"Personal-Level Accountability in Education: Conceptualization, Measurement and Validation"

The paper contributes to efforts to theoretically analyze possible psychological approaches personal gender-role conflict in career development, selected in terms of causes and peculiarities of its manifestation. We suggest considering such approaches at two levels – personal and organizational ones. Personal level involves generating achievement motivation and psychological criteria for success; developing emotional competence; analyzing career and family values, identifying immediate life goals; analyzing family concepts; family counseling; psychological work with men aimed at maintaining parental identity; developing role competence; time management; psychological analysis of individual gender identity and gender experience; challenging gender stereotypes. Organizational level includes developing family-friendly workplace culture, relying on gender-specific approach in staff coaching.

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Strategies for Survival of the World — Risk Management

Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/04.10.2019/002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Jovo Lojanica ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Native Americans ◽

National Level ◽

Country Level ◽

Management Standards ◽

Family Level ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Iso 31000 ◽

History Of ◽

Personal Level

All management standards have requirements for different aspects of improvements on the personal level, family level, company level, in business and life. What is about national level and country level? Is it possible for today’s generations to learn history of nations and of civilizations? If it is — ok, let’s apply it on actual time and people to have less problems and difficulties — especially if is actual in field of risk management. Majority of people are occupied by today’s problems. They don’t consider past and future challenges. People from each country strive for better quality, better and cleaner environment, higher safety etc. historically and today. But could we remember: How did Genghis Khan conquer many regions and how was he defeated? How did Mayas and Aztecs die out? How were Native Americans in North America drastically reduced in numbers? How did the Roman Imperium vanish? How was the Ottoman Imperium established and how it vanished? How many people were killed in the wars in XX century, etc? In all these catastrophic changes risks were not considered in an adequate way. Requirements of risk management — Principles and guidelines — ISO 31000:2009 are very consultative. They could be used on country level, national level, regional level, continental and intercontinental level.

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Myths about COVID-19

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 907-912

Author(s):

Deepika Masurkar ◽

Priyanka Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

World Health ◽

Indian Society ◽

Common People ◽

The World ◽

New Type ◽

The Media ◽

Personal Level ◽

Novel Virus ◽

The Common ◽

Health Organization

Recently at the end of 2019, a new disease was found in Wuhan, China. This disease was diagnosed to be caused by a new type of coronavirus and affected almost the whole world. Chinese researchers named this novel virus as 2019-nCov or Wuhan-coronavirus. However, to avoid misunderstanding the World Health Organization noises it as COVID-19 virus when interacting with the media COVID-19 is new globally as well as in India. This has disturbed peoples mind. There are various rumours about the coronavirus in Indian society which causes panic in peoples mind. It is the need of society to know myths and facts about coronavirus to reduce the panic and take the proper precautionary actions for our safety against the coronavirus. Thus this article aims to bust myths and present the facts to the common people. We need to verify myths spreading through social media and keep our self-ready with facts so that we can protect our self in a better way. People must prevent COVID 19 at a personal level. Appropriate action in individual communities and countries can benefit the entire world.

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Multi-level Barriers for Utilization of Youth Friendly Reproductive Health Services (YFRHS) among Youths

Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.3126/jhp.v8i0.32989 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 95-108

Author(s):

Shanti Prasad Khanal

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Health System ◽

System Level ◽

Mixed Method Research ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Personal Level ◽

Multi Level ◽

Youth Friendly

The present study aims to examine the multi-level barriers to utilize by the youth-friendly reproductive health services (YFRHS) among the school-going youths of the Surkhet valley of Nepal. This study is based on the sequential explanatory research design under mixed-method research. The quantitative data were collected using the self- administered questionnaire from the 249 youths, aged between the 15-24 years, those selected by using random sampling. The qualitative data were collected using the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) from the 12 participants who were selected purposively. The study confirmed that school-going youths do not have appropriate utilization of YFHS due to multi-layered barriers. However, the utilization of the service was higher among females, those the older age group, studying in the upper classes, the upper castes, and married youths. The key findings and themes are recognized as multi-layered barriers including personal-level, health system-level, community-level, and policy-level on the entire socio-ecological field. Among them, the existing health system is the foremost barrier. Multi-level interventions are, therefore, required to increase the YFRHS utilization and improve concerns for school-going-youths.

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A short review on important drugs under clinical trial against Covid-19

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557521666201217145333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Namita Misra

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Illness ◽

Short Review ◽

World Health ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Medicinal Treatment ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Personal Level ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections

: Corona virus spreads from one to other person, either by touching the hands or by touching the surface contaminated with this virus, and then touching the nose or mouth. Covid-19 infected human symptoms are like any pneumonia symptoms, dry cough and high fever. Upper respiratory tract infections symptoms and sore throat are rare. First notified in china dated 12th December 2019 as a respiratory illness. In addition to travel restrictions and quarantine measures everyone should follow the World Health Organization advice guidelines on the management of humans infected with known or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus at the personal level. The development of vaccine or medicines for the same are under progress and this short review will summarize the most potential candidates such as Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin, Favipiravir, Umifenovir, and Ribavirin for its medicinal treatment.

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How Content Explains

10.1093/oso/9780198812883.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Shea

Keyword(s):

Research Programme ◽

Causal Efficacy ◽

Explanatory Role ◽

Content Determination ◽

Explanatory Relevance ◽

Tight Connection ◽

Personal Level ◽

Naturalistic Account ◽

The Brain ◽

Semantic Properties

The varitel accounts of content allow us to see how the practice of representational explanation works and why content has an explanatory role to play. They establish the causal-explanatory relevance of semantic properties and are neutral about causal efficacy. Exploitable relations give the accounts an advantage over views based only on outputs. Content does valuable explanatory work in areas beyond psychology, but it need not be explanatorily valuable in every case. The varitel accounts illuminate why there should be a tight connection between content and the circumstances in which a representation develops. The accounts have some epistemological consequences. Representations at the personal level are different in a variety of ways that are relevant to content determination. Naturalizing personal-level content thus becomes a tractable research programme. Most importantly, varitel semantics offers a naturalistic account of the content of representations in the brain and other subpersonal representational systems.

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After Hajj: Muslim Pilgrims Refashioning Themselves

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12010036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Kholoud Al-Ajarma

Keyword(s):

Social Contexts ◽

Religious Behavior ◽

Transformative Experience ◽

The Everyday ◽

Community Expectations ◽

Religious Dimensions ◽

Personal Level ◽

The Right ◽

Self Formation ◽

Do So

The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) is one of the five pillars of Islam and a duty which Muslims must perform—once in a lifetime—if they are physically and financially able to do so. In Morocco, from where thousands of pilgrims travel to Mecca every year, the Hajj often represents the culmination of years of preparation and planning, both spiritual and logistical. Pilgrims often describe their journey to Mecca as a transformative experience. Upon successfully completing the pilgrimage and returning home, pilgrims must negotiate their new status—and the expectations that come with it—within the mundane and complex reality of everyday life. There are many ambivalences and tensions to be dealt with, including managing the community expectations of piety and moral behavior. On a personal level, pilgrims struggle between staying on the right path, faithful to their pilgrimage experience, and straying from that path as a result of human imperfection and the inability to sustain the ideals inspired by pilgrimage. By ethnographically studying the everyday lives of Moroccans after their return from Mecca, this article seeks to answer the questions: how do pilgrims encounter a variety of competing expectations and demands following their pilgrimage and how are their efforts received by members of their community? How do they shape their social and religious behavior as returned pilgrims? How do they deal with the tensions between the ideals of Hajj and the realities of daily life? In short, this article scrutinizes the religious, social and personal ramifications for pilgrims after the completion of Hajj and return to their community. My research illustrates that pilgrimage contributes to a process of self-formation among pilgrims, with religious and non-religious dimensions, which continues long after Hajj is over and which operates within, and interacts with, specific social contexts.

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Primary Prevention of Dementia: An Ethical Review

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201104 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Dorothee Horstkötter ◽

Kay Deckers ◽

Sebastian Köhler

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effects ◽

Well Being ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Medical Risk ◽

Medical Risk Factors ◽

Societal Challenges ◽

Dementia Prevention ◽

Health Related ◽

Personal Level

Dementia poses important medical and societal challenges, and of all health risks people face in life, dementia is one of the most feared. Recent research indicates that up to about 40% of all cases of dementia might be preventable. A series of environmental, social, and medical risk-factors have been identified and that should be targeted from midlife onwards when people are still cognitively healthy. At first glance, this seems not merely advisable, but even imperative. However, these new developments trigger a series of new ethical questions and concerns which have hardly been addressed to date. Pro-active ethical reflection, however, is crucial to ensure that the interests and well-being of those affected, ultimately all of us, are adequately respected. This is the goal of the current contribution. Against the background of a concrete case in primary dementia prevention, it provides a systematic overview of the current ethical literature and sketches an ethical research agenda. First, possible benefits of increased well-being must be balanced with the burdens of being engaged in particularly long-term interventions for which it is unclear whether they will ever pay out on a personal level. Second, while knowledge about one’s options to maintain brain health might empower people, it might also undermine autonomy, put high social pressure on people, medicalize healthy adults, and stigmatize those who still develop dementia. Third, while synergistic effects might occur, the ideals of dementia prevention might also conflict with other health and non-health related values people hold in life.

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Skill and strategic control

Synthese ◽

10.1007/s11229-021-03053-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ellen Fridland

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Mental Imagery ◽

Sports Psychology ◽

Mental Practice ◽

Strategic Control ◽

Cognitive Representations ◽

Personal Level ◽

The Right ◽

Better Than

AbstractThis paper provides an account of the strategic control involved in skilled action. When I discuss strategic control, I have in mind the practical goals, plans, and strategies that skilled agents use in order to specify, structure, and organize their skilled actions, which they have learned through practice. The idea is that skilled agents are better than novices not only at implementing the intentions that they have but also at forming the right intentions. More specifically, skilled agents are able formulate and modify, adjust and adapt their practical intentions in ways that are appropriate, effective, and flexible given their overall goals. Further, to specify the kind of action plans that are involved in strategic control, I’ll rely on empirical evidence concerning mental practice and mental imagery from sports psychology as well as evidence highlighting the systematic differences in the cognitive representations of skills between experts and non-experts. I’ll claim that, together, this evidence suggests that the intentions that structure skilled actions are practical and not theoretical, that is, that they are perceptual and motor and not abstract, amodal, or linguistic. Importantly, despite their grounded nature, these plans are still personal-level, deliberate, rational states. That is, the practical intentions used to specify and structure skilled actions are best conceived of as higher-order, motor-modal structures, which can be manipulated and used by the agent for the purpose of reasoning, deliberation, decision-making and, of course, the actual online structuring and organizing of action.

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Developing a Stigma Scale for the Workplace: Focus on an Airline Cabin Crew

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4003

Author(s):

Haeok Liz Kim ◽

Sunghyup Sean Hyun

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Service Industry ◽

Practical Implication ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Stigma Scale ◽

Cabin Crew ◽

Development Procedure ◽

Personal Level

The purpose of this study is to develop metrics for stigma-producing factors by conducting a survey among stigma inflictors, that is, people who participate in the stigmatization of others. This study attempted to develop a stigma measurement scale for service industry workers. This study focused airline cabin crew members in accordance with a seven-step scale development procedure to derive stigma measurement variables. As a result, the stigma scale developed in this study consists of 6 factors (work ability, conscientiousness, selfishness, work ethics, appearance, neuroticism) containing 28 measurement items. This study indicates the need to find countermeasures that can reduce stigmatization of employees within organizations. At a personal level, the practical implication is to prevent stigmatization from occurring within the organization by improving the perception of stigma by cabin crew within the airline organization. At the organizational level, the practical implication is to analyze and reduce the factors of social stigma that negatively affect organizational performance.

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