scholarly journals Evaluation of Antihelmintic Activity of Indigenous Plants Found in India Including Butea Monosperma, Origanum Majorana, Piper Longum and Embelia Ribes And GC-MS Phytochemical Analysis of Plant Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1464-1471
Author(s):  
Kiran Giri ◽  
Aradhana Singh ◽  
Kamlesh M Palandurkar ◽  
Tuhina Banerjee ◽  
Satish Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Embelia Ribes ◽  
Origanum Majorana

Detoxifying Action of Aqueous Extracts of Mucuna pruriens Seed and Mimosa pudica Root Against Venoms of Naja nigricollis and Bitis arietans

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Ameh ◽  
Mamman Mohammed ◽  
Yusuf P. Ofemile ◽  
Magaji G. Mohammed ◽  
Ada Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization included snakebite envenomation among Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The importance of natural products from plants is enormous, given that most prescribed drugs originate from plants. Among this is Mucuna pruriens and Mimosa pudica, with many registered patents asserting their health benefits. Objective: This study investigated the in vitro neutralizing effects of Mucuna pruriens seed and Mimosa pudica root extracts on venoms of Naja nigricollis and Bitis arietans. Methods: In mice, the LD50 and phytochemical analysis of M. pruriens and M. pudica plant extracts were carried out prior to the evaluation of their haemolytic and fibrinolytic effect. Their effects on the activities of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were also assessed. Results: At a concentration of 50 mg/ml, both plant extracts were found to neutralize the fibrinolytic activity of N. nigricollis, but 400 mg/ml was required to neutralize the fibrinolytic activity of B. arietans. In haemolytic studies, 50 mg/ml concentration of M. pruriens extract suppressed haemolysis caused by N. nigricollis venom by 70% but at the same concentration, M. pudica extract reduced haemolysis by 49.4%. M. pruriens, at 50 mg/ml concentration, only inhibited phospholipase A2 activity by 7.7% but higher concentrations up to 400mg/ml had no effect against the venom of N. nigricollis; at 200 mg/ml. M. pudica extract inhibited PLA2 activity by 23%. Conclusion: The results suggest that M. pruriens and M. pudica may be considered as promising antivenom agents for people living in a snake-bite prone environment.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Whole Plant of Piper Longum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Fathima Suman P ◽  
Minhaj . ◽  
I Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

This study deals with the Pharmacognostical physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the whole plant of Piper longum L. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (10.8%), acid insoluble ash (1.3%), water soluble ash (3.2%), sulphated ash (12%), nitrated ash (1.85%), hot extraction (11.2%), water soluble extractive (4.8%), ethanol soluble extractive (12.4%), ether soluble extractive (5.6%), loss on drying (29%), swelling index (0.33) and mucilage content (0.8%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, mucilage, starch, steroid and flavonoids. This study helps to development of different standard parameters of the plant which help the plant identification and authentication. Keywords: Piper longum L., Whole plant, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Extract.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Staurogyne sp. in fish disease bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Media Fitri Isma Nugraha ◽  
Hessy Novita ◽  
Muh Alias Rajamuddin ◽  
Rossa Yunita ◽  
Wening Enggarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Edwardsiella Ictaluri ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare

This study was aimed to identify the potential use of active compounds extracted from Staurogyne sp as an antibacterial agent to control disease-causing bacteria in fish. Staurogyne sp, an aquatic plant collected from Bantimurung, South Sulawesi were subjected to allelochemical compound. Plant extracts were tested to five bacteria including four types of bacterial pathogen, such as Aeromonas hydrophilla, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Flavobacterium columnare, and one bacterial sensing quoroum, Chromobacterium violaceum. Based on phytochemical analysis, Staurogyne’s extracts derived from both stem and root contained flavonoids, phenols, and antioxidants compounds with the concentration of 0.018 mgQE/g, 0.3471 mgGAE/g, and  1004,391 IC50 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, Staurogyne plant extracts derived from both their stem and root has also produced both saponins and glycosides compounds. Plant extracts derived from Staurogyne’s leaves revealed three major chemical compounds such as flavonoids (0.77 mgQE/g), phenol (0.0629 mgGAE/g), and glycosides (+). However, no antioxidants and saponin compounds were detected.  Applying plant extracts as an antibacterial on five disease-causing bacteria causing diseases in aquaculture, such as Aeromonas Hydrophilla, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus agalactiae, Flavobacterium columnare, and Chromobacterium violaceum bacterials revealed that at concentration of 0.1 g the Staurogyne sp extracts did not influence all the bacterials growth. However, by application of plant extract at concentration of 0.2 g on the growth media,three out of 5 tested bacterials (Aeromonas hydrophilla, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and Streptococcus agalactiae) showed intermediate inhibition responses on bacterial growth. The growth of remaining two bacterials pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare and Chromobacterium violaceum at 0.2 g plant extract of Staurogyne sp was not affected. This study revealed that the use of active compound derived from Staurogyne sp would be potential to be used in inhibiting disease-causing bacterial in fish in future. However, optimum concentration of the plant extracts, in particular on the inhibition of the growth of disease-causing bacteria in fish is still needed to adjust.Key words: Antibacterial, aquatic plant, Staurogyne sp, fish disease

Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of extracts from Ormocarpum trichocarpum (Taub.) and Euclea divinorum (Hiern) used as traditional medicine in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mhuji Kilonzo ◽  
Chrispinus Rubanza ◽  
Upendo Richard ◽  
Gideon Sangiwa
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Mic Value

Background: Medicinal plants have been of great value to human healthcare in most parts of the world for thousands of years. In Tanzania, over 12,000 species of higher plants have been reported, and about 10% are estimated to be used as medicines to treat different human health conditions. The present study aimed to determine in vitro antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of Ormocarpum trichocarpum and Euclea divinorum which are commonly used as a traditional medicine in Tanzania. Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of plants extracts against tested bacterial and fungal species were determined using 96 wells microdilution method. In this method, 50 μL of nutrient and saboraud’s dextrose broth for bacteria and fungus respectively were loaded in each well followed by 50 μL of extract to make final volume of 100 μL. Subsequently 50 μL were transferred from first rows of each well to the second rows and the process was repeated down the columns to the last wells from which 50 μL were discarded. Thereafter, 50 μL of the selected bacterial and fungal suspension was added to each well thus making final volume of 100μL. The lowest concentration which showed no microbe growth was considered as MIC. The study also evaluated phytochemical compounds present in the ethyl acetate extracts from O. trichocarpum stem bark and E. divinorum root bark extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Results: It was revealed that 66% of the tested microbes were susceptible to plant extracts at MIC value of 0.39 mg/mL whereas 83% being susceptible to extracts at MIC value of 0.781 mg/mL. Interestingly, four out of 18 tested plant extracts exhibited high antifungal activity below that of the standard antifungal drug, fluconazole. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various low molecular weight phytochemicals which belongs to six groups of secondary metabolites namely dieterpenes, alphatic hydrocarbons, tetraterpenes, sesquiterpenes, steroid and triterpenes. Conclusion: It was concluded that the presence of various phytochemicals in the tested plant extracts may be associated with pharmacological properties of O. trichocarpum and E. divinorum and therefore justifying ethnomedical usage of such plants.   Keywords: Antibacterial, antifungal, Ormocarpum trichocarpum, Euclea divinorum

scholarly journals The Direct Toxicity Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
MT Ahmed ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MW Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh to evaluate the efficacy of four indigenous plants parts such as leaves of raintree (Albizia saman), riot lata (Mikania micrantha), pithraj (Aphanamixis polystachya) and seeds of mahogani (Swietenia macrophylla) with methanol extracts at the rates of 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5% for their direct toxicity against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The experiments were set up following Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that extracts of all the plant parts had very close efficacy in relation to direct toxicity effect and grain protection values. Pithraj leaf extract showed the highest mortality (96.66%) action and raintree leaf extract showed the lowest (80.33%) with 10% extract at 5 DAT. The effectiveness of all the plant extracts were found to increase with the increase of doses and decreased proportionatelly with the increase of timeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22206 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 65-67 2014

scholarly journals A Characteristic Study on the Effect of Ginger and Nutmeg Extracts on Pseudomonas and E.coli biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-396
Author(s):  
Challaraj Emmanuel E S ◽  
Vinni Biji ◽  
Gayathri N. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Medicines

A number of phytochemicals or secondary metabolites were produced by herbs and spices. These were used as food preservatives and also as traditional medicines from long back. These were having various pharmacological benefits which included antioxidant, analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties. In the present study two different plant species (Zingiber officinale, Myristica fragrans) were used for studying their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done by using standard methodology. FTIR analysis of the ginger and nutmeg extracts were carried out to study the functional groups present in the respective plant extracts. The extracts were also subjected to NMR spectroscopy. Two different bacteria were used for the studies which are good biofilm producers, Pseudomonas and E.coli. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic and choloroform extracts of ginger and nutmeg were studied using air liquid interphase coverslip assay and biofilm assay. The results suggest that the ginger and nutmeg extracts have biofilm inhibition activity. The reduction in biofilm was observed in all the 3 concentrations of the nutmeg chloroform extract with maximum biofilm reduction in 100% and was compared with the control. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, biofilm inhibition was observed in all 3 concentrations of ginger and nutmeg.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PIPER LONGUM LINN. FRUITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Introduction: Piper longum Linn, belonging to the family Piperaceae, is a climber, perennial shrub which is commonly found in India.  The dried fruits of Piper longum are widely used in Ayurvedic System of medicines since time unknown. It posses significant pharmacological properties due to presence of variety of chemical constituents in it. Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical parameters for Piper longum fruits, as per the WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. Materials and Methods: WHO emphasized the use of standardized herbs and formulations for safety and best therapeutic results. Results and Discussion: Pharmacognostical studies shows that the fruits of Piper longum are found as green when fresh which turns grayish black upon drying. It posses pungent, bitter and acrid taste. The fruits are cylindrical with small petiole. The powder microscopy shows the presence of brown content, oleo resins, stone cells and calcium oxalate crystals. Physiochemical analysis shows variable extractive values in different solvents with maximum extractives of 20.6±0.021% in water and minimum extractive value of 6.6±0.036% in chloroform. Total Ash value of 8.3±0.015%, Acid Insoluble Ash- 1.16±0.025% and Water Soluble Ash- 5.5±0.01%, Foreign Matter- 1.62±0.12%, Moisture content of 15.70±0.051%, Bitterness value-1.96, Swelling Index-1.5±0.01 and Foaming Index- 102.33. Phytochemical analysis of the fruits of Piper longum shows the presence of alkaloids, volatile oil, tannins, fixed oils, and phenolics. Conclusion: The botanical, physical and chemical parameters obtained in this study can be used for establishing the identity and purity of the drug that will lead to safety and efficacy of the herb.

scholarly journals COMPARISON EFFICACY OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS AND PLANT EXTRACTS FOR TICK CONTROL

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Arshed ◽  
Shabab Nasir ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Masroor Illahi Babar ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Egg Masses

Ticks are considered as harmful and economically important ectoparasites because their infestation seriously affects the cattle worldwide. Tick control with synthetic acaricides is not only dangerous for animal and human health but also causes environmental pollution. The present study was designed to evaluate the plant extracts in comparison with synthetic acaricides to control Hyalomma anatolicum. Five different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500 and 750 ppm) of methanolic plant extracts and acaricides, were employed to evaluate the mortality of ticks after 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs. Mortality data was analyzed through Probit analysis to calculate the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the median lethal time (LT50). Methanolic extract from Azadirachta indica demonstrated the highest mortality (LC50 = 38.3 ppm) of ticks as compared to Dalbergia sissoo (LC50 = 58.76 ppm) and Morus alba (LC50 = 92.95 ppm). Amongst acaricides, fipronil exhibited highest mortality (LC50 = 35.01 ppm) when compared with emamectin (LC50 = 46.87 ppm) and cypermethrin (LC50 = 37.83 ppm). Higher concentration (750 ppm) of acaricides (fipronil, emamectin and cypermethrin) displayed quicker mortality (LT50 = 6.53-8.95 hrs) as compare to the plant extracts (LT50 = 8.49-29.17 hrs). Effects of these treatments were also studied on egg masses and reproductive index (RI) of the surviving ticks. The results revealed a significant, concentration-dependent variation among the egg masses treated with plant extracts and acaricides; and subsequently, their reproductive index values also decreased significantly. Phytochemical analysis of the tested plant extracts revealed presence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and phenols in variable quantities. Conclusively, our results describe a significant scope of environment friendly plant extracts for ticks’ management.Key words: plant extracts; synthetic acaricides; tick mortality PRIMERJAVA UČINKOVITOSTI SINTETIČNIH KEMIKALIJ IN RASTLINSKIH EKSTRAKTOV ZA NADZOR NAD KLOPIIzvleček: Klopi veljajo za škodljive in ekonomsko pomembne ektoparazite, kajti njihova okužba po vsem svetu hudo prizadane govedo na paši. Zatiranje klopov s sintetičnimi akaricidi ni nevarno samo za zdravje živali in ljudi, temveč povzroča tudi onesnaževanje okolja. Študija je bila zasnovana z namenom ovrednotenja rastlinskih izvlečkov v primerjavi s sintetičnimi akaricidi za nadzor nad Hyalomma anatolicum. Za oceno umrljivosti klopov po 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 in 48 urah je bilo uporabljenih pet različnih koncentracij (50, 100, 250, 500 in 750 ppm) metanolnih rastlinskih izvlečkov in akaricidov. Podatki o smrtnosti so bili analizirani z analizo Probit za izračun srednje smrtne doze (LC50) in srednjega časa smrti (LT50). Metanolni ekstrakt iz Azadirachta indica je pokazal najvišjo umrljivost (LC50=38,3 ppm) klopov v primerjavi z Dalbergia sissoo (LC50 =58,76 ppm) in Morus alba (LC50=92,95 ppm). Med akaricidi je imel fipronil največji učinek smrtnosti (LC50=35,01 ppm) v primerjavi z emamektinom (LC50=46,87 ppm) in cipermetrinom (LC50=37,83 ppm). Višja koncentracija (750 ppm) akaricidov (fipronil, emamektin in cipermetrin) je pokazala hitrejšo smrtnost (LT50=6,53-8,95 ur) v primerjavi z rastlinskimi ekstrakti (LT50=8,49-29,17 ur). Učinke zdravljenj so preučevali tudi na jajčnih masah in obravnavali reproduktivni indeks (RI) preživelih klopov. Rezultati so pokazali pomembno, koncentracijsko odvisno variacijo med jajčnimi masami, obdelanimi z rastlinskimi izvlečki in akaricidi. Posledično so se vrednosti njihovega reproduktivnega indeksa znatno zmanjšale. Fitokemijska analiza preizkušenih rastlinskih izvlečkov je razkrila prisotnost flavonoidov, steroidov, terpenoidov, saponinov, taninov in fenolov v spremenljivih količinah. Rezultati opravljene raziskave opisujejo pomembne lastnosti okolju prijaznih rastlinskih izvlečkov pri preprečevanju napadov klopov.Ključne besede: rastlinski izvlečki; sintetični akaricidi; smrtnost klopov

scholarly journals WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FLOWERS OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA LINN. IN DIABETIC ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Shweta Panwar ◽  
Neetesh Kumar Jain ◽  
MK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

The main of our study is to evaluate the Wound Healing Potential of Methanolic Extract of Flowers of Butea monosperma Linn. in Diabetic Animals. Methanolic extract was prepared by continuous hot extraction method by soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and some glycosides. Diabetes was induced by single injection of Alloxan monohydrate in Wistar albino rats and their blood glucose levels were measured. Excision wound model was used for creation of wound in diabetic animals and methanolic extract was administered in diabetic animals to observe its effect. Methanolic extract significantly lowered the blood glucose level and highly significantly showed wound contraction in diabetic animals. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the Butea monosperma flower extract showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. As per previous literature survey, flavonoids are responsible for anti-diabetic and wound healing activity. So this wound healing effect of Butea monosperma may be due to presence of flavonoids in plant. Hence present research supports traditional claims of the plant in wound healing. Keywords: Butea monosperma, Diabetic animals, Alloxan monohydrate, Methanolic Extract, Wound Area

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