signalment and Blood Types in Cats Being Evaluated as Blood Donors at Two Italian University Blood Banks

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2014/704836 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eva Spada ◽

Arianna Miglio ◽

Daniela Proverbio ◽

Maria Teresa Antognoni ◽

Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Type ◽

Transfusion Reaction ◽

Type B ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Types ◽

Blood Banks ◽

Type Ab ◽

Transfusion Reactions

Data from potential feline blood donors presented at two university blood banks in Italy were recorded. Blood typing was performed using an immunochromatographic method. Over the three years of the study 357 cats representing 15 breeds, 45.3% female and 54.7% male, with a mean age of 3.8 years were evaluated. Of these 90.5% were blood type A, 5.6% type B, and 3.9% type AB. The majority of the cats (54.6%) were European DSH (92.3% were type A, 5.1% type B, and 2.6% type AB), and 21% were Maine Coon (MCO) cats (100% blood type A). The estimated frequencies of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion between DSH (donors and recipients), MCO (donor and recipients), DSH donors and MCO recipients, and MCO donors and DSH recipients were 4.8%, 0%, 0%, and 5.1% for major reactions and 7.2%, 0%, 7.7%, and 0% for minor transfusions reactions, respectively. In a population of blood donors that includes DSH and MCO the risk of transfusion reaction is between 5% and 8% if typing is not performed on donor and recipient blood. Blood typing should therefore be performed before transfusion to remove the risk of transfusion reactions due to blood type incompatibilities.

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Distribution of feline AB blood types: a review of frequencies and its implications in the Iberian Peninsula

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports ◽

10.1177/2055116917727693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 205511691772769 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandrina M Vieira ◽

Rui R F Ferreira ◽

Augusto JF de Matos ◽

Inês M Cardoso ◽

Rita M C Graça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Type ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Types ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Type Ab ◽

Transfusion Reactions

Objectives The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of feline blood types in the Iberian Peninsula and to determine the potential risk of incompatibility-related transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions and the potential risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens born to parents of unknown blood type. Methods Blood samples were obtained from blood donors of the Animal Blood Bank (BSA-Banco de Sangue Animal). Blood typing was performed using a card method (RapidVet-H Feline Blood Typing; MDS). Results The studied population comprised 1070 purebred and non-purebred cats from Portugal and Spain aged between 1 and 8 years. Overall, frequencies of blood types A and B were 96.5% and 3.5%, respectively. No AB cats were found. Based on these data, the potential risks of NI and transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions were calculated to be 6.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance Unlike previous studies, no type AB cats were found in this study. Although the calculated potential risks of transfusion reaction in unmatched transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis were low, blood typing prior to blood transfusion and blood typing of cats for breeding purposes are highly recommended.

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Classification of potential blood donors using machine learning algorithms approach

Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer ◽

10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13619 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 217-221

Author(s):

Merinda Lestandy ◽

Lailis Syafa'ah ◽

Amrul Faruq

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Blood Donor ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Naive Bayes ◽

Learning Algorithms ◽

Naïve Bayes ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Blood Type ◽

The Neural Network

Blood donation is the process of taking blood from someone used for blood transfusions. Blood type, sex, age, blood pressure, and hemoglobin are blood donor criteria that must be met and processed manually to classify blood donor eligibility. The manual process resulted in an irregular blood supply because blood donor candidates did not meet the criteria. This study implements machine learning algorithms includes kNN, naïve Bayes, and neural network methods to determine the eligibility of blood donors. This study used 600 training data divided into two classes, namely potential and non-potential donors. The test results show that the accuracy of the neural network is 84.3 %, higher than kNN and naïve Bayes, respectively of 75 % and 84.17 %. It indicates that the neural network method outperforms comparing with kNN and naïve Bayes.

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Assessment of risks of feline mismatched transfusion and neonatal isoerythrolysis in the Lyon (France) area

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports ◽

10.1177/2055116919863175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 205511691986317 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexandra Nectoux ◽

Maryline Guidetti ◽

Anthony Barthélemy ◽

Céline Pouzot-Nevoret ◽

Guillaume L Hoareau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Frequency ◽

Blood Type ◽

Transfusion Reaction ◽

Type B ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Blood Types ◽

Study Population ◽

A Minor

Objectives The aims of this study were to update the prevalence of different feline blood types in the Lyon (France) area, as well as to determine the risk of mismatched transfusion (MT) and neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens with parents of unknown blood type. Methods Blood samples were obtained from blood donor cats and cats admitted to an intensive care unit in Lyon. AB blood typing was performed using an immunochromatographic strip. The risk of MT was estimated by adding the risk of a major transfusion reaction and the risk of a minor transfusion reaction. The risk of NI was estimated according the equation (p²)(q²) + 2pq(q²), with q being the b allele frequency and p = 1 – q. The results were analysed by absolute and relative frequency analysis and multivariate analysis. Results The cohort study population included 320 non-pedigree cats and 37 pedigree cats. The prevalence of blood types A, B and AB was 84.3%, 14.0% and 1.7%, respectively. Considering non-pedigree cats, the prevalence of types A, B and AB was 83.7%, 14.4% and 1.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences of blood type distribution by sex ( P = 0.73) or by breed ( P = 0.90). Based on these percentages, the risks of MT and NI in non-pedigree cats were 24.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of type B cats is high in the Lyon area and associated with high risks of MT and NI. These results confirm the importance of performing blood typing prior to any blood transfusion or mating.

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Change in haematological and selected biochemical parameters measured in feline blood donors and feline whole blood donated units

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x16628919 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 375-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eva Spada ◽

Daniela Proverbio ◽

Luciana Baggiani ◽

Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi ◽

Elisabetta Ferro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Donor ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Blood Donors ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Selection Of

Objectives The quality of whole blood (WB) units is influenced by many factors, starting with selection of donors and the method of blood collection. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes that occur in haematological and selected biochemical parameters in blood transferred from a feline blood donor to feline WB unit. Methods Data from 27 feline blood donations were used in this study. Cats were anaesthetised with a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam. Blood (10 ml/kg body weight to a maximum of 60 ml/cat) was collected in citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine (CPDA) anticoagulant. Lactated Ringer’s solution (10 ml/kg) was administered intravenously starting halfway through the donation. Haematological and selected biochemical parameters (complete blood count, free haemoglobin, % haemolysis, glucose, sodium, potassium, pH) were measured in the blood donor before donation and in the corresponding donated WB unit soon after collection. Results Significant decreases occurred between blood donor and WB unit in red blood cells (mean difference −1.06 × 1012/l; P <0.0001), haemoglobin (mean difference −1.6 g/dl; P <0.0001), haematocrit (mean difference −4.6%; P <0.0001), red cell distribution width (mean difference −0.9%; P = 0.0003), white blood cells (mean difference −2.17 × 109/l; P <0.0001), pH (mean difference −0.5; P <0.0001) and potassium (mean difference −1.4 mmol/l; P <0.0001). Significant increases occurred between blood donor and WB unit in platelets (mean difference +87.00 ×109/l; P = 0.0039), glucose (mean difference +25.42 mmol/l; P <0.0001) and sodium (mean difference +20 mmol/l; P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance When using a blood collection protocol with intravenous fluid administration midway through the donation and a CPDA:blood ratio of 1:7, there were significant changes in both the haematological and biochemical characteristics between the blood donors and WB units. The majority of these changes may be the result of the anticoagulants used for storage. Understanding these changes may assist selection of blood donors and help prediction of the characteristics of the donated WB unit.

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PROPORTION OF RHESUS BLOOD TYPE PHENOTYPES OF ROUTINE BLOOD DONORS AT BLOOD DONOR UNIT INDONESIAN RED CROSS IN BANDUNG CITY

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v25i2.807 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Ivana Dewi ◽

Nadjwa Zamalek Dalimoenthe ◽

Anna Tjandrawati ◽

Nida Suraya

Keyword(s):

Blood Donor ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Blood Type ◽

Red Cross ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Matching Problems ◽

Routine Blood ◽

Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Blood type phenotype incompatibility including Rhesus between donors and patients may result in cross-matching problems, triggering alloimmunization, and caused Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR). Rhesus blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus may cause Hemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn (HDFN). Pretransfusion phenotypic blood groups matching also reduce cost efficiently which means antibody screening is no longer needed. The purpose of the study is to find the proportion Rhesus blood type phenotypes in routine blood donors at Blood Donor Unit, Indonesian Red Cross in Bandung city, Indonesia.The study is a descriptive and observational with cross sectional design. The study was done at Blood Donor Unit, Indonesian Red Cross in Bandung city from April 2016 to September 2017. The subjects were 142 routine blood donors, blood sampling was done simultaneously with blood donation. Rhesus antigen examination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood was done by gel method. Subjects characteristics were male (68%) and female (32%), with the mean age was 39 years. Examination of Rhesus antigen were found antigen D(100%), antigen e(98,6%), antigen C(97,9%), antigen c(38,7%) and antigen E(31,7%). Results of Rhesus phenotypes were DCe/DCe(61,3%), DCe/DcE(29,6%), DCe/dce(7%), DcE/DcE(1,4%) and DcE/dce(0.7%). The distribution of Rhesus blood type were affected by factors such as genetics, race, ethnicity, marriage, demography, and migration. Rhesus blood phenotypes proportion in routine blood donors at Blood Donor Unit, Indonesian Red Cross in Bandung city sorted from the most are DCe/DCe, DCe/DcE, DCe/dce, DcE/DcE and DcE/dce.Keywords: blood donor, phenotype, Rhesus

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Characterization of Anti-Dal Alloantibodies Following Sensitization of Two Dal-Negative Dogs

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985816688746 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 108-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. Goulet ◽

M. C. Blais

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Packed Red Blood Cells ◽

Immunoglobulin Class ◽

Class A ◽

Agglutination Titer ◽

Column Technology ◽

Secondary Objective

Since its discovery, the immunogenicity of the Dal blood type has not been further investigated. The aim of this study was to better characterize anti- Dal alloantibodies produced following sensitization of Dal-negative dogs, notably their rate of appearance, the agglutination titer over time, and their immunoglobulin class. A secondary objective was to obtain polyclonal anti- Dal alloantibodies to increase the availability of Dal blood typing. Of 100 healthy laboratory Beagles tested, 2 Dal-negative dogs were identified as recipients. Ten healthy Dal-positive dogs were investigated as potential blood donors. All dogs were extensively blood typed for DEA 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7, as well as for Dal. Then, the recipients were transfused uneventfully with 10 ml/kg of Dal-positive but otherwise compatible packed red blood cells. Posttransfusion blood samples were collected routinely over a minimum of 1 year. Using a gel column technology, anti- Dal alloantibodies were detected as early as 4 days posttransfusion and remained detectable 2 years posttransfusion, with maximum agglutination titers reached at 1 and 2 months posttransfusion. The immunoglobulin class was IgG. The immunogenicity and clinical significance of the Dal blood type were confirmed. The results support the recommendations that previously transfused dogs be crossmatched starting 4 days posttransfusion and for the animal’s lifetime. The polyclonal anti- Dal antibodies produced will allow blood typing of a significant number of dogs, especially transfused dogs facing blood incompatibilities and canine blood donors.

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Frequencies of DEA blood types in a purebred canine blood donor population in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2011000200015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 178-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vanessa Sinnott Esteves ◽

Luciana de Almeida Lacerda ◽

Camila Serina Lasta ◽

Viviane Pedralli ◽

Félix H.D. González

Keyword(s):

Blood Donor ◽

Data Bank ◽

Blood Type ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Blood Types ◽

Tube Test ◽

Canine Population ◽

Donor Population ◽

Purebred Dogs

The study of canine immunohematology is very important for veterinary transfusion medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the DEA blood type frequencies in a purebred canine blood donor population from Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. One hundred clinically healthy purebred dogs were chosen, 20 dogs from each breed (Great Dane, Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd and Argentine Dogo). Blood samples were taken in ACD-A tubes and the MSU hemagglutination tube test (MI, USA) was used to determine the blood types. The studied population presented general frequencies of 61% for DEA 1.1, 22% for DEA 1.2, 7% for DEA 3, 100% for DEA 4, 9% for DEA 5 and 16% for DEA 7. A significant association was found between breeds and certain combinations of blood types in this population. The results are in agreement with the literature since most part of the canine population studied was positive for DEA 1.1, the most antigenic blood type in dogs. Differences were found among the studied breeds and those should be considered when selecting a blood donor. The knowledge of blood types frequencies and their combinations in different canine populations, including different breeds, is important because it shows the particularities of each group, helps to keep a data bank of local frequencies and minimizes the risks of transfusion reactions.

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Using red blood cell genomics in transfusion medicine

Hematology ◽

10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.168 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 (1) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jill M. Johnsen

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Blood Group ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Next Generation ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Blood Types ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Blood types (blood group antigens) are heritable polymorphic antigenic molecules on the surface of blood cells. These were amongst the first human Mendelian traits identified, and the genetic basis of nearly all of the hundreds of blood types is known. Clinical laboratory methods have proven useful to identify selected blood group gene variants, and use of genetic blood type information is becoming widespread. However, the breadth and complexity of clinically relevant blood group genetic variation poses challenges. With recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, a more comprehensive DNA sequence-based genetic blood typing approach is now feasible. This chapter introduces the practitioner to high-resolution genetic blood typing beginning with an overview of the genetics of blood group antigens, the clinical problem of allosensitization, current blood type testing methods, and then discussion of next-generation sequencing and its application to the problem of genetic blood typing.

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Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization for Incompatible Cross-Match Cases in the Feline AB Blood Group System

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.720445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yumiko Uno ◽

Masami Yaguchi ◽

Tasuku Kobayashi ◽

Eri Onozawa ◽

Kazuhiko Ochiai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Transfusion Medicine ◽

Type B ◽

Blood Typing ◽

Group System ◽

Blood Types ◽

Incompatible Cross ◽

Cross Matching

The feline AB blood group system (blood types A, B, and AB) encoding the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene is the most significant in transfusion medicine and hemolysis of the newborn for cats. Blood typing and cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing are crucial to determining blood compatibility and thus prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions. We here performed serological and genetic investigations to characterize blood samples from cats with discordant results for card agglutination (CARD) and the alloantibody agglutination test for blood typing in two cats (subjects K and R). Subject K showed incompatible cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing. Red blood cells from subjects K and R determined blood type B from the CARD method showed blood type AB by alloanti-A and alloanti-B antibodies in agglutination testing. Genomic DNA sequencing of the coding region (exons 1a to 14) for the cat CMAH gene showed that subject K had four mutations with heterozygosity at c.139C>T, c.179G>T, c.327A>C, and c.364C>T. Similarly, the CMAH gene of subject R carried six mutations with heterozygosity at c.142G>A, c.187A>G, c.268T>A, c.327A>C, c.773G>A and c.1603G>A, representing a new diplotype including a novel synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 7 (c.773 G>A: Arg258Gln). The CMAH diplotype in subjects K and R was different from major diplotype in blood type B cats. This study is the first to report CMAH variants in cats with discordant blood types between CARD and TUBE methods. These results could assist in the classification of feline AB blood types for transfusion medicine to avoid blood incompatibilities.

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