scholarly journals Effects Of High Dosage of Codeine - Containing Cough Syrup Administration on Some Biochemical Parameters of Liver in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Aishatu Muhammad Bello ◽  
Ramlatu Musa Adam ◽  
Fatima Umar Maigari ◽  
Idi Jalil James ◽  
Abubakar Aisami
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Protein Level ◽  
Cough Syrup

The study aimed to determine the effect of a high dosage of codeine-containing cough syrup administration on some biochemical parameters of the liver in albino rats. Codeine at 80 mg/kg/day, 160 mg/kg/day, 240 mg/kg/day, 320 mg/kg/day cough syrup were administered orally to albino rats for 21 days, biochemical parameters were analyzed for the activities of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Bilirubin, Total protein and Albumin. Results obtained revealed that a high dosage of codeine administration significantly increased plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and albumin while it reduced total protein level when compared with the control rats. The study confirmed the risk of increased hepatotoxicity due to a high dosage of codeine administration. Although codeine is reported to be effective in pain management, its toxicity should be kept in mind.

Hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia macivera Linn in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different subchronic doses

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Atawodi ◽  
AC Ene ◽  
DA Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury

The possible hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia maciverae was evaluated biochemically and histologically using male Swiss albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups of 24 animals each. The groups (control, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were treated for 60 days and then monitored for another 30 days before sacrifice. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), total protein and albumin were assessed colorimetrically, while tissue specimens were subjected to histological examination following standard hematoxyline-eosin staining techniques. After 1 week of treatment, the extract caused statistically significant elevation in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (total and direct), while there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin at the onset of treatment when compared with the control. These abnormalities in the levels of serum biochemical parameters were spontaneously corrected within 2 weeks of treatment. Similarly, histological assessment showed severe hepatic tissue injuries after 1 week, but these organs recovered spontaneously by the second week of treatment. The results indicate that long-term exposure to therapeutic doses of chloroform extract of A maciverae is relatively safe, but high dose exposure may result in hepatocellular injury.

scholarly journals Antioxidative Role of Hatikana (Leea macrophyllaRoxb.) Partially Improves the Hepatic Damage Induced by CCl4in Wistar Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Akhter ◽  
Md. Atiar Rahman ◽  
Jannatul Aklima ◽  
Md. Rakibul Hasan ◽  
J. M. Kamirul Hasan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase

This research investigated the protective role ofLeea macrophyllaextract on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. Different fractions ofLeea macrophylla(Roxb.) crude extract were subjected to analysis for antioxidative effects. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal control, hepatic control, and reference control (silymarin) group and treatment group. Evaluations were made for the effects of the fractions on serum enzymes and biochemical parameters of CCl4-induced albino rat. Histopathological screening was also performed to evaluate the changes of liver tissue before and after treatment. Different fractions ofLeea macrophyllashowed very potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, FeCl3reducing effect, superoxide scavenging effect, and iron chelating effect. Carbon tetrachloride induction increased the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and other biochemical parameters such as lipid profiles, total protein, and CK-MB. In contrast, treatment ofLeea macrophyllareduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as well as biochemical parameters activities.L. macrophyllapartially restored the lipid profiles, total protein, and CK-MB. Histopathology showed the treated liver towards restoration. Results evidenced thatL. macrophyllacan be prospective source of hepatic management in liver injury.

scholarly journals Comparison of a full-spectrum multi-analyte clinical analyser with six reference instruments using canine and feline blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
CS Lin ◽  
GH Chiang ◽  
CH Liu ◽  
HC Tsai ◽  
CC Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Blood Samples

In this study, we report the characterisation of a novel centrifugation and spectrum-integrated veterinary clinical analyser, the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup>, which has been developed for the multiplex measurement of biochemical, electrolyte and immunoassay parameters in a point-of-care testing environment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytical performance of the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup> and to compare it with six reference instruments using clinical blood samples. Two hundred and four canine and 120 feline blood samples collected from veterinary teaching hospitals were analysed in parallel using the AmiShield and appropriate reference instruments. All results were evaluated separately for canine and feline specimens. The instrument’s analytical performance was evaluated initially for short- and long-term precision, bias, and observed total error using quality control material. This was followed by comparison of clinical specimens on the AmiShield analyser in parallel with the Vitros and Hitachi for biochemical parameters, VetScan and SNAPshot for total bile acids, and VetLyte and Biolyte for electrolytes. Overall, the AmiShield analyser’s performance met the standards of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology for total allowable error for most analytes, and can be considered suitable for use in veterinary clinical practices. Using canine samples, excellent correlation coefficients (r ≧ 0.92) were identified for 14 analytes of various categories including glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid, while good correlations (0.91 ≧ r ≧ 0.80) were recorded for albumin (r = 0.91). Bland-Altman difference plots also showed agreement (greater than 95% within Limits of Agreement) for glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid between AmiShield and the reference instruments. However, aspartate aminotransferase and phosphorus exhibited higher outliers, implying potential problems associated with matrix interferences such as lipemic samples, which warrant further study. This study demonstrates that the AmiShield compares favourably with standard reference instruments, and the new device generated data of high quality for most analytes in clinical canine and feline samples. The capability of reliably measuring multi-category analytes in one device using minute amounts (170 μl) of whole blood and short turn-around times (&lt; 15 min) underlines the high potential of the device as a good alternative in-house diagnostic application.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Terminalia Chebula Extract on Serum Total Protein against

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Tania Yeasmin ◽  
Kazi Shamima Akhter ◽  
Masud Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Total Protein Level ◽  
Serum Total Protein Level

Terminalia Chebula extract is used for regeneration of hepatic cells and protection of liver against damage due to its active component. This study aims to observe the protective effect of Terminalia Chebula against Paracetamol induced change of serum total protein level in Wister Albino rats. The study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC) during January 2013 to December 2013. A total number of 44 rats, age ranging from 90 to 120 days, weight between 150 to 200 gm (initial body weight) were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into control groups and experimental groups. Before sacrifice, final body weights of all the rats were measured. then all the rats were sacrificed on 22nd day and then blood samples were collected. For assessment of liver function, serum total protein level was done by using standard laboratory kits. The mean serum total protein level was significantly (p<0.001) lower in paracetamol treated control group in comparison to those of baseline control group. Serum total protein level of all experimental groups were significantly (P<0.001) higher than Paracetamol treated control group. From the results of this study, it may be concluded that Terminalia Chebula may have some protective effect against Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats.Bangladesh Med J. 2017 Jan; 46 (1): 11-14

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin E on Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats Treated with Gasoline

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. George ◽  
O. A. Adegoke
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Chain Reaction

The study was carried out to assess the effect of antioxidant vitamin E on the toxicity caused by gasoline in albino rats. The study was carried out by monitoring the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alkphos), urea and creatinine in albino rats fed diet containing vitamin E to saturation and injecting gasoline intraperitoneally. It was observed that the LD100 and LD50 increased significantly in vitamin E fed rats compared to the gasoline fed rats. Also the enzymes monitored were reduced in vitamin fed rats compared with the gasoline fed rats while the kidney function improved with the vitamin E rats by the lowering of the urea and creatinine elevated by gasoline. This suggests that the vitamin E conferred some protection on the rats by its antioxidant nature. Therefore this study showed that gasoline as a free radical caused hepatotoxicity and renal damage while vitamin E can confer protection against toxicity caused by gasoline by donating an electron to stabilize the free radical and terminating the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged. Hence feeding on diet containing vitamin E should be encouraged.Keywords: Hepatotoxicity; Gasoline; Antioxidant; Enzymes.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7671                J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 651-659 (2011)

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF A TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AND THROMBOXANE A2 SYNTHASE INHIBITOR DRUG COMBINATION ON ALBUMIN AND TOTAL PROTEIN LEVEL WITH DIFFERENT DOSES IN RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-319
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD IRFAN BASHIR
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Protein Level ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the combined as well as individual effects of a typical antipsychotic and thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor on albumin and total protein level with minimum and maximum dose comparison in rats. Methods: This study consisted of 100 albino rats of 300 to 340 g from both gender, there were 10 groups, each contained 10 rats (n=10). Rats were treated with defined dose of zuclopenthixol (Zuclo) and ozagrel (Ozg) for 21 days (3 weeks). Blood samples were collected at 0, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of study. Albumin and total protein level were examined from blood samples using standard laboratory procedure. Results are extracted by applying statistical analysis on data and comparing percentage variation from 0-day value. Results: A typical antipsychotic-treated group showed gradually significant increase in albumin and total protein level, TXA2 synthase inhibitor-treated group also showed significant gradually increase in albumin and total protein level in combination groups, they showed highly significant increase p<0.001 in both parameter with maximum dose. Conclusion: Combination treatment with zuclopenthixol (Zuclo) and ozagrel (Ozg) can cause large increase on albumin and total protein level with maximum dose as compare to individual drug treatment.

scholarly journals Epizootology and biochemical Pparameters of Dogs with babesiosis in barnaul

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
N. M. Ponamarev ◽  
M. Yu. Novikova M. ◽  
N. V. Tikhaya
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

The purpose of the research is studying the epizootology of babesiosis and biochemical parameters of dogs with babesiosis in Barnaul. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Epizootology, Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of the Altai State Agrarian University and at the Barnaul Central Veterinary Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed according to the laboratory research journal from 2013 to 2017. Babesiosis was diagnosed based on clinical evidence and microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total and conjugated bilirubin, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, calcium and phosphorus contained in the blood serum was determined. In total, 1258 blood samples of dogs of different sex, age and breed were examined. In order to identify age-related features in hematological parameters, we formed 4 groups of 30 dogs in each age group. We studied indicators such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the total number of red blood cells, and white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and color index, and counted formed elements. The spread of ixodic ticks was studied in Barnaul and a suburban area of Chernitsky Forest. Ixodic ticks were collected on flag. A total of 535 live ticks of the Ixodidae family were collected. The species of ixodic ticks was identified using the Guide to arachnoentomoses. Results and discussion. The rate of babesia infection in dogs was 36.3%. Most often babesiosis occurs in outbred dogs, the terrier, German Shepherd dog, Cocker Spaniel, Central Asian Shepherd dog and dachshund. Males, especially those over the age of 8, are more infected with Babesia. Most cases of dog lesions by babesiosis occur in Zheleznodorozhny, Central and Industrial Districts of Barnaul. The disease is diagnosed from early April to late June, and from early August to late October. Significant indicators for identifying the pathology of individual systems and organs of the animal affected by babesiosis are aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, total and conjugated bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. The level of total protein under the age of two years is lowered, while calcium and phosphorus are within physiological values. 

Toxicological Interactions of Cassia Senna and Nerium oleander in the Diet of Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Yahya ◽  
A. H. Al-Farham ◽  
S. E. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The toxic effects of diet containing 10% of C. senna L. fruits or 10% of N. oleander L. leaves or their 1 : 1 mixture (5%+5%) on male Wistar rats treated for 6 weeks were investigated. Diarrhea was a prominent sign of C. senna L. toxicosis. In both phytotoxicities, there were decreases in body weight gains, inefficiency of feed utilization, dullness and enterohepatonephropathy. These findings accompanied by leukopenia and anemia were correlated with alterations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and other serum constituents. In both phytotoxicities, the ability of the liver to excrete bilirubin remained unchanged. Feeding the mixture of C. senna L. fruits and N. oleander L. leaves caused more serious effects and death of rats. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on haemato-biochemical parameters of red Sokoto bucks

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
J.I. Itodo ◽  
P.I. Rekwot ◽  
T.T. Aluwong ◽  
J.S. Rwuaan ◽  
K.O. Abah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Group D ◽  
Aspartate Transferase

Whole cottonseed (WCS) is an important source of protein for ruminants, however, it contains a polyphenolic secondary metabolite gossypol which may reduce its palatability and cause pathophysiological effects. The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of feeding graded levels of WCS on the haemato-biochemical parameters of Red Sokoto bucks (RSB). After a 14-day pre-treatment period, 20 bucks (n = 5) were assigned for 90 days to one of four isonitrogeneous treatments: control (A); 0 % (B); 15 % (C); 30 % and (D); 45 %. Blood was collected for Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and serum analyses at days 0, 45 and 90 of the experimental period for concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The PCV was decreased in groups fed above 15 % of WCS on days 45. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in globulin concentration, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities but aspartate transferase activity was higher (p < 0.05) in group D (45% WCS) compared to the various treatment groups. The urea concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in groups B and D at day 45 compared to the control group. The creatinine concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in group D at days 45 and 90 compared to the control group. The serum total protein and albumin concentration were higher (p < 0.05) in groups C and D at day 45 compared to the control group. Our finding revealed that prolonged feeding of bucks above 30 % WCS for more than 60 days exerted considerable deleterious and adverse effects on blood constituents leading to aneamia, hyper-cretenaemia, ureamia, increased levels of total protein, albumin, aspartate transferase activity and death. Keywords: Biochemical parameters, Bucks, Gossypol, Serum, Whole cotton seed

scholarly journals Influence of 8-Hour Road Transportation on Selected Physiological Parameters in Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Niedźwiedź ◽  
Marcin Zawadzki ◽  
Henryk Filipowski ◽  
Józef Nicpoń
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Physiological Variables

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the physiological responses in mature healthy horses prior to an 8 h transport, as well as immediately and 24 h after transportation in a horse truck, under autumn conditions typical for central Poland. The study was conducted on a group of 60 horses of different breed. Horses ranged from 4 to 10 years of age. Venous blood was taken 3 times: I - directly before loading the horses to the trailer, II - directly after unloading the horses from the trailer, III - after period of 24 h resting. There was no change in the concentrations of urea, cholesterol, creatinine, and magnesium and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase during the three subsequent samplings. Albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, and triglycerides were mostly influenced by the transport. The obtained results indicate that the transportation of horses alters concentrations of physiological variables of their metabolism.

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