scholarly journals Use of Face Masks in India During COVID-19 : An Exploration of the Behavioral Tendencies of Mask Users

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Shalini Soni ◽  
◽  
Sudha Babel
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Covid-19 has necessitated mask use to safeguard oneself from coronavirus. The mask usage and safety practices followed by the public in India are reported in this paper. Sixty per cent of the subjects purchased masks on their own while 19 per cent stitched their masks; masks were used regularly (76%) for less than 4 hours (64.22%). During the lockdown, at workplaces, masks were removed for less than 30 minutes per day. Subjects reported that safety feeling was experienced when masks were donned (87%); felt that masks were unnecessary in Covid-19 unaffected areas/cities (67 %); whilst 47 per cent admitted to pulling down masks during use. An interesting fact emerging from the study was that the younger populace adhered less conscientiously to regular mask use as opposed to the elderly; paradoxically the elderly (49 and above) were the ones to pull down masks more frequently during use than the younger ones. Amongst them, 25 per cent repeated it 1-2 times a day. It was heartening to observe that most people (89%) exercised caution during mask use. A positive significant relationship existed between age and employer modes on regular mask usage; a highly positive significant relation was seen between the employment sector and regular mask use and a negative correlation among profession and mask use. Two-way ANOVA between demographic data on type and regular mask use yielded a significant difference. A highly significant relationship between gender, employer mode, and profession on different types of safety measures; and a significant relationship between the level of education and safety measures were found.

scholarly journals The effect of public space indicators on the rural district’s life quality in Kuhdasht county, Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Ahmad Roumiani ◽  
Taghi Ebrahimi Salari ◽  
Hamideh Mahmoodi ◽  
Mofid Shateri
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Life Enhancement

This article evaluates nine rural districts in Kuhdasht county, Iran, with a population of 3535 between 2013–2016. We address the following two questions: First, what are the most important criteria and effective indicators in the rural population’s quality life enhancement? Second, is there any significant relationship between the public space indicators and quality life enhancement in the case study area? Six factors, including perceptual vision, buildings skeletons, culture and communities, activities, social interaction, and the environment from local peoples’ perspectives, explained 52.6 percent of the total variable variances. The Friedman test showed a significant difference among criteria of esthetics, semantic-perceptual, and activity-based functional at the alpha level of 0.01. The fitting growth regression model showed that the positive effect of the public space indicators on the rural population’s vitality and dynamism quality enhancement was about 0.723, indicating a significant relationship between them. It also stated a vital role of public space indicators in the rural population’s vitality and dynamism quality enhancement in the study area. The most important indicators were those of economic, social, and cultural dynamism and the body and space indicators.

Developmental Defects of Enamel in Chinese Girls and Boys in Hong Kong

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. King
Keyword(s):  
Public Water Supply ◽  
White Patch ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chinese Girls ◽  
Dde Index ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel ◽  
Common Defect

The FDI (DDE) Index-with some modifications and a re-designed recording sheet-was used to determine the prevalence of the different types of developmental defects of enamel. The public water supply contained 1.0 ppm when the children were born and 0.7 ppm at the time of the examinations. All surfaces of the teeth of 460 female and 484 male, 12-year-old, Chinese children were examined after the teeth had been cleaned and dried. Mouth prevalences for all types of opacities, hypoplasia, and discoloration were 99.6%, 82.8%, and 16.6%, respectively. There was no apparent statistically significant difference between girls and boys. However, a statistically significant difference was seen between the sexes for white patches (p < 0.05), missing enamel (p<0.05), and horizontal grooves (p<0.01). There were 811 (85.7%) children with more than 13 teeth affected by opacities, and 417 (44.2%) children had more than four teeth affected by hypoplasia. The most common defect was the diffuse white patch, and the least common was the vertical groove. There were 189 (39.0%) boys with between four and 12 teeth affected by more than two types of defect per tooth. White lines were the most difficult defect to diagnose reproducibly. Intra-examiner reproducibility for all other defects achieved levels of "almost perfect" and "substantial" by calculation of the Kappa coefficient.

La représentation du vieillissement à la télévision: Des images de négation et d'exclusion dans une logique de mise en marché

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-372
Author(s):  
Lise Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Television Representation

AbstractThis paper is about the television representation of aging and the ensuing social discourse. We analysed the content of 756 hours of television (3 weeks from 2 television networks: Société Radio-Canada and TVA in March 1992). We found that television discourse in different types of programs (information, talkshows, fiction, advertising) uses many strategies that deny the aging process and, in doing so, reassure the public about aging. Television also talks about the exclusion of the elderly in our society. But, at the same time, it must charm these potential consumers. Old people watching several hours of television daily know that they are excluded from society, except as consumers.

Utility of EEG as Diagnostic and Tarapeutic Approach in Examiners in Forensic Population-prevention of Criminal Recidiv

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
V. Talevska
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Forensic Population ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Aims:To define the importance for the difference between the EEG in patients with criminal behavior and in control group. To examine the relationship between the EEG of the patients with criminal behavior and diagnosis as well as the prompt registration of EEG changes.Material and methods:158 EEG investigations examined at the Psychiatric Hospital in Demir Hisar for 24 months with aggressive and criminal behavior.Results and discussion:In men normal EEG (69.44%) prevails. The means age of patients in examiner group with abnormal EEG is significant higher from the means age in patient's with normal EEG. There was the significant difference between normal and abnormal EEG and the diagnoses. There is not significant difference between the patient's behavior and EEG, and there was significant difference between EEG and its criminal factor. There was not relation between EEG and the patient's sex in control group. The difference between the means age (37.73 god.) in control group with abnormal EEG and the mean age of patients with normal EEG is significant. There was not significant relation between EEG and patient's diagnosis of control group. There was not connection between patient's behavior and EEG in control group. There was significant difference between EEG in examiner group and in control group.Conclusion:There was significant difference between EEG in control and in examiner group.Suggested measures:Easily diagnosis providing of psychiatric disorders with aggressive and criminal behavior with EEG -help and safety measures at examiners with criminal behavior.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Melanin Pigmentation in a Yemeni Population and its Relation to Some Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nasser Alhajj ◽  
Wadhah Abdulnasser Alhajj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
P Value ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Spss Software

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of melanin pigmentation in a sample of Yemeni population and its relation to some possible risk factors. Material and Methods: This crosssectional study was performed on 440 patients attending a private clinic. Printed questionnaires were introduced to the patients and a clinical examination was performed for each patient. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographic data, and questions regarding some common habits such as smoking, khat chewing and consuming of hot drinks. Melanin pigmentation was assessed regarding its presence, most affected areas and the numbers of affected quadrants. The data were managed and analyzed using SPSS software program. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were performed and the associations of melanin with risk factors were evaluated at P value < 0.05. Results: Four hundred and forty patients with mean age 29 ± 8.21 years were included in the study. Of them, 67.5% were fair-skinned, 26.8% were smokers, 48.2% were khat chewers and 33.6% were hot drinks consumers. The prevalence of melanin pigmentation was 62.7%, with class I represented 56.5% of cases. Males showed more prevalence (67.9%) of melanin pigmentation than females (57.7%) with no significant difference. Results also showed more prevalence of melanin pigmentation in patients > 25 years, and darkskinned patients. Regarding habits, smoking, khat chewing and hot drink consumption habits showed significant associations with melanin pigmentation. Whereas the association of khat chewing and hot drinks alone with melanin pigmentation showed no significant relationship with melanin pigmentation while, the merge effects of khat chewing and smoking habits together with melanin pigmentation showed significant relationship with melanin pigmentation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Yemeni people had high prevalence of melanin pigmentation with more prevalence of CL I type. Males, patients > 25 years and dark-skinned patients showed more prevalence of melanin pigmentation. Smoking, khat chewing and hot drinks consuming habits had significant associations with melanin pigmentation.KEYWORDSMelanin; Yemeni; Smoking; Khat chewing; Risk.

The Severity of Acute Pancreatitis According to Modified Balthazar Classification in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Sevki Konur ◽  
Adnan Ozkahraman ◽  
Neslihan Surmeli ◽  
Ihsan Gunduz ◽  
Umit Haluk Iliklerden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Limited Disease ◽  
Pancreatic Malignancy ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Life Threatening

Objective: Although acute pancreatitis (AP) is a self-limited disease under supportive and medical treatment, it can have life-threatening potential in some patients. Results of studies reporting outcomes of AP-associated pancreatic malignancy are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC)–related AP by modified Balthazar score. Methods: A total of 354 patients hospitalized and followed up in our clinic between 2013 and 2019 were included in the study. Demographic data of all patients were recorded. The etiology of all cases was determined. According to the etiology, the cases were divided into 2 groups: AP related to pancreatic malignancy and AP due to nonmalignant causes. The patients underwent computed tomography of the abdomen within the first 12 hours of admission and after 3 to 7 days. Patients were evaluated and classified by modified Balthazar classification. Results: Malignancy-related AP was detected in 18 (5.1%) patients. A total of 336 cases (94.9%) were related to nonmalignant causes. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of AP in both groups at admission and after 3 days ( p > 0.05). The changes (regression, progression, or no change) in the disease severity at the first and the subsequent imaging were examined. There was no significant relationship between the 2 groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: AP may be the clinical manifestation of PC or PC may induce AP in various ways. It was shown that the underlying malignancy did not adversely affect the severity and course of AP.

scholarly journals The Severity of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Co-Infections among Pregnant Women in Yaounde, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga ◽  
Kitio Falone Linda ◽  
Signi Todjom Chysine Lucile ◽  
Demanou Teubow Dolly-Misper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Malaria and toxoplasmosis are two diseases caused by parasites of the same phylum (Apicomplexa). They have severe consequences on the health of pregnant women and their unborn babies. As such, they are of importance for the public health, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and Cameroon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of toxoplasmosis among malaria-positive pregnant women attending the Biyam-Assi District Hospital. It was a cross-sectional study that took place from May to November 2019 involving 232 pregnant women who voluntarily accepted to take part in the study. Demographic data was collected using structured questionnaires and blood was collectd by finger prick. Thick blood films were prepared for the detection of malaria and the Giemsa-stained slides were read microscopically. A drop of blood was used for the detection of toxoplasmosis using the  chromatographic cassette (Rapid Diagnostic Test) and the results were read after 15 minutes. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 24. The results showed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 22.84 %. This prevalence didn’t depend on the trimester of pregnancy (P = 0. 08). The prevalence of malaria was 38.9%. No significant difference was observed for either the prevalence or severity of malaria over the three trimesters of pregnancy (p = 0.60 and p = 0.9 respectively). The prevalence of co-infection with malaria and toxoplasmosis was 9.05%. Women without toxoplasmosis were more prone to severe malaria (20.29 %) than their counterparts who had toxoplasmosis (4.78 %) and the difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The severity of toxoplasmosis was not influenced by the presence of Plasmodium (p = 0. 20). It was concluded that the occurrence and severity of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women does not depend on their malaria serological status. However, the presence of severe malaria in pregnant women depends on their toxoplasmosis status. Indeed, women already infected with T. gondii are less susceptible to malaria than their counterparts who are negative for toxoplasmosis. These findings suggest that T. gondii in a person confers some form of reistance to infections with Plasmodium. It was recommended that the Public Health Ministry in Cameroon could include screening for toxoplasmosis among the routine test for pregnant women in order to improve on the health of mother and baby.

scholarly journals Correlation between Ocular Axial Length and Body Mass Index in a Black Population

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
I. N. Aprioku ◽  
C. S. Ejimadu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Black Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To determine the correlation between Ocular axial length (AL) and body mass index (BMI) in a black population. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in Port Harcourt City LGA, Nigeria. Subjects were selected using multistage random sampling with inclusion criteria of Visual Acuity > 6/18, age greater than 18 years with no history of past ocular surgeries or trauma. Socio demographic data was obtained through an interviewer based structured proforma. Data obtained included age, sex, tribe, occupation and level of education. Weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured using a standard height and weight automated scale (SECA 769,220). Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Axial length (AL) was measured using Amplitude (A) scan ultrasonography (SONOMED PACSCAN 300AP). Data obtained from one eye of the subjects were analyzed using SPSS (Version 17), and p value was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: Four hundred and sixty six (466) subjects participated in the study made up of two hundred and twelve (212) males (45.5%) and two hundred and fifty four (254) females (54.5%) with M: F ratio of 1:1.2. The age range was 18-92 years and mean age of the subjects studied 43.0±14.2 years. Findings revealed mean AL, Body Mass Index, Height and Weight to be (23.2±1.0 mm), (26.9±6.2 kg/m2), (162.5±9 cm) and (70.5±14.8 kg) respectively. The mean AL was greater in males than females. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and axial length. There was a statistically significant relationship between height and AL in both gender with AL increasing by 0.035 mm (p=0.001, r=0.261) with one centimeter change in height in males and 0.025 mm (p=0.001, r=0.2680) in females and between AL and level of education (p=0.001). There was also a statistically significant (0.009 mm) increase in AL per one kilogramme change in weight in females (p=0.0001, r=0.188). Males had longer AL than females in all the BMI groups with a statistically significant difference found between the different BMI classes. Conclusion: This study noted that although there is no statistically significant relationship between AL and BMI, there are significant relationships between AL and height and weight respectively. Estimated AL in mm= 16.91 + 0.039 (height in cm).

scholarly journals Oral mucosal lesions and risk factors in elderly dental patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Bozdemir ◽  
Hasan Hüseyin Yılmaz ◽  
Hikmet Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Background. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in terms of sex, age, educational status, medication use, systemic diseases, the duration of denture use and tobacco or alcohol use. Methods. A total of 709 voluntary patients (375 males and 334 females), aged ≥60 years, were interviewed by one investigator for demographic data, systemic diseases, tobacco or alcohol use, denture use and the duration of denture use. Results. The majority of the participants (87.6%) had one or more oral mucosal lesions. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 46.3% in males and 41.3% in females (P=0.76). The most common oral mucosal lesion was a sublingual varicosity in both males and females. A statistically significant difference was observed between the three age groups (60–64, 65–69, and ≥70 years) with regard to the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (P=0.02). There was a significant relationship between the presence of systemic diseases and oral mucosal lesions (P=0.01). There was also a significant relationship between denture use and oral mucosal lesions (P=0.001). Smoking and a history of smoking were also significant predictive factors for oral mucosal lesions (OR: 3.385, P=0.045). Conclusion. Although the majority of oral mucosal lesions detected in the present study were benign, there were some patients with premalignant and malignant lesions. Therefore, periodic oral examinations for detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions are important, especially in the elderly, smokers and denture users.

scholarly journals INFLUENCIA DEL ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL ESTADO DE SALUD DE LOS ADULTOS MAYORES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Erika Toapaxi ◽  
Yeisy Guarate ◽  
Nadihezka Cusme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Introducción: El estilo de vida es aquella elección consciente o inconsciente de practicar ciertos comportamientos que se van adquiriendo con el paso del tiempo y que en ocasiones son difíciles de modificar, influyendo principalmente en la salud. Objetivo: Analizar el estilo de vida y su influencia en el estado de salud de los adultos mayores del Sector la Unión, Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal, con una muestra censal de 35 adultos mayores, se aplicó el instrumento fantástico y el cuestionario Salud SF-12, ambos instrumentos válidos y confiables. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados a través del software estadístico PSPP, por medio del cálculo de la distribución numérica, porcentual y la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, con significancia estadística (p<0.05). Resultados: En los datos demográficos predominan el sexo en 63%, 71% son indígenas, el 44% con edad entre 60-70 años, en los adultos mayores predominó el estilo de vida bueno con una diferencia significativa p<0,05 en relación al estilo de vida fantástico y regular, en la alimentación la mayoría consume dietas hiposódicas y bajas en grasas, mantienen un peso adecuado, automedicación ocasional y 43% presenta dolor corporal que dificulta un poco sus labores. Conclusiones: La población mantiene un estilo de vida adecuado, sin embargo, se evidenció debilidades que se deben fortalecer con actividades educativas de promoción de salud como el poco consumo frutas y verduras, hábitos cafeicos frecuentes. Palabras clave: adulto mayor, estilo de vida, hábitos saludables, alimentación.  ABSTRACT Introduction: The lifestyle is that conscious or unconscious choice to practice certain behaviors that are acquired over time and that are sometimes difficult to modify, mainly influencing health. Objective: To analyze the lifestyle and its influence on the health status of the elderly in the Sector La Unión, Province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study, with a census sample of 35 older adults, the fantastic instrument and the SF-12 Health questionnaire were applied, both valid and reliable instruments. The data obtained were processed through the PSPP statistical software, through the calculation of the numerical distribution, percentage and the Chi Square test, with statistical significance (p <0.05). Results: In the demographic data, sex predominates in 63%, 71% are indigenous, 44% aged between 60-70 years, in older adults the good lifestyle predominated with a significant difference p <0.05 in relation to a fantastic and regular lifestyle, most of them consume low-sodium and low-fat diets, maintain an adequate weight, occasional self-medication and 43% have body pain that makes their work a little difficult. Conclusions: The population maintains an adequate lifestyle, however, weaknesses were evidenced that should be strengthened with educational activities to promote health such as low consumption of fruits and vegetables, frequent coffee habits. Keywords: elderly, lifestyle, healthy habits, eating

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