scholarly journals Horizontal Drilling of Crude Oil: A Challenge to the Norms of Property Rights

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Kato Gogo Kingston ◽  
Charity Olunma Kaniye-Ebeku
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vertical Wells ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Oil Corporations ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Development Agreement

Two altitudinal relationships propel current crude oil exploration jurisprudence and litigation namely: Surface land ownership and sub-surface rights (including mineral ownership). In the United States, the conflicts between the surface and mineral owners has theatrically increased in the last decade. Elsewhere, notably Nigeria, conflicts over land rights and the ownership of sub-surface minerals is yet to be fully resolved. Our goal herein is to explore the interaction between the law of property and the tort of trespass as applicable to the surface and subsurface exploration and extraction of crude oil and natural gas with specific focus on the scientific advances in horizontal drilling techniques widely used by the oil corporations in the various oil reservoirs across the world. Horizontal drilling  is described in this paper, as the exercise of drilling for liquid and gaseous mineral resources by other means other than sinking vertical wells. We argue that, horizontal drilling is one of the easiest means by which governments could lawfully capture  crude oil and gas from reservoirs of neighbouring nations to the extent that joint development agreement becomes unnecessary. Also, we opined that nations such as Nigeria could easily resolve issues of resources allocation by reducing the spread of surface wells. This could be achieved through the establishment of very few centralised drilling sites where slant or horizontal drilling can tap into various reservoirs thereby, eliminating the contestation of local agitators.

scholarly journals A Survey of Typical Claims and Key Defenses Asserted in Recent Hydraulic Fracturing Litigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-334
Author(s):  
Michael Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Companies

Small energy companies using hydraulic fracturing, along with horizontal drilling, are unlocking vast oil and natural gas deposits trapped in shale all over the United States. Over the past few years, several key technical, economic, and energy policy developments have spurred increased use of hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas extraction over a wider diversity of geographic regions and geologic formations.2 However, with the expansion of hydraulic fracturing, there have been increasing concerns voiced by the public about potential impacts on drinking water resources, public health, and the environment.

scholarly journals Energy Prices and COVID-Immunity: The Case of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Prices in the US and Japan

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6300
Author(s):  
Honorata Nyga-Łukaszewska ◽  
Kentaka Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
The Us ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic storm has struck the world economies and energy markets with extreme strength. The goal of our study is to assess how the pandemic has influenced oil and gas prices, using energy market reactions in the United States and Japan. To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 cases on the crude oil and natural gas markets, we applied the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach to the number of the US and Japanese COVID-19 cases and energy prices. Our study period is from 21 January 2020 to 2 June 2020, and uses the latest data available at the time of model calibration and captures the so-called “first pandemic wave”. In the US, the COVID-19 pandemic had a statistically negative impact on the crude oil price while it positively affected the gas price. In Japan, this negative impact was only apparent in the crude oil market with a two-day lag. Possible explanations of the results may include differences in pandemic development in the US and Japan, and the diverse roles both countries have in energy markets.

Shale, Quakes, and High Stakes: Regulating Fracking-Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma, USA and Lancashire, UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Aczel ◽  
Karen E. Makuch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Induced Seismic Activity

High-volume hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling has “revolutionized” the United States’ oil and gas industry by allowing extraction of previously inaccessible oil and gas trapped in shale rock [1]. Although the United States has extracted shale gas in different states for several decades, the United Kingdom is in the early stages of developing its domestic shale gas resources, in the hopes of replicating the United States’ commercial success with the technologies [2, 3]. However, the extraction of shale gas using hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling poses potential risks to the environment and natural resources, human health, and communities and local livelihoods. Risks include contamination of water resources, air pollution, and induced seismic activity near shale gas operation sites. This paper examines the regulation of potential induced seismic activity in Oklahoma, USA, and Lancashire, UK, and concludes with recommendations for strengthening these protections.

Shaping State Fracking Policies in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local

This article presents an overview of research focusing on how state and local governments have regulated oil and gas over the past decade following the expanded industry use of new technologies like hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and horizontal drilling. A consequence of fracking was a substantial increase in energy production accompanied by the emergence of policy concerns about how resource development and jobs could be balanced with efforts to maintain environmental quality. Researchers have dealt with three key concerns in the following sections: (1) determining whether state and local officials can each play an important role in developing policies affecting oil and gas drilling activities, (2) examining how state regulators deal with environmental and health impacts associated with fracking, and (3) looking at how state policy decisions have been shaped taking into account both state-level political and economic characteristics and agency resources and political will.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOFUELS WITH A FEEDSTOCK FUEL COMPLEX.

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
N.B. Shamuratova ◽  
Y.S. Baitilenova ◽  
A.N. Narenova ◽  
Zh.A. Nazikova ◽  
A.A. Kamerova
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Biofuels are viewed as a possible fuel of the future. Concerning energy for cars there is intense “competition” stemming from electricity and rising in popularity due to modern research is also hydrogen. In general, biofuels are nowadays strongly supported in the European Union as well as in the United States of America and many other regions of the world. Active management in the oil and gas industry needs to take in account knowledge not only about fossil fuels but also various types of alternative fuels like biofuels. This thesis goal is to analyze the economics of producing Bio-Crude oil from a plant called Jatrophae curcadis, (or also known as “purging nut”). It is nowadays growing around subtropical regions of the North American continent, especially in Mexico, and southern Asia, and with lower yield can grow even in arid wastelands of Central Asia (in arid Mali it is grown to hold wildlife from plants). It is the very undemanding plant so the biofuel produced from it can be very cheap compared to other biofuels. The oil produced from this plant is not being traded on commodities markets yet but is viewed as biofuel of the future as currently sold soybean oil and palm oil are according to my analysis more expensive in many areas of the world. Production of the plant seeds (nuts) when pressed leads to bio-crude oil which can be processed to biocrude. Economic analysis showed that given irrigation and good genetic selection of the plants to give higher production of seeds (price of the kg would be determining factor), the biocrude produced from the seeds has the potential to successfully compete with alternative fuels made from soybean or palm oils.

scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis of Nigerian Economy from 2006 – 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel Olorunfemi Adams ◽  
Muhammad Ardo Bamanga ◽  
Amina Mbusube
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

The economy of a developing country like Nigeria depends mainly on crude oil exploration, currently other economic factors such as Agriculture, Industrialization, Manufacturing, other available mineral resources e.t.c., are not properly harnessed to improve the country’s GDP. A detailed study of the effect of ten economic factors of Nigeria’s economy was investigated and Principal Component Analysis was employed to explain the relationship, distribution and effect of the factors among the various sectors of Nigeria. It was discovered that a strong positive significant association existed between building and manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, transportation, communication, utilities, real estate and community social services, while a negative relationship existed between cruel oil and Agriculture. The component with the highest effect on the Nigerian economy was Agriculture, followed by crude oil and manufacturing/industrialization. The PCA has suggested retaining two components i.e. Agriculture and cruel oil. It was recommended that Nigeria Government should consider Agriculture first as the major economic factor before cruel oil and natural Gas.

GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1947

Geophysics ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Eckhardt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
One Year

In 1947 the oil industry of the United States produced 2.011 billion barrels of crude oil and natural‐gas liquids. The same number of barrels of new oil must be discovered in one year if the industry is to maintain its reserves. This provides a measure of the exploration job to be done.

scholarly journals California

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Baker ◽  
Ryan Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Reserves

Oil and gas output in California has declined as the industry faces increasing regulatory and market headwinds. However, California remains a major oil and gas producing jurisdiction at the present. California is the seventh-largest producer of crude oil in the United States and contains the fifth-largest crude oil reserves.

scholarly journals Methane emissions from oil and gas production sites in Alberta, Canada

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zavala-Araiza ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
Joseph R. Roscioli ◽  
Tara I. Yacovitch ◽  
Matthew R. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Airborne Measurement ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

We performed ground-based measurements (downwind, site-wide characterization) of methane emissions from older light oil and natural gas production sites in Alberta, Canada (Red Deer region, 60 measured sites). We developed a distribution of site-based methane emissions and as previously found in production regions in the United States, a small fraction of the sites account for the majority of methane emissions: 20% of the sites emit three quarters of the methane from oil and gas production. Using empirically derived emission factors, we compared an estimate of regional methane emissions, to a top-down airborne-based measurement of the same region. The airborne measurement was 35% lower, though not statistically different (4,800 ± 3,200 vs. 3,100 ± 2,200 kg CH4 h–1). In Alberta, the majority of these oil and gas emissions go unreported under current reporting requirements. Effective mitigation will most likely require frequent monitoring to identify high-emitting sites as well as leaky components that we hypothesize are also a major contributor to emissions.

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