scholarly journals Is Being Single a Risk Factor for Previously Undetected Abnormal Glucose Tolerance?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Labeena Wajahat ◽  
Raisa Uddin ◽  
Andrew Lai ◽  
Luisa Pombo ◽  
Noel Barengo
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

BACKGROUND: Type II diabetes represents a chronic disease with costly consequences. It is important to identify all risk factors to allow patients the opportunity to counter its progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between marital status and previously undiagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in a northern Colombian population.METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional screening study in a northern Colombian adult population ages 18-74 using healthcare insurance company data from 2014-2015. The main exposure was marital status, while the outcome was AGT. A descriptive analysis of the variables in the database was conducted, and chi-square analysis of categorical covariates and a t-test of continuous covariates were performed. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between marital status and AGT.RESULTS: Single individuals had a 20% decreased odds of having AGT compared to married individuals (odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 - 1.0), but this association disappeared after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 - 1.2). There was a 40% increased odds of AGT in women compared to men (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.1 - 1.8). Hypertension increased the risk of AGT by about 60% (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.2 - 2.1), while obesity was associated with an 80% increased odds of developing AGT (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.3 - 2.4).CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that screening for abnormal glucose tolerance may not be necessary in specific marital status groups.

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT PADA PEKERJAAN MENEBANG KAYU DI HUTAN PRODUKSI (STUDI KASUS PADA PENGOPERASIAN CHAINSAW PERUM PERHUTANI KPH MADIUN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Raditya Angga Pradipta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Forest Production ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Logging the forest production is a high risk work. The condition of the forest acreage is difficult, the imbalance between the tools used by condition of the field and the skills of workers can lead to accidents. One of supporting job in the process of logging the forest production is the operation of the chainsaw that has hazards and risks which must be controlled. The main objective of this research was to risk assessment in the operational of the chainsaw in the work to cutting down trees in Perhutani KPH Madiun. This research was an observational research that conducted using cross sectional design and descriptive analysis. Data were used primary data based on interviews, observations and secondary data collected from the company. This research performed based on work activities of operating chainsaw. The result showed that based on idetification of hazards in activities of operating chainsaw in cutting trees, there were18 hazards Risk assessment showed that from 18 pure risks, there were 4 low risks,7 medium risks and 7 high risks. The conclusion from this research is the risk most dominant obtained from the risk assessment is high risk and risks while each one had the amount of 7 danger or 39 % of all the potential here hazards, to at a job should not be continued, work that needs to be set repeated or attempts to control at work to reduce the risk. Control must be reviewed for conformity before work began.Keywords: cut timber, identification hazards, risk assessment

scholarly journals KEJADIAN INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL DEMOGRAFI DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR UTARA TAHUN 2014-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Kadek Yulita Dewi Lestari ◽  
Desak Nyoman Widyanthini ◽  
I Ketut Tangking Widarsa
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Status Occupation ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Male Subjects

ABSTRAK Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) adalah infeksi yang penularannya terutama melalui hubungan seksual. Di Indonesia, jumlah kasus IMS pada tahun 2014 terjadi sebanyak 5608 kasus. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali mencatat jumlah pasien IMS yang ditemukan pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 9.202 orang. Jumlah ini meningkat sebanyak 62,17% pada tahun 2014 dan mengalami penurunan sebanyak 61,82% pada tahun 2015. Data yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Denpasar menunjukkan bahwa dari keseluruhan kasus di Kota Denpasar pada tahun 2016, kasus IMS tertinggi berada di wilayah Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara yaitu sebanyak 36,94 %. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian IMS berdasarkan karakteristik sosial demografi meliputi jenis penyakit, umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan terakhir, status perkawinan, pekerjaan, kelompok risiko, pemakaian kondom dan jumlah pasangan seksual pada bagian IMS di Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara tahun 2014-2016.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional retrospektif. Populasi dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang berkunjung ke Klinik IMS Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara periode tahun 2014-2016 yang diperoleh secara total sampling. Data sekunder yang diperoleh selanjutnya diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan stata.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian IMS lebih tinggi pada kelompok umur 41-50 sebanyak 25%, subjek laki-laki sebanyak 26,4%, tidak pernah sekolah sebanyak 12,5%, subjek dengan status kawin sebanyak 37,6%, pekerjaan berisiko sebanyak 25,5%, kelompok WPS sebanyak 60%, subjek yang kadang-kadang memakai kondom sebanyak 18,2% dan jumlah pasangan seksual >1 sebanyak 39,4%.  Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kejadian IMS di Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara tahun 2014-2016 yaitu 7,4%-13%. Kejadian IMS lebih tinggi pada kelompok umur 41-50 dengan pekerjaan berisiko, kelompok WPS dan jumlah pasangan seksual >1. Tiga jenis IMS yang paling sering terjadi di Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara dalam 3 tahun terakhir yaitu Urethritis Non-GO disusul Servisitis dan Kandidiasis. Diharapkan sasaran dalam pelaksanaan program IMS tidak hanya bagi penderita namun juga bagi pasangannya dan tidak hanya menyasar kelompok risiko seperti WPS namun juga pelanggan PS. Kata Kunci: Kejadian, IMS, karakteristik, cross sectional retrospektif     ABSTRACT Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)  are transmitted infections mainly through sexual contact. In Indonesia, the number of STI cases in 2014 reached 5608 cases. The Bali Provincial Health Service recorded 9,202 STI patients found in 2013. This number increased by 62.17% in 2014 and decreased by 61.82% in 2015. Data obtained from the Denpasar City Health Office showed that of all cases in Denpasar City in 2016, the highest STI cases were in the Puskesmas area II North Denpasar as much as 36.94%. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of STIs based on socio-demographic characteristics including the type of disease, age, sex, recent education, marital status, occupation, risk group, condom use and number of sexual partners in the STI section at Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara in 2014-2016 . This research is a descriptive study with a retrospective cross sectional research design. The population and sample in this study were all patients who visited the IMS Clinic II North Denpasar Health Center for the period 2014-2016 obtained in total sampling. The secondary data obtained are then processed statistically using stata. The results showed that the incidence of STIs was higher in the 41-50 age group by 25%, male subjects by 26.4%, never attending school by 12.5%, subjects with marital status by 37.6%, occupations at risk as much as 25.5%, FSW group as much as 60%, subjects who sometimes used condoms as much as 18.2% and the number of sexual partners> 1 were 39.4%. The conclusion of this study is the incidence of STIs in Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara in 2014-2016, namely 7.4% -13%. The incidence of STIs was higher in the 41-50 age group with risk jobs, FSW groups and number of sexual partners> 1. Three types of STIs that most often occur in Puskesmas II Denpasar Utara in the last 3 years, namely Non-GO Urethritis followed by Cervicitis and Candidiasis. It is expected that the target in the implementation of the IMS program is not only for sufferers but also for their partners and not only targeting risk groups such as WPS but also PS customers. Keywords: Occurrence, STI, characteristic, retrospective cross sectional

scholarly journals Does the Formal Financial Sector Enhance Small Business Employment Generation in Nepal: Evidence from Cross-Sectional Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Dipendra Karki ◽  
Sushmita Upreti ◽  
Udbodh Bhandari ◽  
Sharad Rajbhandari ◽  
Niranjan Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Employment Generation

Small business enterprises are widely recognized as a driving force of economic growth and development in any nation. Empirical evidence has shown that they contribute to job creation, help to alleviate poverty, and increase a nation’s level of productivity. In the exponential increase of small businesses, the role of the financial sector is crucial. This paper aims to identify the role of formal financial support in small business employment generation in Bouddhanath, Kathmandu. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Purposive sampling was used to select 285 business owners. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect their responses. Primary and secondary data was employed to analyze user status. Data analysis was performed with the help of descriptive analysis and a financial support index. The results showed that financial support plays a critical role in the enhancement of the small business sector, allowing businesses to create employment opportunities which further helps to maintain the Nepalese economy. The major challenges to the growth of small businesses in Nepal lie in securing initial funding and overreliance on credit. In addition, the ability to afford quality staff has an equally strong effect on the success of small businesses. Business growth clearly depends on the role of the formal financial sector to achieve the desired outcomes.

scholarly journals Analisis Tingkat Penerapan Manajemen Pengetahuan Dalam Membangun Organisasi Berbasis Pengetahuan (Studi Kasus PT Trubus Mitra Swadaya SE-JABODETABEK)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Raniasari Bimanti Esthi ◽  
Anggraini Sukmawati
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Calculation Analysis

<p>PT Trubus Mitra Swadaya is a company engaged in the agribusiness industry that sells a wide range of agricultural goods. The development of the agribusiness industry, particularly agricultural stores are now increasing to fiercer competition. The objectives of this research were (1) Identify the level of knowledge management at PT Trubus Mitra Swadaya, (2) Identify the level of the activities associated with knowledge management at PT Trubus Mitra Swadaya, and (3) Analyzing the perceptions of employees regarding the application of knowledge management at PT Trubus Mitra Swadaya. The data that used in this research were primary data and secondary data. Collecting the respondences was done by quota sampling technique, database examine was done by descriptive analysis, average value calculation analysis, and chi-square analysis.<br />The result of average value calculation analysis showed level implementation of knowledge management was excellent (67,01%), represented from strongly agree answered 20,75% and agree answered 46,26%. Moreover, employees said bad, represented from less agree answered 19,97% and disagree 13,02%. In this research, found at least two components which employees feel valued and still yet to be repaired, that was 1) knowledge and 2) work time. The result average value calculation showed level of activity associated with knowledge management was less good (42,78%), represented five to ten times answered 22,78% and more than ten times 20%. Moreover, employees answered never 30% and less than five times 20%. The result chi-square showed employees’ perception about knowledge management based on employee characteristics where the majority of employees agreeing with the implementation of knowledge management.</p>

Nutrition Uptake and Disease of Children with Anemia in Peru, A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Recommended Level ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a multicausal problem affecting 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru has decreased only 6.8% from 2009 to 2017, despite great efforts made to distribute free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods. The current study investigates the nutritional uptake and incidence of disease in children with anemia in Peru to better understand what is driving the high rates of anemia. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of secondary data was conducted. Data from two national surveys were linked to evaluate the predictors of anemia. The associations were tested with Chi-square analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS The sample included 586 children under 3. The prevalence of anemia was 53.2%, while 51.9% of the children consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet the daily recommended level for their age. Of those with anemia, 45.1% consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet the recommended level (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an infectious or parasitic disease in the last year and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (p=0.057, p=0.002, respectfully). The logistic analysis displayed that having an infectious or parasitic disease increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.6, p=0.043), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.58, p=0.044), while controlling for micronutrient uptake. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient nutrients to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to infectious diseases and parasites.

scholarly journals The Effect of Psychosocial Stress on the Incidence of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Mira Istiana ◽  
Yeni Yeni
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia increased to 34.1% in 2018. Hypertension incidence was higher in rural than urban. Psychosocial stress was hypertension risk factors. Individuals with psychosocial stress 3 times at risk get hypertension. The purpose was to determine effect of psychosocial stress on hypertension in rural and urban communities. A cross sectional study design with secondary data IFLS 5 in 2014. Sample was respondents of IFLS 5 who ≥15 years old and had blood pressure measurement data. The sample size was 10.008 in rural and 16,057 urban. Data analysis use complex sample as secondary data analysis technique by considering weighting when analyzing data. The results showed the hypertension was 29.7% in rural and 31.3% in urban. In rural, psychosocial stress increases the risk of hypertension after being controlled for age, sex, education, economic, marital status and BMI (PR = 1,108; 95% CI = 1,016-1,209). In urban, psychosocial stress increases the risk of hypertension after being controlled by age, sex, education, economic, marital status, BMI and tobacco consumption (PR=1,174; 95% CI=1,032-1,335). Psychosocial stress was a risk factor for hypertension. The importance of providing hypertension prevention education such as stress management techniques to prevent hypertension in integrated assistance post (Posbindu).

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DIPHTERIA IN PURWAKARTA REGENCY INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti ◽  
Alfianti Nur Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Preventive Effort ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Diphtheria is considered as a neglected disease since it was successfully eliminated in many countries. However, there were several sporadic re-emergence cases of Diphtheria and the peak was outbreak in Indonesia in 2017.  This research was a descriptive study aimed to explore epidemiology of diphtheria by person, time and place in one of diphtheria endemic area.Methods: This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design in Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia in 2018. Several data were collected in this study such as diphtheria cases by age, time of occurrence, gender, place and immunization status. The data was collected from Purwakarta Health Office. It was the data from the year of 2015-2017. The data was analysed by using descriptive analysis with percentages displayed in graphs and tables.Results: This study reveals that Purwakarta regency is an endemic area of diphtheria with fluctuated cases since 2015-2017. More cases of diphtheria occurred from September to December in rainy season. More cases suffered by children in 5-9 years old, however, this disease also infected adult population. The area with high diphtheria cases in this study also areas with high population densities which is conducive for C diphteriae transmission. Low coverage of immunization is highlighted in the result of this study, which could explain why diphtheria cases occurred continuously in this area.Conclusions: High number of diphtherias in this area should be an awareness for local health officer to do an effective preventive effort such as increasing the coverage of vaccination. Furthermore, optimizing the role of religious and community leader should be made to support diphtheria vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kompleksitas Operasi Perusahaan, Umur Perusahaan dan Opini Auditor Terhadap Ketepatwaktuan Laporan Audit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Nurhairunnisa Nurhairunnisa ◽  
Bambang Bambang ◽  
Robith Hudaya
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Audit Reports

This study aims to determine the effect of the complexity of company operations, company age, and auditor's opinion on the timeliness of audit reports on mining companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2018. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis with hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression models through SPSS version 22 software. This study uses secondary data, namely annual reports published on the website www.idx.co.id or published through the company's official website. The population of this research is all mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2018. The sampling technique was using purposive sampling. Based on predetermined criteria, 30 companies were obtained as samples and 90 observations. The results of this study indicate that there is no influence of the complexity of the company's operations, company age, and the auditor's opinion on the timeliness of the audit report. This research is expected to contribute thoughts, information, and benefits to related stakeholders. For public accountants, this research can be used as a reference that can be used in carrying out their audit service practices, especially in an effort to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of audit implementation through managing factors that can affect the timeliness of submitting audit reports so that audit completion can be improved and accelerated. publication of audited financial reports. For investors, these useful concepts of thought and understanding can be used as a reference in reading and analyzing information in making decisions, especially  in matters relating to audited financial reports.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress During the COVID-19-Related Confinement in Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kyprianidou ◽  
Costas A. Christophi ◽  
Konstantinos Giannakou
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Score ◽  
The Government ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus

The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health emergency that could potentially have a significant impact on both somatic as well as psychological level. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of perceived stress in the general adult population of Cyprus during the first COVID-19 lockdown period. This was an internet-based cross-sectional study conducted between 6 April and 20 June 2020, one to two and a half months after the introduction of and the first mandatory lockdown on its entire territory imposed by the government of the Republic of Cyprus on 24 March 2020. Data collection was done using a self-administered questionnaire that included information about socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, physical activity, smoking habits, and stress level. A total of 1,485 adults participated in the study. The median perceived stress score was 10 (q1 = 6, q3 = 15). Linear regression models showed that having a medium monthly income (€501-1,500) and being a current smoker was positively associated with the perceived stress score, while being male and physically active was negatively associated with the perceived stress score (all p &lt;0.05). People with medium average salary and current smokers were at a higher risk for perceived stress. Psychological interventions and/or psychological services provided in certain vulnerable groups would be beneficial in future lockdowns due to either COVID-19 or a new pandemic.

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