scholarly journals Reassembling Documents of Life in the Archive

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tamboukou
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Active Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Forms Of Life

We usually perceive archives as the end of the active life of a document, a place where a document is deposited to be protected and preserved for the creation of future memories and histories. And yet archives are beginnings as much as they are ends: they give their documents a new life and particularly with the advent of digitisation, new and diverse forms of life; but they can also deprive their documents of a future life, by hiding them through mysterious cataloguing structures, complex classification practices or merely spatial arrangements. Apart from curators and archivists who create and organise archives, often hiding documents in them, researchers also create archival assemblages when they bring together documents from diverse archives and sources around the world. But researchers, like archivists, often hide the archival strategies or sources of their research, through their immersion in the power relations of knowledge production. In this paper I look at the creation of an archival assemblage from my research with documents of life written by French seamstresses, active in the feminist circles of the romantic socialist movements of the nineteenth century. What I argue is that as researchers we need to become more sensitive to the life of the documents of life we work with; simply put: we cannot engage with documents of life while ignoring the life of documents within the archive and beyond. This article was submitted to EJLW on January 16th 2016, and published on April 9th 2017

The World-Revealing Goblet: Reading Farhād Mīrzā’s Geographical Treatise Jām-i Jam as a Lithograph

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 409-449
Author(s):  
Zeinab Azarbadegan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Library ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
The World

Abstract This article examines a copy of Farhād Mīrzā’s Jām-i Jam (the World-Revealing Goblet) published in 1856 in Tehran and kept at Columbia University Library offsite storage. It demonstrates the dual importance of this book in geographic knowledge production and as part of the library of Saʿīd Nafīsī, one of the most prominent Iranian scholars of Persian literature. Methodologically, the paper offers various ways to study a single lithograph to decipher larger historical processes in histories of education, translation, and print. First, it analyzes the paratext to expose scholarly and political networks in order to examine the genealogy of geographic knowledge production in mid-nineteenth century Qajar Iran. Second, it studies the content and translation practices employed by Farhād Mīrzā to offer novel strategies for analyzing dissemination and reception of new ways of production and categorization of geographic knowledge as well as methods utilized in composition of pedagogical geography books. Finally, it discusses how cataloging practices affect current scholarship and lead to rendering certain texts “hidden.” It therefore illustrates how the study of Farhād Mīrzā’s Jām-i Jam, a book aspiring to reveal the world, can expose much about scholarly practices not only in the past but also the present.

scholarly journals The professionalization of Brazilian nursing in the written media of the end of the nineteenth century: a gender analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Braga do Espírito Santo ◽  
Taka Oguisso ◽  
Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The object is the relationship between the professionalization of Brazilian nursing and women, in the broadcasting of news about the creation of the Professional School of Nurses, in the light of gender. Aims: to discuss the linkage of women to the beginning of the professionalization of Brazilian nursing following the circumstances and evidence of the creation of the Professional School of Nurses analyzed from the perspective of gender. The news articles were analyzed from the viewpoint of Cultural History, founded in the gender concept of Joan Scott and in the History of Women. The creation of the School and the priority given in the media to women consolidate the vocational ideal of the woman for nursing in a profession subjugated to the physician but also representing the conquest of a space in the world of education and work, reconfiguring the social position of nursing and of woman in Brazil.

Expressing Local Specificity: The Flemish Renaissance Revival in Belgium and the Antwerp City Architect Pieter Jan Auguste Dens

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 149-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Bertels
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
World Exhibition

While globalizing trends stimulate the creation of entirely new regions, established regional and local identities remain. Architectural historians, among others, explore the ways in which regionalism has been — and continues to be — defined and redefined. Current issues in this debate include what regional architectural traditions might be; whether regions can be defined by architecture; and how regional traditions of architecture have been defined and interpreted by artists, authors and scholars. Nineteenth-century Belgian architecture is particularly relevant in this context. The formation of Belgian Art Nouveau’s style and identity have both been the object of numerous studies, but while Art Nouveau is probably the best-known creation of Belgian nineteenth-century architecture, it is hardly the only one, nor indeed the only interesting one. One of the sources identified for Belgian Art Nouveau has been the milieu of the so-called Flemish Renaissance Revival, which produced such architectural gems as Emile Janlet’s (1839–1919) Belgian pavilion at the World Exhibition in Paris (1878) and Jean Winders’ (1849–1936) own house and studio (1882–83) in Antwerp (Fig. 1).

Modernity Through the Lens: The Westernization of Thai Women’s Court Dress

Costume ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Leventon ◽  
Dale Carolyn Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Heads Of State

Photography came to Thailand in the mid-nineteenth century and was adopted first by King Mongkut (Rama IV, r. 1851–1868) and subsequently by his son King Chulalongkorn (Rama V, r. 1868–1910). Earlier reigns had forbidden the creation of images of the king. However, King Mongkut, eager to demonstrate that Siam was a modern state on the world stage, willingly sat for daguerreotype portraits modelled after those of European royalty. These were distributed to foreign visitors to the Thai court and sent as gifts to Western heads of state. King Chulalongkorn, who became an enthusiastic patron of photography and an accomplished amateur photographer himself, commissioned countless portraits of himself and his family, especially the women and children of the court. By the end of his reign, portraits of members of the royal family, especially the women, became routine. These portraits offer an unmatched record of the dress of an otherwise invisible population and served as inspiration for Thailand’s reigning queen in her development of modern court dress. This essay, the first of its kind in English, attempts to chart the changes in court attire from c. 1860–1930, as it gradually evolved from fully Thai to fully Western.

Skinscapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiena Peck ◽  
Christopher Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
Future Selves ◽  
The World ◽  
Phenomenological Methodology ◽  
The Creation

The paper argues for extending linguistic landscape studies to also encompass the body as a corporeal landscape, or ‘moving discursive locality’. We articulate this point within a narrative of a developing field of landscape studies that is increasingly attentive to the mobility and materiality of spatialized semiotics as performative, that is, as partially determining of how we come to understand ourselves ‘in place’. Taking Cape Town’s tattooing culture as an illustration, we unpack the idea of ‘the human subject as an entrepreneur of the self, as author of his or her being in the world’ (Comaroff & Comaroff, 2012: 23), by using a phenomenological methodology to explore the materiality of the body as a mobile and dynamic space of inscribed spatialized identities and historical power relations. Specifically, we focus on: how tattooed bodies sculpt future selves and imagined spaces, the imprint they leave behind in the lives of five participants in the study and ultimately the creation of bodies that matter in time and place. The paper will conclude with a discussion of what studies of corporeal landscapes may contribute to a broader field of linguistic landscape studies.

scholarly journals Personality Psychology in Margaret Atwood’s Short Story Under Glass

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Dr. Y. Vidya
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Alive Today ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

Margaret Atwood is one of the most important and influential writers alive today. Margaret Atwood’s literature, both in the form of poetry and prose, is significant to an understanding of ‘female experiences’ more broadly speaking, though, Atwood attempts to explore questions of identity. She thus attempts to achieve the creation of a space and time in which readers can think critically about the world and their place in it. This self-reflexive form of analysis is significant in a modern and post-colonial world in which issues of gender have become increasingly critical, as it allows readers both a way of imagining and a way of criticizing ourselves and our own culture and that of others we perceive around us. Her stories are acute depictions of men and women, and are therefore interested in human curiosity but also in control and power.  Atwood focus lies also in the effects and dynamics of unequal power relations.  

scholarly journals CHILDREN IN FRENCH LITERATURE DURING THE LAST CENTURIES AND THEIR UZBEK TRANSLATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Rakhimova Gulsanam Ashirbekovna
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
World View ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

In this article are analyzed the world view of children in French literature during the last centuries and his transmission into Uzbek translations in a comparisons with other works of centuries with allow to establish the differences in the lives of children as well as the imagination of today's children. In particular, for the nineteenth century is chosen “Without family”, written in 1878, one of the most famous novels of Hector Malot and “Mondo and other stories” of JMG Le Clézio, published in 1978, exactly a century after “Without family”. Also, is analyzed the reproduction of French reality words in Uzbek translations as well as to study other translation problems that translators may encounter during their work. For this purpose is chosen the originals of Ch. Perrault's tales as well as their Russian and Uzbek translations in a comparisons of the Uzbek translations of tales by Ch. Minovarov, M. Kholbekov, T. Alimov, I. nZorov and A. Akbar. During the analyzes are revealed several functions of translation such as communicative, cultural common, knowledge-luminous, educational etc. The translation literature serves not only to spread knowledge about the world and man, but actively promotes the formation of the worldview, morale, taste, orientation of values in person, the creation of accurate reports between people, i.e. promotes the establishment of our political, aesthetic, moral and value to life.

scholarly journals “os dentes afiados da vida preferem a carne na mais tenra infância ”: etnocartografar com olhos de besta

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 01-28
Author(s):  
Marcos Ribeiro de Melo ◽  
Michele De freitas faria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Edson Augusto de Souza neto
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
The Human Condition

in this article, we experience the exercise of a screen ethnocartography in agency with the film Beasts of the southern wild (2012) by the director Benh Zeitlin. We tested a film experimentation that led to a renewed writing (our) ways of life. We bet on cinema and childhood as possibilities for creating cracks and a stutter of language for the creation of new worlds and ways of living. In cinema images less as a representation, and more as art that proposes incompleteness, fissure, a hole in appearances. In childhood as an exercise of differentiation and resistance to dominant narratives in a given context. In childhood as a limiting experience of/in language, tirelessly exposing the human condition in front of the world. Thus, accompanying the main character of the plot, little Hushpuppy — a six-year-old resident of the “Charles Doucet Island”, experienced as “the Bathtub” —, we are shaken by the forms of life there, considered bestial and not recognized by city humans. Hushpuppy, his father and friends resist attempts to destroy their existence by the forms of the state that try to domesticate them, imbued with the logic that primitives must come to civilization, just as children must become adults. 

scholarly journals The metaphor of the Vitruvian nurse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Smith ◽  
Eva Willis
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Florence Nightingale ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Advanced Capitalism ◽  
The Times ◽  
Ageing Populations ◽  
The Ideal

Nursing and the crisis of care has become a metaphor for the end of the Anthropocene; ageing populations and global pandemics highlight the fundamental place of care and nursing across the world (Puig de la Bellacasa, 2017). Yet, when it comes to living and working as a nurse, the policies that guide them are restricted to reproducing narrow definitions of what it is to be human (Haraway, 2016). We argue that paradigms of care create idealized patients (Smith and Willis, 2020) and ‘Vitruvian’ nurses using metaphors as modes of regulation.  We argue with the concept of the Vitruvian man (Braidotti, 2013) to create the concept of the Vitruvian nurse. As the Vitruvian man is a version of the ideal human, the Vitruvian nurse is established as an axiomatic mechanism to govern care. We argue that this is misogynistic and reproduces restrictive power relations.  The metaphor of the Vitruvian nurse is a uniformed woman who goes out of her way to attend to everyone's needs in an unconditional and subservient way where her self-value correlates with her ability to serve others at the detriment of herself. The Vitruvian nurse is achieved when she ceases to exist as a subjective entity, therefore becoming an impossibility. Contemporary nursing systems that maintain ideas such as Florence Nightingale are colonial (Wytenbroek and Vandenberg, 2017), patriarchal and reproduce knowledge production systems which we find troubling i.e. the white European male mutates into the white European female nurse, and is the perfect nurse. This completely unachievable metaphor becomes a mechanism of control and leads to feelings of isolation, boredom and burnout, which again is a metaphor for the epoch advanced capitalism that we live in. Feminine histories are overwritten to create care as a branded commodity.   This metaphor is built on assumptions of the liminal human as an individual not a dividual, the individualistic (and neo-liberal) nature of patient centered care and that the care described in nursing codes of practice reveres the ‘autonomous’ practitioner over the material-discursive practices of care. Therefore, an irrefutable future is predetermined by the narrow philosophies of humanistic science - the human as a bound individual is privileged above everything. If we recognize the metaphors of the Vitruvian, and of boredom and burnout - in the times of the posthuman convergence - then what are the affirmative futures that we can produce?

Worlds of the Bourgeoisie

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Christof Dejung ◽  
David Motadel ◽  
Jürgen Osterhammel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The World

This chapter briefly discusses multiple factors which have come to shape global social history by the nineteenth century. It demonstrates that the making of the middle classes across the world can be explained only by considering the increasing worldwide circulation of people, ideas, and goods. It was from its start closely connected to global interactions and interconnections in the age of empire. In fact, the middle classes, whether in European metropoles or in colonial peripheries, were deeply affected by global entanglements. Many social structures that emerged in the long nineteenth century can be traced back to activities of such cosmopolitan bourgeoisies and in turn can be considered a reason for the emergence of these groups. Still, these structures were shaped by, and often the result of, highly uneven power relations, such as imperialism and the emergence of a global economy that was increasingly dominated by Western Europe during the long nineteenth century.

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