scholarly journals A Study on Road Safety for the Visually Challenged – Policy Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Asha Bhatia ◽  
Sanjwani Jayant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Visually Challenged ◽  
Correct Technique ◽  
Health Organization

There is an increase in number of accidents, injuries and deaths due to a rise in motor vehicle population. India is a signatory of the Brasilia Declaration with an agenda to reduce the number of accidents by 50% by the year 2020, yet it can be observed that the incidents of accidents have not decreased. There were 285 million visually impaired people in the world, of which 246 million had low vision and 39 million were blind as per the World Health Organization report (2012). It is alarming to note that around 90% of the blind live in the developing world. They are constantly dealing with challenges in their day to day life. Commuting by roads is all the more unsafe for these visually challenged pedestrians. This unique study has conducted an in depth interview to understand the needs and problems faced by the visually challenged pedestrians, followed by a primary survey on World White Cane Day to judge the extent of awareness of the correct technique. The appropriate techniques were then demonstrated to the general public, thus creating awareness and the behavioral changes needed in this endeavor. The paper has used a theoretical concept and practically suggests policy implication for empowering the disabled through awareness drives and collaborating with various government agencies.

scholarly journals Factors increasing safety of the disabled road users

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Monika Ucińska ◽  
Ewa Odachowska
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
World Health ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Health Organization

A report by the World Health Organization indicates that over one billion people in the world are affected by some form of disability or have limited fitness, and 200 million have difficulties in functioning [1]. In Poland, according to the statistics, there are 7.5 million people with functional limitations, including almost 2.5 million those in a significant degree [2]. Many people with different dysfunctions drive vehicles, among this group there are also older people, who, with age experience the reduction of many functions affecting the safe driving of the vehicle. To assess some factors increasing the safety of disabled participants in the road traffic, selected psychomotor aspects have been verified. This article presents analyses related to determining the capabilities of people with disabilities depending on whether the disability was congenital or acquired. These drivers were also compared with non-disabled road users. Psychomotor performance was checked using the DTS (Driver Test Station) device. It was noticed that people with acquired disability do better in the majority of tests measuring both pressure forces and reactions of particular limbs in comparison with people with a congenital disability. The research presented sets the direction for further explorations, mainly due to the small group of respondents, but they can nevertheless form the basis for further hypotheses and their verification.

scholarly journals Development of Text to Speech Conversion System for Low Vision and Blind People

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2154-2158
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Content Recognition ◽  
Visually Challenged ◽  
Health Organization

Around the world 285 million individuals are found to be visually challenged out of 7.4 billion populations found in a survey made by World Health Organization. These people face many problems but the major problem is reading. It is observed that they cannot read the text which is not written in braille. In the thought process of supporting them, here is a framework proposed for the visually challenged people which can perform content recognition and produce voice yield. This can assist the visually challenged people with reading any printed content and convey in speech output. A camera is utilized to capture the content from the printed content and the captured picture experiences progression of picture pre-preprocessing steps to get the content of the picture and expels the background. Characters are identified utilizing Tesseract-Optical Character recognition (OCR). The identified script is then changed into voice, utilizing open source speech synthesizer (TTS). Finally, the speech output is heard by the earphones.

scholarly journals Developing Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: Eleven Case Studies from around the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Samuèle Rémillard-Boilard ◽  
Tine Buffel ◽  
Chris Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Global Network ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Health Organization

Developing age-friendly cities and communities has become a key part of policies aimed at improving the quality of life of older people in urban areas. The World Health Organization has been especially important in driving the ‘age-friendly’ agenda, notably through its Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities, connecting 1114 (2020 figure) cities and communities worldwide. Despite the expansion and achievements of the Network over the last decade, little is known about the progress made by cities developing this work around the world. This article addresses this research gap by comparing the experience of eleven cities located in eleven countries. Using a multiple case study approach, the study explores the key goals, achievements, and challenges faced by local age-friendly programs and identifies four priorities the age-friendly movement should consider to further its development: (1) changing the perception of older age; (2) involving key actors in age-friendly efforts; (3) responding to the (diverse) needs of older people; and (4) improving the planning and delivery of age-friendly programs. The article concludes by discussing the research and policy implications of these findings for the age-friendly movement.

scholarly journals Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6439
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Febres ◽  
Miguel Ángel Mariscal ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
Susana García-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Unsafe Behavior ◽  
Health Organization

Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.

Risk Factors of Low Vision in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Tiur Dianawati ◽  
Liena Sofiana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vision Disorder ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Health Organization

Low vision and blindness is a vision disorder that becomes an important issue with regard to a person's independence. According to data owned by the World Health Organization in 2011, the number of blind people in the world reached 39 million, 246 million for low vision and 285 million for blindness. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence of risk factors in children with low vision in Low Vision Service Center Pertuni Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study was an observational analytic study employed cross sectional design. The subject participated in this study was 139 children. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis. The instrument used was check list. There were relationships between the sex with low vision (p = 0.028, RR = 1.308), there was no relationship between regular eye checkup with low vision incidence (p = 0.801, RR = 1.054). There was relationship between the use of vision aids with low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 0.640), there was a relationship between the cataract with low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 1.472), there was a correlation between the refractive disorderwith low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 0.625).There should be an awareness of health behaviours in the use of vision aids as needed and balanced diet with sufficient physical activity and regular.

Low Vision: A Working Paper for the World Health Organization

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lawrence ◽  
J. Lovie-Kitchin ◽  
W.G. Brohier
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This article has been adapted from a paper presented by the authors to the WHO (World Health Organization) Programme Advisory Group on Prevention of Blindness. The article, by focusing on representative countries, reports on low vision needs and services around the world.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of disability due to eye diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Nazaryan ◽  
P M Arbukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Despite current successes of ophthalmology, during the last decades, blindness and low vision affect the population of both developed and developing countries. In United States, the prevalence of blindness in 1940 was 17.5 per 10 thousand in 1960-1979, this figure reached 20.0, and nowadays - 50.0 per 10 thousand. population. According to the World Health Organization data of 2014, the World has 285 million blind and visually impaired people, 90% of visually impaired live in developing countries. The main causes of blindness in underdeveloped and developing countries are cataract, trachoma, onchocerciasis, xerophthalmia. In highly developed countries, the causes are different - glaucoma, degenerative myopia, cataract, chorioretinal degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, congenital eye diseases. In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of blindness and low vision, as well as the structure of nosologies leading to these conditions are similar to those in developed countries. The prevalence of blindness and low vision in Russia, according to E.S. Liebman, for the 1985-2002 increased from 13.6 to 17.0 per 10 thousand, and the prevalence of blindness - from 7.0 to 7.8 per 10 thousand. The maximum rates observed in the Central and Volga economic regions (25.6 and 20.3), in the Udmurt Republic (39.6), Lipetsk (41.1) and Yaroslavl (34.3) regions (per 10 thousand). The World Health Organization has developed a long-term plan of action for the prevention of eye diseases in the global initiative «Vision 2020: the Right to Sight». A good progress has been made, particularly in combating infectious causes of blindness by supporting the Member States and attracting long-term resources. Thus, an active work is ongoing to reduce the disability due to eye diseases worldwide. Up to 80% of cases of blindness can be avoided with early diagnosis and treatment of patients.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Rehabilitation Services Systems for People With Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-563
Author(s):  
Mohsen Iravani ◽  
◽  
Leila Riahi ◽  
Kianoush Abdi ◽  
Seyed Jamaledin Tabibi Seyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
National Data ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: Providing desirable rehabilitation services to people with disabilities has always been one of the most critical concerns of the health system in all countries. Today, it is crucial for policymakers and health care providers to recognize the different systems for providing rehabilitation services to people with disabilities. In this regard, it is beneficial to conduct comparative studies and use successful countries’ experiences in this subject. This comparison-analytical study aimed to compare the systems for providing rehabilitation services to people with disabilities. Materials & Methods: This comparative study was conducted in nine countries in 2020. To determine the comparison framework in this research, four dimensions of health systems’ functions were used based on the 2000 report of the World Health Organization. The countries were compared in dimensions of stewardship, resource production, financing, and service provision. Findings obtained from each country were presented separately in the comparative tables. The model used in this comparative study was based on the Beredy Model that contains four stages of description, interpretation, proximity, and comparison. In the present study, the purposive sampling method was used. The statistical population included rehabilitation systems globally, and the research examples were Iran, China, Turkey, India, the USA, Mexico, Germany, England, and South Africa. Criteria for entering the research according to the functional model of the World Health Organization were the availability of data and selecting at least one country from each continent of America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Results: The findings showed that in Iran, the Welfare Organization was responsible for providing rehabilitation services for people with disabilities, while in other countries, it was the Ministry of Health. Also, to compare resource production, two staff training indicators and access to comprehensive national data were used. In all countries studied, the training of specialized human resources is done through the university system. Iran, India, and Mexico did not have full access to comprehensive national data, but the United States, Germany, China, South Africa, and Turkey provided the platform for planning and policy-making. Moreover, funding in Germany, the United States, China, and Turkey is mainly provided through the insurance system. In the United Kingdom, it is mainly provided through tax, but in Iran, it is provided through subsidies from the public revenues and taxes. Finally, besides the private sector, rehabilitation services in Iran’s public sector were provided incoherently by various organizations. Some of these organizations are the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Exceptional Education Organization, the Red Crescent, the State Welfare Organization, and the Martyrs and Veterans Affairs Foundation, while in other countries, these services are often provided through hospitals and the private sectors. Conclusion: Despite the numerous strengths in the system of providing rehabilitation services to the disabled in Iran, the integration of the rehabilitation sectors of various organizations within the Ministry of Health not only increases the inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral coordination, the coherence of management, and unified policy, but also leads to reduced costs, proper allocation of resources and increased financial resources in this sector. Besides, it leads to a reduction in overlapping tasks and responsibilities and prevention of duplication of work, training of specialized personnel based on the needs, and finally providing more desirable services. Therefore, policymakers and planners must review and reform the laws and processes to form a system for providing rehabilitation services to the disabled in Iran.

Role Of Educational Institutions In Empowerment Of Visually Challenged Graduate Women Students – A Study In Chennai Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
C. SIVAPRIYA ◽  
DR.S. PREETHA ◽  
S. SUBHASHINI
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
The World ◽  
Visually Challenged ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about 62 million visually impaired people in India. Going by this statistic this is quite a huge number which equals to the population of countries like Australia, New Zealand and few other European Countries. This draws to the fact that it is the responsibility of the state and all stake holders of the society to contribute towards the empowerment of the visually impaired.

scholarly journals Smart Safety Helmet for Bike Riders using IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Dharani P ◽  
Ganesh T ◽  
Gopinath V ◽  
Sharmasth Vali Y
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Smart Safety ◽  
Two Wheeler

According to the law of the Indian government as per section 129 of the motor vehicle act of 1988 briefly explains the motorcycle or two-wheeler rider is mandatory to wear the helmet while driving and the recent survey conducted on road accidents by the world health organization (WHO). This WHO organization has briefly mentioned the cause and the prevention of road accidents that are happened around the world. They also mentioned the highest death rate that took place in India and the survey also reported as per the rate 1.5 lakh of road death has been accounted for by each year approximately. The above article motivates us to develop a system that is capable of providing safety and precaution to the bike rider. We designed a system that is capable of detecting the rider is whether wearing the helmet or not. Then detecting if the rider has consumed alcohol or not, whether if these two conditions are yet satisfied then only the motor will ignite or else it will not ignite. In case an accident occurred, our system is capable of detecting the accident and its location approximately. We implanted the led strip indication in the helmet unit to reduce the percentage of an accident during night times.

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